Julie Le Gallo

Institut Agro Dijon

We analyse the way in which spending efficiency of French departments evolved from 2007 to 2019. We use the time-dependent conditional order-m approach , which allows to account for the heterogeneity among departments, characterized by contextual variables, and to evaluate the effect of these variables. The results reveal a continuous improvement i...

This paper develops limited and full information estimators for a simultaneous panel data model with spatial lags on the dependent variables and spatially autocorrelated error processes in the form of spatial autoregressive or spatial moving average processes. The spatial error components are estimated with various generalized moment procedures. Mo...

Conventional estimation methods for the the spatial autoregressive (SAR) model rely on the key assumption that the spatial lag parameter is time-invariant for the entire study period. This strong assumption is likely be violated in many economic situations where spillovers may change over time. At the other extreme, a time-varying model where the s...

This paper examines the pull and push factors of interregional flows in Tunisia, focusing on the role of differences in human capital. Using data from the 2004 and 2014 Tunisian censuses, we estimate a gravity model augmented with proxies capturing high‐ and low‐skilled level human capital and an original nighttime light proxy for regional GPD. We...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 16(4) (2021). The first paper adopts a higher order spatial autoregressive model with endogenous spatial weight matrices. The second paper investigates the existence of the law of one price using regional observations over time. The third paper develops an economic-theoretical model that goes...

How heterogenous is the impact of climate change across space and the type of agricultural production? In this paper, we investigate the relationship between climate change and variability, measured by temperature and rainfall, and agricultural production at the country and agroecological zone levels of the Sahel. We consider a crop production inde...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 16(3) (2021) in order to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends and knowledge. The first paper analyses the economic consequences of the rise and spread of the Covid-19 virus in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The second paper presents a multi-regional ge...

This chapter provides an overview of the literature on econometric land use models including spatial autocorrelation. These models are useful to analyze the determinants of land use changes and to study their implications for the environment (carbon stocks, water quality, biodiversity, ecosystem services). Recent methodological advances in spatial...

At the Origins of Expenditure Disparities Between French Departments: an Empirical Analysis (2006-2016) Starting from the observation that the levels of expenditure and of resources are very different from one French department to another, the aim of this article is to shed light on the origins of the disparities in the departments’ expenditure in...

We perform meta-regressions on a single database containing 96 observations of simple ultimatum games and 144 observations of simple dictator games to disentangle the fairness hypothesis based on the degree of economic development of a country. According to the fairness hypothesis, offers in the two games should not differ if they were motivated by...

JEL classification: C33 H77 Q58 Keywords: Environmental expenditure Strategic interaction Spatial econometrics Common factors A B S T R A C T How do countries respond to other countries when setting the level of their environmental expenditures? Using data from 1995 to 2017 on a sample of 28 OECD countries, we examine the nature and extent of strat...

We extend the literature on Cohesion Policy effectiveness by considering how the cohesion policy affects both within regional disparities and economic growth. For that purpose, a panel database of 205 NUTS2 regions of the UE-25 for 2000-2014 is used. We estimate panel data regressions with fixed effects and a spatial autoregressive term in order to...

This article draws on data collected by local rental observatories in 12 French urban units in 2015 to analyze the spatial dimension of hedonic rental prices in the private rental market through (i) the spatial heterogeneity between urban units and (ii) the wide variety of contextual and locational characteristics (socio-economic, environmental (di...

We apply spatio-temporal scan statistics on the distributions of asking price per meter squared for various segments of the housing market (attics, houses, flats of various sizes) in the city of Madrid for 5 years during the period 2008–2019. Our application shows how spatio-temporal scan statistics can be useful for assessing the dynamics of urban...

In many developing countries, urban growth is characterised by the emergence of informal housing at the periphery. Nevertheless, there is little evidence based on data from informal land markets and, in general, studies focusing on such markets often neglect environmental factors. Therefore, to contribute to these research gaps, this article aims t...

This editorial summarises the papers published in issue 15.4 in order to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends and knowledge. The first paper challenges the standard notion that more growth is better. The second paper challenges macroeconomic models by looking at them from a regional micro-grounded lens, where...

It is increasingly emphasized that the innovative performance of regions depends on the right balance between local development and external openness. The paper contributes to this discussion by exploring how regional gatekeepers contribute to inventive performance through their intermediation role as they establish extra-local linkages in addition...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 15(2) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper combines a conditionally autoregressive process from the spatial statistics literature with a spatial Durbin error model from the spatial econometrics literature. The second paper feeds...

The aim of this paper is to develop a spatial group-wise heteroskedasticity test based on the scan approach, specifically developed for spatial autocorrelation regression models (spatial lag and spatial error models): the “scan-LM test.” Based on the Lagrange multiplier (LM) principle, its main advantage lies in its comparative ease of implementati...

