Julien Jean Malard-Adam

Institute of Research for Development | IRD · 183 - Water Resource Management, Actors and Uses (G-EAU)

Various methods have been proposed to analyze national trends of malnutrition and food insecurity; however, these methods often fail to consider regional specificities that drive national food security dynamics. This case study seeks to close this gap through the novel use of participatory causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to analyze the malnutrition cri...

Participatory water resource management requires modeling techniques that are accurate and flexible yet stakeholder-friendly. While different modeling frameworks offer advantages and disadvantages, system dynamics (SDs) models have seen sustained use as a stakeholder-friendly approach for participatory water resource modeling. Physically based mode...

Participatory water resources management requires modeling techniques that are accurate and flexible, yet stakeholder-friendly. While different modeling frameworks offer advantages and disadvantages, System Dynamics (SD) models have seen sustained use as a stakeholder-friendly approach for water resources modelling. In contrast, physically-based mo...

Citizen science is often heavily dependent on software tools that allow members of the general population to collect, view and submit environmental data to a common database. While several such software platforms exist, these often require expert knowledge to set up and maintain, and server and data hosting costs can become quite costly in the long...

உலக முழுவில் உபயோகிக்கப்படும் ரசாயன பூச்சிக்கொல்லிகள் மனிதர்களுக்கும் சுற்றுச்சூழலுக்கும் ஆபத்தானது. இந்த நிலையில் தீமை செய்யும் பூச்சிகளின் அங்கக அல்லது உயிர் கட்டுப்பாட்டின் தேவை அதிகரித்து கொண்டு இருக்கறது. ஆயினும் இன்று வரை முனறிவிப்பு கொடுக்கும் கணினி மாதிரியமைத்தலில் உயிர் கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்காக முக்கியமான வேளாண் உணவு வலைகள் கருத்தில் வருவதில்லை....

In classic resilience thinking, there is an implicit focus on controlling functional variation to maintain system stability. Modern approaches to resilience thinking deal with complex, adaptive system dynamics and true uncertainty; these contemporary frameworks involve the process of learning to live with change and make use of the consequences of...

Effective and sustainable decision making in water resources management often requires modelling techniques that are able to account for the inherent complexity of coupled human-water systems. One approach that is used to model coupled human-water systems is to couple physically based models and system dynamics models. However, in many cases, this...

Effective and sustainable decision making in water resources management often requires modelling techniques that are able to account for the inherent complexity of coupled human-water systems. One approach that is used to model coupled human-water systems is to couple physically based models and system dynamics models. However, in many cases, this...

Unconventional sources of data that enhance our understanding of internal interactions between socio-economic and hydrological processes are central to modeling human–water systems. Participatory modeling (PM) departs from conventional modeling tools by informing and conceptualizing human–water systems through stakeholder engagement. However, the i...

பன்மொழி நிரலாக்கத்துக்காக தற்காலத்தில் பொதுமான மென்பொருள் கருவி ஒன்றும் கிடைக்காது. ஆங்கில சாராத சில நிரல்மொழிகள் உபயோகத்தில் இருந்தாலும், பைத்தான், யாவாக்கிறீட்டை போன்ற ஆங்கில மூலமாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட பிரபலமான நிரல்மொழிகளுக்காக எந்த பன்மொழி மாற்று இல்லை. இதற்கு நாங்கள் இந்த கட்டுரையில் லஸ்ஸி என்பது உலகத்தின் முதல் பொதுவான பன்மொழி நிரல்மொழி மொழியாக்கம...

L’agriculture à petite échelle est une composante clef des systèmes agroalimentaires au niveau mondiale et contribue de manière importante et à l’économie, et à l’alimentation humaine, et ce, en tout particulier dans le cas des communautés Indigènes. Les systèmes agricoles à petite échelle sont particulièrement complexes et diverses sur les plans s...

