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Publications (63)
Previous research investigating the UK economy impacts of introducing a new Scottish CO 2 Transport and Storage (T&S) industry linked to carbon capture and storage (CCS) has focussed on supply chain and funding requirements in introducing such a new sector to service proximate Scottish industrial emissions via onshore pipelines. However, Scottish p...
Government and industry in oil and gas producing nations are increasingly considering development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) as both a deep emissions reduction solution and route to transitioning extraction supply chains. We develop a computable general equilibrium model of the UK economy to investigate the economy-wide impacts of introduc...
The UK Government and British industries are making important efforts for the development and implementation of carbon capture, transport and storage (CCTS). Critical to this will be an understanding of the composition and characteristics of the industrial clusters and of the costs for the CCTS systems. However, the available literature presents a...
Policy makers in a number of nations are currently developing carbon capture and storage (CCS) as an industrial decarbonisation solution, linking capture potential in industry clusters to domestic or overseas offshore storage capacity. However, the design, focus and timeframe for policy support are proving challenging in countries like the UK, wher...
This paper proposes a new multiplier metric to understand the value contribution of industries. We build on the conventional input output employment and income multiplier methods familiar to policy makers and academic research communities to propose a ‘wage premium’ multiplier that facilitates focus on the quality of employment embedded in supply c...
A large deployment of energy storage solutions will be required by the stochastic and non-controllable nature of most renewable energy sources when planning for higher penetration of renewable electricity into the energy mix. Various solutions have been suggested for dealing with medium-and long-term energy storage. Hydrogen and ammonia are two of...
In previous work, the vessel relocation methodology for a single steel catenary riser (SCR) was developed to extend the fatigue life of the SCR touchdown zone (TDZ). The method was developed considering symmetrical vessel relocation programs, where the vessel offsets about the nominal station in all directions is equal. However, in actual field app...
The development of seabed trench by the steel catenary riser (SCR) touch-down zone (TDZ) in its early life can be caused by installation loads, direct hydrodynamic loads, and vessel first and second-order motions on the SCR. This paper presents a numerical technique by which pre-trench can be initiated for fatigue response calculations during SCR d...
In 2021, the UK Government commenced a ‘cluster sequencing’ initiative to identify early movers in delivering carbon transport and storage (T&S) services to proximate regional industry clusters with capture potential. A Scottish proposition focussed primarily on linking the Grangemouth industry cluster to North Sea storage, and the potential to tra...
This work is focused on developing a formal optimisation approach to the vessel relocation program for steel catenary riser (SCR) touch down zone (TDZ) fatigue management. Vessel relocation is the planned repositioning of the vessel within the acceptable limit of the riser design to help spread and reduce the fatigue damage over the SCR TDZ. There...
The expansion of a deepwater brownfield may become necessary to increase the production of hydrocarbons. Such expansion often requires the installation of additional risers to the existing floating production platform. However, the seabed footprint of the existing facilities may be congested with existing subsea pipelines and structures. Tying back...
It is observed from field monitoring data of installed steel catenary risers (SCRs) that deep trenches are formed around their touch down zone (TDZ) shortly after installation. The development of trench in the early life of SCR may be caused by installation loads, direct hydrodynamic loads and vessel first and second-order motion imposed on the SCR...
Buried pipelines transporting dense phase Carbon dioxide CO2 are crucial to carbon reduction and climate change mitigating technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS). One of the major challenges for optimum pipeline operating conditions is to avoid phase change of the compressed CO2 and m...
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technically feasible deep decarbonisation solution. Still it is not widely adopted, arguably due to some basic political economy and policy challenges. One issue is the large infrastructure needs of transporting and storing CO2. However, a more fundamental challenge in the current UK industrial policy landscape...
Many nations have committed to midcentury net zero carbon emissions targets in line with the 2015 Paris Agreement. These require systemic transition in how people live and do business in different local areas and regions within nations. Indeed, in recognition of the climate challenge, many regional and city authorities have set their own net zero t...
Steel lazy wave riser (SLWR) is derived from the simple catenary riser (SCR) by the installation of buoyancy modules on its section. Infinite SLWR configurations are possible, and this poses difficulties in determining the best configuration. However, it is possible to capture some suitable configurations which satisfy some given design criteria sp...