This paper examines the location patterns of manufacturing industries within the most developed regions of Tunisia, the Sahel. We use detailed micro‐geographic data and the distance‐based approach of Duranton and Overman. While the textile industry shows a high degree of geographical concentration, the high‐tech industries are also among the most c...

It is increasingly emphasized that the innovative performance of regions depends on the right balance between local development and external openness. The paper contributes to this discussion by exploring how regional gatekeepers contribute to inventive performance through their intermediation role as they establish extra-local linkages in addition...

In addition to the three special issue papers, issue 15.1 contains two papers on input-output analysis. The first paper provides a thorough analysis of the cross entropy (CE) method to build input-output tables at sub-territorial levels or to update them in time. The second paper proposes a spatial input-output location quotient accounting for the...

Cet article porte sur les différences de genre dans les litiges prud’homaux en France. Nous réalisons une analyse empirique de données concernant la phase de conciliation préalable au procès et les décisions des juges lors de la phase de jugement. Pour cela, nous avons créé une nouvelle base de données à partir de documents juridiques. Les résultat...

The European Union is highly attractive for FDI in services but investment is unevenly distributed across EU countries and regions. This paper explores the issue of disentangling national and regional factors in the location choices of service FDI in the EU for the period 1997–2012. Using a dynamic panel Poisson model, our results support the concl...

Spatial Heterogeneity in Hedonic Prices of Apartments in the French Private Rental Market This article exploits the data collected by the local monitoring rental centers in 11 urban poles in 2015. Whereas the variance of the rent per m² for an urban pole is mainly explained by the structural characteristics of the properties, socio-economic and acc...

This editorial summarises the papers published in issue 14(4) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper analyses the impact of re-exports on bilateral trade data. The second paper proposes a new measure for the popular smart specialisation index (S3). The third paper proposes a new solutio...

This paper aims to analyze the socioeconomic diversity of the European Union (EU-28) regions from a dynamic perspective. For that purpose, we combine a series of exploratory space-time analysis approaches to multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) applied to a large range of indicators collected at the NUTS-2 level for the period 2000–2015 for the EU-28. Fi...

Pourquoi proposer un tel numéro spécial ? La réponse simple et motivante est que le regard porté par des chercheurs issus d’autres sciences sur les questions abordées en économie spatiale est riche d’enseignements pour des économistes. De fait, depuis plusieurs années déjà, diverses études ont été publiées dans des revues de recherche catégorisées...

Cet article analyse l’impact de la densité, mesurée alternativement par l’emprise au sol du bâti et la tache urbaine, et des formes urbaines (surface urbanisée, indice de Gini et distance moyenne entre deux habitants) sur les dépenses de fonctionnement et d’investissement à l’échelle des communes pour dix aires urbaines françaises en 2015. Nous mon...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 14(2) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper deals with past and current challenges for regional science research. The second paper investigates whether people living in deprived neighbourhoods have less chance of succeeding in a j...

This article evaluates whether Airbnb rentals affect the rents in the private rental sector in eight cities in France. We estimate a hedonic equation for each city on individual data for apartments, allowing for heteroscedasticity and spatial error autocorrelation of unknown forms and using a large variety of structural and contextual characteristi...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 14(1) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper applies the Shapley-based decomposition approach to determine the impact of firm-, linkage- and location-specific factors to the survival probability of enterprises. The second paper app...

In this chapter, we present the main econometric specifications capturing spatial heterogeneity, or models of absolute locations, and examine how these specifications can be extended to further allow for spatial autocorrelation models of heterogeneous reaction by emphasizing the complex links between spatial heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelatio...

While the aggregate value of constructed land rose from 45% to nearly 260% of gross domestic product in France between 1998 and 2006, stabilising after the crisis, regulatory constraints on construction are used to explain the rise in land prices, which are weighing on production costs for new housing units. We analyse to what extent the issuance o...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 13(4) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper develops an economic geography model with trade costs in all sectors and different shares of unskilled labour in all locations. The second paper translates an economic geography model in...

The estimates for the human capital effect in cross‐country growth regressions have been subject of considerable controversy. We argue that human capital is intrinsically a multidimensional construct. We construct human capital measure by combining available alternative proxies via confirmatory factor analysis. Using panel data endogenous quantile...

This paper focuses on a three-dimensional model that combines two different types of spatial interaction effects, i.e. endogenous interaction effects via a spatial lag on the dependent variable and interaction effects among the disturbances via a spatial moving average (SMA) nested random effects errors. A three-stage procedure is proposed to estim...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 13(3) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper challenges the home market hypothesis that large countries host more firms relative to their size than small countries by considering the lobbying activities of multinational firms. The...

This editorial summarises the papers published in issue 13.1 so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper adopts a scale neutral approach to investigate the spatial mechanisms that cause regional innovation and growth. The second paper claims that population-weighting when calculating indices...

