Julian Newman

• BA(Oxon), BA(London), Dip Ed (Edin)
• PhD Student at Birkbeck, University of London

Some related species give rise to interspecies hybrids with hemiclonal inheritance. The gametes of such hybrids transfer the set of hereditary information of one of the parental species. The water frog, Pelophylax esculentus, is an example of such hybrids. The hemiclonal hybrids together with their parental species form a biosystem for which the su...

1. Our knowledge of computer simulation models, as of all software artefacts, is empirical. Hence I reject the arguments for the essential epistemic opacity of such models due to human cognitive limitations. 2. Epistemic opacity is in fact widespread in computer simulation models. It does not arise from their essential nature, but from the neglect...

Prologue: Computer Simulation gets a bad name (with some asides on terminology) Epistemic Autonomy - a Quasi Kantian basis for Scientific Norms Knowledge versus Understanding - a false dichotomy? Simulations and data as artefacts Some interim conclusions

Studying any system requires development of ways to describe the variety of its conditions. Such development includes three steps. The first one is to identify groups of similar systems (associative typology). The second one is to identify groups of objects which are similar in characteristics important for their description (analytic typology). Th...

Some related species give rise to interspecies hybrids with hemiclonal inheritance. The gametes of such hybrids transfer the set of hereditary information of one of the parental species. The water frog, Pelophylax esculentus, is an example of such hybrids. The hemiclonal hybrids together with their parental species form a biosystem for which the su...

Software-intensive science, and in particular the method of modelling large and complex systems by means of computer simulation, presents acute dilemmas of epistemic trust. Some authors have contended that simulations are essentially epistemically opaque vis and vis a human agent, others that complex simulation models suffer from an inescapable con...

Scientific findings based on computer simulation evoke sceptical responses because data generated by simulation models does not appear to have an objective status comparable with data captured by observation or experiment. Counter to this, philosophers sympathetic to computational science, such as Winsberg (2010) and Humphreys (2004), emphasise par...

Factors determining the sustainability of Hemiclonal Population Systems in which the interspecies hybrids Pelophylax esculentus complex coexist with members of parental species were studied using a combination of empirical data and computer simulation modeling. The empirical data demonstrates the existence of different intrapopulation strategies by...

Virtual enterprises are currently characterised as having a fixed process model, fixed meta-data model and a fixed set of users. This paper proposes a behaviour network based approach to support dynamic and self-organised virtual organisations with less common knowledge and synchronising models, which are often the case in internet-based social int...

Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a concept clustering approach that has been widely applied in ontology learning. In our work, we present an innovative approach to generating information context from a tentative domain specified scientific corpus and mapping a concept lattice to a formal ontology. The application of the proposed approach to Semanti...

Given mobile phone penetration statistics and current mobile phone technical specifications, it is apparent that in developed countries, the majority of citizens carry not just mobile phones, but true mobile computing devices. These devices are still primarily used for telephony, although information access is slowly emerging as a popular service o...

Product configuration management (PCM) is an important issue for complex products with long life cycles. In this paper a unified-modelling-language (UML)-based approach is introduced to define a PCM process model developed, as part of the Framework V DIECoM project, for use in the aerospace and automotive industries. This paper presents an integrat...

The motivation of this ,paper is to ,realize an energy-driven self-organising architecture of Social Behaviour Networks(SoBeNet) for the Web application. Internet agents can sense changes in the web environment via virtual web sensors and behavior selection is based on the energy spreading mechanism from the bottom-up paradigm of AI. There is no gl...

This chapter presents a software architecture and implementation to support in-service product configuration management applicable to both the automotive and aerospace industries. In both these industry sectors it is now feasible, with emerging technologies such as telematic systems and OSGi, to implement a distributed and integrated information sy...

Existing software systems designed to support learning do not adequately provide for vicarious learning in a cross-institutional collaborative environment. We have developed an architecture based on role-based access control, which provides the necessary security, robustness, flexibility, and explicit formulation of policy. Such an architecture is...

RAED provides a computerised infrastructure to support the development and administration of Vicarious Learning in collaborative learning communities spread across multiple universities and workplaces. The system is based on the OASIS middleware for Role-based Access Control. This paper describes the origins of the model and the approach to impleme...

The existing authorization policy language and technologies in traditional distributed systems can not meet the requirements of dynamic ubiquitous computing environment. The provision of an efficient and flexible policy specification approach is needed to support the deployment of access control of mobile computing applications. This paper introduc...

Business process modeling and workflow process execution are often conducted in diverse environments and described using diverse process definition languages. Such systems often underpin distributed collaboration systems, but there is a current need to allow developers to use existing and familiar design methodologies and tools to design these syst...

This paper summarizes the fourth Evaluating Collaborative Enterprises (ECE) workshop, held as part of the 12th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaboration conference (WETICE 2003), at the Johann Keppler University, Linz, Austria. This paper introduces the seven papers presented and summarizes the presenta...