Several factors can affect the response of steel catenary risers (SCR) around its touch down zone (TDZ). These include the stiffness of the soil, the soil suction force on the riser TDZ, the soil degradation with cyclic TDZ loading, etc. Riser strength and fatigue response computation are usually performed considering flat seabed and with the use o...
Mechanical damage is recognized as a problem that reduces the performance of oil and gas pipelines and has been the subject of continuous research. The artificial neural network in the spotlight recently is expected to be another solution to solve the problems relating to the pipelines. The deep neural network, which is on the basis of artificial n...
Pipeline heat transfer modelling of buried pipelines is integral to the design and operation of onshore pipelines to aid the reduction of flow assurance challenges such as carbon dioxide (CO2) gas hydrate formation during pipeline transportation of dense phase CO2 in carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications. In CO2 pipelines for CCS, there are...
Accurate prediction of the burst pressure of a pipeline is critical for pipeline design and safe operation. It is usually achieved by using analytical and empirical formulae derived from theoretical, numerical and experimental methods.
This study was carried out to develop a new methodology to predict the burst pressure for API 5L X grade flawless...
As countries around the world face the monumental challenge of transitioning to low or net zero carbon economies, there is an important opportunity for public policy and political science learnings and models to underpin crucial shifts in policy strategies and decision-making in an arena dominated to date by technical thinking and problem-solving....
The applicability of the flow stress dependent NG-18 equations to thick wall pipelines such as those used to transport dense phase carbon dioxide (CO2) is demonstrated. A comparison between the components of the NG-18 equations and BS 7910 shows that the factor MT for though-wall defects and MP for part-wall defects in the NG-18 equations are very...
A novel riser concept is being investigated. This is the branched riser system (BRS) with different configuration types including the branched steel catenary riser (BSCR), the branched steel lazy wave riser (BSLWR) and the branched lazy wave hybrid riser (BLWHR). As part of the design and operational requirement for riser systems, riser interferenc...
In Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage (CCUS) schemes, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is captured from large scale industrial emitters and transported to geological sites for storage. The most efficient method for the transportation of CO2 is via pipeline in the dense phase. CO2 is a hazardous substance which, in the unlikely event of an accidental release, co...
A new riser system concept is being investigated for deep-water application. This is the Branched Riser Systems with its three types: the Branched Steel Catenary Riser (BSCR) System, the Branched Steel Lazy Wave Riser (BSLWR) System and the Branched Lazy Wave Hybrid Riser (BLWHR) Systems. The branched riser system consists of a large bore pipe, whi...
This paper investigates the flexibility that exists within a dense phase carbon dioxide (CO2) pipeline system to accommodate upset conditions in the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) network by utilising the pipeline as a storage vessel whilst still maintaining flow into the pipeline. This process is defined in the pipeline industry as “line-packing...
This paper discusses considerations for the design of flexibly operated Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) pipeline networks and is based on the findings of the Flexible CCS Network Development project (FleCCSnet), funded as part of the UK CCS Research Centre. The project considered the impact of flexibility across the whole CCS chain, as well as stu...
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) schemes will necessarily involve the transportation of large volumes of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the capture source of the CO2 to the storage or utilisation site. It is likely that the majority of the onshore transportation of CO2 will be through buried pipelines. Although onshore CO2 pipelines have been operationa...
One of the major challenges faced in fatigue assessment today is determining the stress concentration factor ‘SCF’ associated with the dents, which are used with appropriate SN curves to determine the fatigue life. This historically has been determined empirically or by using finite element analysis.
This paper presents finite element analysis on a...
Planning for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) infrastructure needs to address the impact of store uncertainties and store flow variability on infrastructure costs and availability. Key geological storage properties (pressure, temperature, depth and permeability) can affect injectivity and lead to variations in CO2 flow, which feed back into the pip...
The impurities present in carbon dioxide (CO2) streams for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) schemes are extremely important for CO2 pipeline and ship transportation affecting, for instance, the range of operation, safety considerations, fracture, cracking, corrosion control, dispersion in the event of a release, fluid density, operating pressure an...
One of the key aspects relating to the transportation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) for climate change mitigation as part of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) schemes is the composition of the CO2 stream to be transported. The specification of this stream has both technical and economic implications and, as CCS schemes start to become realis...
Transporting anthropogenic C02 in pipelines, either in dense phase or gaseous phase, is an essential component in the practical realisation of carbon capture and storage (CCS).Whichever phase is considered,the likelihood and severity of internal degradation mechanisms arising from C02 transportation under normal operating conditions and under proce...