We propose a scan test for the presence of spatial groupwise heteroskedasticity in cross-sectional data. The scan approach has been used in different fields before, including spatial econometric models, to detect instability in mean values of variables or regression residuals. In this paper, we extend its use to second order moments. Using large Mo...

Ce chapitre propose une présentation synthétique des méthodes d’économétrie spatiale appliquéesaux données de panel. Nous insistons principalement sur les spécifications et les méthodes implémentéesdans le package splm disponible sous R. Nous illustrons notre présentation par une analysede la deuxième "loi" de Verdoorn avant de présenter des extens...

Les effets de la densité sur les coûts des infrastructures et services publics

This paper extends the literature on the calculation and interpretation of impacts for spatial autoregressive models. Using a Bayesian framework, we show how the individual direct and indirect impacts associated with an exogenous variable introduced in a nonlinear way in such models can be computed, theoretically and empirically. Rather than averag...

Raising the bar (6). Spatial Economic Analysis. This editorial summarizes and comments on the papers published in issue 12(4) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper addresses the question of whether ‘jobs follow people’ or ‘people follow jobs’. The second paper develops a new methodolog...

This paper aims at assessing the sustainability of development in eleven Latin American countries. For that purpose, we establish an evaluation index system grouped into four subsystems (economic subsystem, social subsystem, ecologic subsystem and institutional subsystem). The weights for the index subsystems of sustainable development are based on...

Economic interactions in space and other forms of peer effects now receive considerable attention both from a theoretical as well as from an applied perspective, especially on panel data. Until recently, the methodologies and specifications developed are related mainly to two-dimensional approaches that refer to observations on a cross-section of h...

Economic interactions in space and other forms of peer effects now receive considerable attention both from a theoretical as well as from an applied perspective, especially on panel data. Until recently, the methodologies and specifications developed are related mainly to two-dimensional approaches that refer to observations on a cross-section of h...

Driven by socio-economic processes, the influence of spatial factors on household energy related attitudes and perceptions is largely neglected in the literature. This paper analyses the extent to which energy perceptions and attitudes vary across different geographical contexts in Europe. We use representative Eurobarometer survey data to analyse...

The objective of this paper is to compare the predictive accuracy of individual and aggregated econometric models of land-use choices. We argue that modeling spatial autocorrelation is a comparative advantage of aggregated models due to the smaller number of observation and the linearity of the outcome. The question is whether modeling spatial auto...

Based on a unique dataset of French municipalities and a large number of bud- getary variables, we estimate the extent of spatial fiscal interaction among the 33,484 French municipalities in 2008 by accounting for inter-municipal cooperation. Using a spatial autoregressive model with inter-municipal group fixed effects, we show that spatial interac...

Raising the bar (5). Spatial Economic Analysis. This editorial summarizes and comments on the papers published in this issue 12(1) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper examines the impact of the level of education on the decision to migrate and finds that it is approximately twice as...

Analyse économique de changement d’usage du sol. Introduction

This paper focuses on panel data models combining spatial dependence with a nested (hierarchical) structure. We use a generalized moments estimator to estimate the spatial autoregressive parameter and the variance components of the disturbance process. A spatial counterpart of the Cochrane-Orcutt transformation leads to a feasible generalized least...

For disadvantaged young people, access to a means of transportation, whether in the form of a personal vehicle or reliable public transportation, can play an important role in determining school-to-work transitions. In order to find a clean source of identification to assess the impact of reducing commuting costs for such individuals, we conducted...

This editorial summarizes and comments on the papers published in issue 11(4) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper deals with common factors and spatial dependence in the error term specification of a production function model. The second paper sets forth a New Economic Geography (NEG...

This editorial summarizes and comments on the papers published in issue 11(3) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper proposes spatial and a-spatial indicators to describe the networks of airline companies around the world. The second paper sets forth a two-regime gravity-type model with...

In this editorial we summarise and comment on the papers published in issue 11.2 so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper analyses which regions in Europe were resilient to the great Recession and which ones were not. The second and the third develop a competing-destinations gravity model...

In this editorial, we summarize and comment on the papers published in issue 11.1 so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper employs the J-test to discriminate between two economic-theoretical explanations for the wage curve. The second applies a two-step ML procedure to measure the impact...

No abstract is available for this article.

In a set of human experiments, we analyze the impact of the buyer's reserve price policy in an online open outcry reverse auction. We measure the impact of revealing or not the reserve price on the buyer's expected cost when suppliers may be risk-averse. Results confirm that the optimal public reserve price policy dominates for the buyer when the l...

In this paper, we revisit the analysis of cross‐country convergence by combining spatial econometrics and panel quantile regressions to estimate conditional β‐convergence models. Moreover, we use both exogenous and endogenous weight matrices. Our results show that indeed the effects of initial per capita income, investment rate, population growth a...