Traditional access control models cannot effectively manage authorization for independent and geographically dispersed information. This drives the research interest in more flexible and efficient access control approaches, in particular role-based access control. This report covers both RBAC subfields - theoretical modelling and practical deployme...

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Virtual Software Corporations (VSCs) are a novel organisational form that use the competitive advantage provided by access to scarce competencies and economies of scale in software development. The main feature of a VSC is the distributed and temporary nature of the teams involved and the use of communication and information technology to support i...

The term ‘Information’ is widely used in the rhetoric of the Information Society, a rhetoric which some critics have judged to be empty, at least in part because of the overextension and inconsistent use of this word. We review the emergence of the concept of Information, identify a number of dimensions of similarity and difference in the way that...

Evaluation in the study of collaborative computing systems is a tender plant. Part of the problem lies in the multiplicity of paradigms and research cultures brought to bear upon CSCW, and part lies in the relative weakness of evaluators, compared with others, in the overall struggle for project resources. The paper illustrates these problems from...

Management of time and commitments is a central problem for high-discretion employees in the information society. A variety of conventions have evolved for the representation of time in calendars, diaries, and project management packages. Yet current time management products remain very close to paper-based conventions with respect to their support...

The concept of the Virtual Software Corporation (VSC) has recently become a practical reality as a result of advances in communication and distributed technologies. However, there are significant difficulties with the management of the software development process within a VSC. The main problem is the significantly increased communicational complex...

This paper presents two studies of the use of the WWW in Scottish universities and American land-grant universities. First, we investigated the relationship between the organisational profile of a university department in Scotland and its structural connectivity on the WWW. A Spearman rank order correlation analysis revealed a number of strong corr...

The aim of this paper is to present initial findings in evaluating specific requirements for software process improvement in geographically distributed processes and suggest possible solution approaches. A case study was designed with the purpose of identifying key issues of successful software development in a geographically distributed environmen...

Research in software engineering has addressed modelling of the software development process, evaluation of the individual software development organisation's process, and development of programmes and methods of process improvement. As a consequence, software process improvement (SPI) has become an established specialism within software engineerin...

“Role” is a significant theoretical concept for CSCW in general and for Business Process Reengineering in particular; it is closely connected with concepts of rights and duties on the one hand, and on the other hand with implicit and intuitive approaches to situated action. This paper explores some issues and ambiguities associated with the concept...

In view of the central role that written text plays in many forms of professional collaboration, support for joint or multiple authorship is a significant issue for computer supported collaborative work (CSCW). Design of systems for collaborative writing will need to take into account an array of social factors and social practices that are commonl...

This chapter presents a computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) perspective of HICOM, the communications and information service of the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community in the UK. It outlines the perceived needs of the professions, industry practitioners and researchers which gave rise to the establishment of HICOM, situates these need...

The low uptake of computer text conferencing, despite its unique functionality, suggests that developers of this technology have paid insufficient attention to human factors. In Ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering) the study of untoward events such as user errors, systems failures and disasters is a widely-used and fruitful research strategy. Ano...

Newman, J & Newman, R (1992) Three modes of collaborative authoring. In Holt, P & Williams, N (eds) Computers and Writing: State of the Art. Oxford: Intellect. Dordrecht & Boston: Kluwer. Pages 20-29. While computer aids to writing are increasingly embraced by individual authors, remote online collaborative authoring remains very much the exceptio...

While computer aids to writing are increasingly embraced by individual authors, remote on-line collaborative authoring remains very much the exception and is generally motivated by enthusiasm for exploring new media, rather than by intrinsic benefits. This paper reviews the development of on-line collaboration systems, analyses the process of co-op...

HICOM is an information and communication service for researchers and practitioners in the field of human computer interaction. The paper reviews the use of HICOM to support the exchange of ideas and information, and discusses the future of such cooperative electronic communities in terms of the concept of the `Collaboratory'. It also looks at the...

Sociological debates on Information Technology and work have emphasized internal control and productivity. The literature addressed to top management, on the other hand, typically presents the improvement of productivity as a relatively minor consideration, but emphasizes the role of information itself as a key resource. 'Efficiency' (i.e. producti...

This chapter presents a software architecture and implementation to support in-service product configuration management applicable to both the automotive and aerospace industries. In both these industry sectors it is now feasible, with emerging technologies such as telematic systems and OSGi, to implement a distributed and integrated information sy...

This project aims to develop and implement an infrastructure for retail environments which will support and facilitate the shopping experience in all its forms, whether planned or ad-hoc. The system will allow users to be reminded of shopping needs, alerted for items of possible interest and dynamically manage their shopping tasks according to the...

In this paper we present the concept of Incidental Mobile Healthcare, as part of a design background to inform the development of mobile applications whose primary purpose is not to provide healthcare. We discuss how non-health related applications could be used as hosts to provide incidental healthcare information (healthy info-snacks) to support...

Product Configuration Management (PCM) is an important issue for com- plex products that present a long lifecycle. During this long product lifecy- cle, change requirements may arise from any stage for product evolution or problem correction. This paper introduces a change management process model developed in the DIECoM project for the aerospace a...