உலகத்தில் பிரபலமான நிரல்மொழிகள் பெரும்பான்மையாக ஆங்கில மூலமாக எழுதப்பட்டுள்ளன. வேறு இயற்கை மொழிகளில் நிரலாக்கம் செய்யும் முயற்சிகள் பல்வேறு இருந்தாலும், தொழில்முறை சூழல்நிலையில் அவற்றின் பயன்பாடு குறைவு. இந்த கட்டுரையில் லஸ்ஸி (https://லஸ்ஸி.இந்தியா) என்று சட்டகம் மற்றும் மென்பொருள் கருவி முன்வைக்கப்படும். லஸ்ஸியால் எந்த நிரல்மொழி வேண்டுமானாலும், உ...

உலகத்தில் பிரபலமான நிரல்மொழிகள் பெரும்பான்மையாக ஆங்கில மூலமாக எழுதப்பட்டுள்ளன. வேறு இயற்கை மொழிகளில் நிரலாக்கம் செய்யும் முயற்சிகள் பல்வேறு இருந்தாலும், தொழில்முறை சூழல்நிலையில் அவற்றின் பயன்பாடு குறைவு. இந்த கட்டுரையில் லஸ்ஸி (https://லஸ்ஸி.இந்தியா) என்று சட்டகம் மற்றும் மென்பொருள் கருவி முன்வைக்கப்படும். லஸ்ஸியால் எந்த நிரல்மொழி வேண்டுமானாலும், உ...

Jaa’ Iximulew qsk’ola k’iy rbiyomal chnkikuina nkitzuqa kii’ njelal rwinaqil, naq rumak k’ara’ qslowlo’ kibnona je’ee’ ajtzmeytaq winaq ruk’in meb’iil, chqaa’ qsmajon mutzta rkbal ki way ki yaa’, taq na paj rij rwacha je’ee’ jawra achnaq nqaljina chk’oa k’iy achnaq mrbiyalta rb’non. Taq ntz’at, nuuk’, npa’j rij rwach k’aslemal rxin ujer, alnaq ncho...

Zip file of all code and data needed to reproduce all results and figures presented in this article. Code runs in Python.

Correct modelling of relationships between predators and prey is crucial to ecological and population dynamics models. However, and despite a long-standing competition between ratio and prey-dependent models (and a few alternative intermediate forms) in the literature, most equations currently used to represent such relationships do not meet theore...

Hydrologic model coupling to Tinamit, the methodology is introduced.

New and unconventional sources of data that enhance our understanding of internal interactions between socio-economic and hydrological processes are central to sociohydrological modelling. Participatory modelling (PM) departs from conventional modelling tools by informing and conceptualizing sociohydrological models through stakeholder engagement....

Participatory system dynamics modelling is a useful tool for sociohydrological systems management due to its inclusion of diverse viewpoints and incorporation of feedback dynamics and delays between the human and environmental spheres. We here present a case study from the Lake Atitlán watershed in Guatemala, which is unique due to its endorheic na...

Water and environmental resources exist in complex and deeply uncertain systems of social-economic and environmental components. As such, natural resource systems are impacted simultaneously by the diverse effects of many interacting human-environmental components. While conventional environmental planning commonly stresses estimation and predictio...

All data and Python code required to run the analyses and generate all figures presented in the article. Note that these will require a local installation of Tiko'n itself (not included), which is distributed through GitHub (https://github.com/julienmalard/Tikon) and PyPI (tikon).

Agroecological food web modelling, which models trophic relationships between the species present in agricultural fields, has significant potential uses in the fields of theoretical and practical agroecology, specifically regarding the planning and evaluation of integrated pest management and biocontrol strategies. However, the practical use of suc...

Xkik’üt chïk k’iy taq samäj na’ojil rub’anom kik’ijolem winaqi’ chuwäch meruchajinem kirikilal (MCR), po man e k’iy ta xetz’eton rub’anom rutzilinem chikiwäch ri kiwinaqilil chuqa’ kichab’äl winaqi’ chuwäch ki MCR. | While the impact of gender on food insecurity (FIS) has been documented, there is a lack of studies on the impact of racial and lingu...