European Union (EU) is very attractive for foreign direct investment (FDI) in services and policy makers should know the reasons explaining investment location choices of foreign firms in order to attract them. This article explores FDI location determinants in service functions in the EU-28. Studies dealing with such an issue stay generally focuse...

In this paper, we apply a hedonic housing price model to estimate the willingness to pay for less air pollution and noise in the city of Madrid. Using subjective data on the perception of air pollution and noise by the Madrid residents, we apply a quantile conditionally parametric model (CPAR) that allow one to quantify the heterogeneity of these w...

In this paper, we apply a hedonic housing price model to estimate the willingness to pay for less air pollution and noise in the city of Madrid. Using subjective data on the perception of air pollution and noise by the Madrid residents, we apply a quantile conditionally parametric model (CPAR) that allow one to quantify the heterogeneity of these w...

This special issue contains a selection of many excellent papers and posters presented at the Sixth ‘Jean Paelinck’ Seminar of Spatial Econometrics, which was held at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) in October, 2013. The collection of papers address some of the major concerns and progression lines proposed by professor Paelinck along his a...

We evaluate the usefulness of the spatial scan test in specification testing for spatial econometric models. The null hypothesis assumes equality of the mean values of a variable in all the locations of a geo-referenced data set. The alternative hypothesis relies on the existence of one (or more) spatial cluster(s) where mean values differ from tho...

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This chapter provides a selective survey of the main developments related to the study of regional convergence. We discuss the methodological issues at stake and show how a number of techniques applied in cross-country studies have been adapted to the study of regional convergence. In doing this, we focus on the two main strands of growth econometr...

We assess the impact of lowering the cost of learning to drive in France by randomly assigning candidates to either of two groups of 18 to 25 years olds. Young people in the “test group” were given a €1000 voucher to pay for their driving lessons and were suported by a welfare centre throughout the time they were learning. Young people in the “cont...

This chapter provides a selective survey of specification issues in spatial econometrics. We first present the most commonly used spatial specifications in a cross-sectional setting in the form of linear regression models including a spatial lag and/or a spatial error term, heteroscedasticity or parameter instability. Second, we present a set of sp...

Identification of suitable instruments is a critical step for the implementation of instrumental variable (IV) estimation. A challenge is that, as the level of correlation between the instruments and the endogenous variable increases, so also do the chances that the instruments themselves will be correlated with the error terms. Contrariwise, when...

Air quality is one of the major concerns in big cities. It is therefore of interest to evaluate properly air pollution. Specifically, this paper aims at measuring how air quality is incorporated in transaction prices in downtown Madrid. For that purpose, we use multilevel models since our sample is hierarchically organized into 3 levels. Our first-...

China has experienced fast industrialization and long-lasting economic growth since the end of the 1970s. However, the manufacturing sector is not evenly distributed over the Chinese territory, which resulted in an unequal economic development across regions. The aim of this article is to measure whether Kaldor’s engine of growth hypothesis holds t...

In empirical studies dealing with spatial data, researchers are frequently confronted with data available at different spatial scales. For instance, hedonic models on housing prices usually combine individual data pertaining to the price and structural characteristics of the dwelling and socio-economic neighbourhood characteristics that are availab...

Endogeneity and spatial autocorrelation : How useful is the Durbin model ? This article focuses on the endogeneity problem in a spatial framework. We analyze the case where endogeneity comes from an omitted variable, which is spatially autocorrelated. We show, both theoretically and with Monte-Carlo simulations, that one way to decrease the omitted...

Measurement error in an independent variable is one reason why OLS estimates may not be consistent. However, as shown by Dagenais (1994), in some circumstances the OLS bias may be ameliorated somewhat given the presence of serially correlated disturbances, and OLS may prove superior to standard techniques used to correct for serial correlation. Thi...

The well-known increase in the geographical concentration of hog production suggests the presence of agglomeration economies related to spatial spillovers and inter-dependencies among industries. In this paper, we examine whether the restrictions on land application of manure may weaken productivity gains arising from the agglomeration process. We...

Hedonic housing price models should deal with spatial autocorrelation in order to avoid bias and inconsistency in the coefficient estimates. Multilevel models have been presented as a way of properly considering the effects of neighbourhood amenities operating at different spatial hierarchies. In this paper, we test this feature by specifying a thr...

Urban areas are affected by high levels of air pollution and noise, usually generated by road traffic, industry and construction operations. The environmental and health consequences are important. For instance, according to the World Health Organization, almost 2.5 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution (WH...

This paper extends the analysis by Dall'erba and Le Gallo dealing with the impact of structural funds on the growth process of European regions. Like most of the other 18 contributions assessing the efficiency of structural funds, our article was based on a global model of β-convergence: one coefficient pertaining to the structural funds variable w...