Transporting anthropogenic CO2 in pipelines is an essential component in the realisation and implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Transportation of dense CO2 has generally been the preferred economic solution, but projects in the United Kingdom (UK) have also considered transportation of gaseous CO2. Whichever option is selected, pro...
The main focus of this paper is on techno-economic modeling and analysis of CO2 pipelines, as it strives to develop a thorough understanding of the essential fluid-mechanics variables involved in modeling and analysis of such pipelines. The authors investigate and analyze the reasons behind the variations in the techno-economic results generated fr...
Flexible pipes are used for risers and flowlines in the offshore industry and in other applications. During flexible pipe construction, tensile armour wires are incorporated to resist longitudinal stresses which arise during installation and in service. Recent research on predicting the fracture behaviour of wires has employed a classical fracture...
Flexible pipes are used for risers and flowlines in the offshore industry. Tensile armour wires provide the flexible pipe's resistance to longitudinal stresses which arise during installation and in service. BS EN ISO13628-2: 2006 recommends that the surface of the as-formed tensile armour layers should be checked for scratches. However, the standa...
This chapter examines the causes of external and internal corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in onshore gas and hazardous liquid gathering and transmission pipelines. Based on an analysis of the cause of corrosion, it is then shown how risk-based inspection and maintenance strategies are used in the pipeline industry to identify, manage, and c...
This Chapter focuses on technical issues related to the transport of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a transport infrastructure for CO2 capture and storage designed for climate change mitigation. Naturally occurring CO2 has been transported for enhanced oil recovery in the USA and canada for many years now and the practice is well understood. However, ther...
As in-line inspection tools improve, dents that would have been below the detection and reporting levels of previous inspections are now being detected and reported to pipeline operators. Consequently, operators are being faced with large numbers of dents in ILI reports that require further consideration and are left with the problem of how to prio...
Climate change has been attributed to green house gases, with carbon dioxide (CO2 ) being the main contributor. Sixty to seventy percent of carbon dioxide emissions originate from fossil fuel power plants. Power companies in the UK, along with oil and gas field operators, are proposing to capture this anthropogenic CO2 and either store it in deplet...
Dent damage in pipelines may result from either impact damage caused by third parties or construction damage. Third party damage generally occurs on the upper half of the pipe (between the 8 o’clock and 4 o’clock positions) and has historically contributed to the highest number of pipeline failures. Dents caused during construction generally occur...
Climate change has been attributed to greenhouse gases with carbon dioxide (CO2 ) being the major contributor. Most of these CO2 emissions originate from the burning of fossil fuels (e.g. power plants). Governments and industry worldwide are now proposing to capture CO2 from their power plants and either store it in depleted reservoirs or saline aq...
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has been receiving increasing recognition as a short to medium term measure for closing the energy gap whilst a portfolio of carbon neutral technologies is developed to provide power for the UK. This has been accompanied by an increasing political will and a developing policy framework to achieve it. If the UK is se...
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is recognised as having a significant role to play in reducing carbon dioxide emissions and tackling climate change. In CCS schemes, carbon dioxide is captured from anthropogenic sources and transported to suitable sites either for EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) or storage. Globally, the largest source of CO2 is from p...
One of the requirements of a comprehensive pipeline Integrity Management Plan (IMP) is the establishment of safe and cost effective re-assessment intervals for the chosen assessment method, either Direct Assessment (DA), In-Line Inspection (ILI) or hydrotesting. For pipelines where the major threat is external or internal corrosion, the determinati...
Corrosion growth rates are an invaluable input into pipeline corrosion management strategies as they allow operators to better define and plan future rehabilitation and operating regimes. However, guidance on estimating future corrosion growth rates is limited. Pll have developed inspection run comparison software (runCom) which provides a direct,...
When Cr–Mo steel is joined to mild steel and the joint held at an elevated temperature the carbon tends to migrate from the mild steel to the Cr–Mo alloy. This migration is driven by the higher chemical potential of carbon in the mild steel, and leads to a steady accumulation of carbon in the Cr–Mo steel at the weld junction. The present work demon...
The committee shall give an overview about new developments in the field of ship and offshore materials and fabrication techniques with focus on trends which are highly relevant for practical applications in the industry in the recent and coming years. Particular emphasis shall be given to the impact of welding and corrosion protection techniques o...