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through on-line media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, p...

Una gran parte de la población mundial depende de la agricultura para su subsistencia y, por este motivo, la misma juega un papel importante en la lucha contra la pobreza y la subnutrición. Numerosos estudios han confirmado la importancia de la variedad de cultivos para la seguridad y diversidad alimentaria de pequeños productores; sin embargo, se...

Xkik’üt chïk k’iy taq samäj na’ojil rub’anom kik’ijolem winaqi’ chuwäch meruchajinem kirikilal (MCR), po man e k’iy ta xetz’eton rub’anom rutzilinem chikiwäch ri kiwinaqilil chuqa’ kichab’äl winaqi’ chuwäch ki MCR. | Mientras que se ha documentado el impacto del género hacia la inseguridad alimentaria (ISA), faltan estudios sobre el impacto de disc...

System Dynamics (SD) modeling is well adapted to developing participatory environmental models. However, SD models are ill-suited for complex physical (e.g., groundwater) processes, and existing methods to couple them with physically-based models tend to be complex and inflexible. We here present Tinamit, a novel tool to couple SD and physically-ba...

அங்கக வேளாண்மையில் தீமை செய்யும் பூச்சி மேலாண்மை நன்மை செய்யும் பூச்சி மூலமாக செய்யப்பட்டது, ஆனால் பயிர் மற்றும் மண் தரம் மூலமும் பூச்சிகளை கட்டுப்படுத்தலாம். இந்த ஆராய்ச்சியில், அங்கக மற்றும் செயற்கை உரம் இடப்பட்ட வயல்களுக்கு இடையில் உள்ள மண் தரம் வேறுபாடுகளால் தீமை மற்றும் நன்மை செய்யும் பூச்சிகளின் எண்ணிக்கை வேறுபடுமா என்பதை ஆராய்ச்சித் தேடலில்...

இயற்கை வேளாண்மையில் நன்மை செய்யும் பூச்சிகள் முக்கியமானவை என்று நன்றாக தெரியும். ஆனாலும், வேளாண் சூழ்நிலையில் நன்மை-தீமை செய்யும் பூச்சி மற்றும் செடி இடைவிளைவுகளை பற்றி குறைவாக தெரியும். இந்த ஆராய்ச்சியில், இரண்டு கிராமங்களின் இரு வேறுபட்ட வேளாண்மையில் (ஒன்று இயற்கை, மற்றொன்று செயற்கை) என சூழ்நிலை வலைகள் இருக்கும் என்று கண்டு பிடிக்கப்பட்டது. உறுதி...

Many simulation models focus on simulating a single physical process and do not constitute balanced representations of the physical, social and economic components of a system. The present study addresses this challenge by integrating a physical (P) model (SAHYSMOD) with a group (stakeholder) built system dynamics model (GBSDM) through a component...

Effective policies, leading to sustainable management solutions for land and water resources, demand a full understanding of interactions between socio-economic and physical processes. However, the complex nature of these interactions, combined with limited stakeholder engagement, hinders the incorporation of socio-economic components into physical...

While several well-validated crop growth models are currently widely used, very few crop pest models of the same caliber have been developed or applied, and pest models that take trophic interactions into account are even rarer. This may be due to several factors, including 1) the difficulty of representing complex agroecological food webs in a qua...

Model coupling is a crucial step to constructing many environmental models, as it allows for the integration of independently-built models representing different system sub-components to simulate the entire system. Model coupling has been of particular interest in combining socioeconomic System Dynamics (SD) models, whose visual interface facilitat...

Study region: Narew River in Northeastern Poland. Study focus: Three methods for frequency analysis of snowmelt floods were compared. Two dimensional (2D) normal distribution and copula-based 2D probability distributions were applied to statistically describe floods with two parameters (flood peak Qmax,f and flood volume Vf). Two copula functions f...

An increase in corruption is found to be a significant predictor of food insecurity, on a global scale. Corruption is found to significantly increase food insecurity within highly corrupt and low-income country groups.

Soil may fail in a number of ways during tilling, depending on soil conditions and the type of implement. The present paper investigates soil structures and several soil physical and mechanical properties associated with different failure patterns in two agricultural soils (upland and paddy). The dry bulk density, soil cohesion, internal friction a...

Soil fragmentation is greatly influenced by the moisture status.The optimum moisture content Wopt for a seedbed may be defined as the moisture content at which tillage produces more than 50% of medium size aggregates (0.5–8 mm).The objective of this study was to investigate soil fragmentation produced by soil cutting at five moisture contents (110%...

While cropping models represent the biophysical aspects of agricultural systems, system dynamics modelling offers the possibility of representing socioeconomic aspects of these systems. The two types of models can then be coupled in order to include the socioeconomic dimensions of climate change adaptation in the predictions of the cropping models....

The modelling of the impacts of climate change on agriculture requires the inclusion of socio-economic factors. However, while cropping models and economic models of agricultural systems are common, dynamically coupled socio-economic-biophysical models have not received as much success. A promising methodology for modelling the socioeconomic aspect...

La sostenibilidad agrícola es un reto particularmente urgente para los pequeños productores cuya seguridad alimentaria se basa en la producción agrícola. No obstante, hay una falta de métodos para la predicción del impacto del sistema agrícola sobre la ecología de la región. La gran mayoría de los modelos de cultivos actuales no toman en cuenta las...

El gran número de personas viviendo en condiciones de pobreza en regiones rurales y que dependen de la agricultura para su subsistencia subraya la importancia de identificar los factores que afectan la seguridad alimentaria de este segmento de la población. Aunque se sepa que una mayor cantidad de animales aumenta la seguridad alimentaria, no exist...

Varios programas de desarrollo agrícola se han implementado para combatir la inseguridad alimentaria en los pequeños productores agrícolas. En particular, se han desarrollado programas de producción para el mercado y programas de producción agrícola para el autoconsumo, los cuales presentan beneficios y vulnerabilidades distintas para las comunidad...

Satellite observations of the spectral properties of vegetation can provide insights on crop conditions and yield, and, furthermore, can monitor the impact of droughts. In the case of rainfed crops grown for self-sufficiency, a drought can result in significant human suffering, highlighting the need to understand how droughts affect the landscape i...

Guatemala is a country characterised by extreme spatial variability, combining an enormous diversity of climates, geographies, and agroecosystems within a very small geographical scale, which complicates the development of sustainable agroecosystem design. Adding to this complexity has been the promotion of two very different rural agricultural dev...

Guatemala has seen two very different agricultural development approaches being promoted for smallholder farming communities: market-based agricultural intensification versus low-input subsistence-based approaches. Given very high levels of poverty and malnutrition in both case study regions, the assessment of the sustainability of the two systems...

While animal-sourced foods and income can play central roles in the livelihoods of smallholder farmers, there is very little knowledge on how the diversity of these farmers' livestock holdings may impact their food security (FS). Using survey data from 500 smallholder Haitian farmers, this research addresses three crucial questions: (1) determining...

In this paper, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test, and the sequential Mann–Kendall test are applied to temperature series at different time scales in order to detect the long-term trends (1956–2010) in synoptic-scale surface temperatures in Iran, as well as the dominant time scales affecting these temperature tim...

Food insecurity levels in Guatemala are very high, but different regions (including those with similar geophysical and climatic characteristics) have shown vastly different trends over the past decade. Therefore, socio-environmental interactions may play a crucial role in the successful management of these agroecosystems, and differences in the geo...

Agricultural production is heavily dependent not only on climate but also on markets as well as on the social and community systems managing the agroecosystem. In addition, the ultimate goal of agricultural production, human food security, is also affected not only by net agricultural production but also by similar economic and social factors. Thes...