Julia K. Laystrom-Woodard- MS Aerospace Engineering
- Researcher at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Julia K. Laystrom-Woodard
- MS Aerospace Engineering
- Researcher at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Publications (32)
The CU Aerospace/VACCO Industries Propulsion Unit for CubeSats (PUC) was developed as a medium thrust, medium impulse thruster system to enable CubeSat orbital maneuvering, formation flying, and rendezvous. The 0.25U PUC casing is all-welded titanium, a n d comes fully integrated with all necessary propulsion subsystems, including controller, power...
We present quantitative analysis of image sequences of multi-stream injection nozzle flows with several different injection
geometries in an experiment simulating mixing in a chemical oxygen-iodine laser. To visualize mixing, image sequences were
acquired with planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) in iodine that was injected into the main flow....
A variant of an ejector-mixing nozzle for a chemical oxygen–iodine laser was experimentally tested with notched starlet ejectors. Cold-flow planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements indicated that the starlets provide faster mixing. Hot-flow testing demonstrated that the starlet design improved laser performance by 20–30% above the basic cylin...
Recent advances in the effort to demonstrate the propulsion capabilities of a microcavity discharge (MCD) thruster are discussed. The MCD thruster is being developed primarily through an experimental effort with support from computational modeling, and predicts an ultimate performance of 1 mN of thrust per cavity, a thrust efficiency exceeding 60%,...
A variant of an ejector mixing nozzle for a chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) was experimentally tested with notched "starlet" ejectors. Cold flow planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements indicate that the starlets provide faster mixing. Hot flow testing demonstrated that the starlet design improved laser performance by 20-30% above...
The mechanisms of the mixing between separate flows are of high interest in order to increase the efficiency of processes that rely on well mixed flows. Mixing of three flows was examined, where two of the flows were in an underexpanded state, and the third near-ideally expanded. One of the underexpanded flows served as a driver gas for the mixing...
The mechanisms of the mixing between separate flows are of high interest in order to increase the efficiency of processes that rely on well mixed flows, such as combustion. In this paper, Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), in two perpendicular planes, of an Iodine-seeded flow was used to visualize and quantify the mixing of three flows due t...
Laser action at 1315 nm on the I( 2 P1/2) → I( 2 P3/2) transition of atomic iodine has been obtained by a near resonant energy transfer from O2(a 1 ∆) produced using a low-pressure electric discharge. In the electric discharge oxygen-iodine laser (ElectricOIL) the discharge production of atomic oxygen, ozone, and other excited species adds signific...
Recent experiments have led to improvements in the hybrid Electric Oxygen-Iodine Laser (ElectricOIL) system that significantly increased the discharge performance, supersonic cavity gain, and laser power output. The continuous wave laser operating on the I( 2 P 1/2 ) → I( 2 P 3/2 ) transition of atomic iodine at 1315 nm was pumped by the production...
In the hybrid electric discharge Oxygen-Iodine laser (ElectricOIL), the
desired O2(a1Δ) is produced using a
low-to-medium pressure electric discharge. The discharge production of
atomic oxygen, ozone, and other excited species adds higher levels of
complexity to the post-discharge kinetics which are not encountered in a
classic purely chemical O2(a...
A fuel cell (FC) using liquid fuel and oxidizer is under investigation. H2O2 is used in this FC directly at the cathode. Either of two types of reactant, namely a gas-phase hydrogen or an aqueous NaBH4 solution, are utilized as fuel at the anode. Experiments demonstrate that the direct utilization of H2O2 and NaBH4 at the electrodes results in >30%...
Recent experiments have led to improvements in the hybrid Electric Oxygen-Iodine Laser (ElectricOIL) system that significantly increased the discharge performance, supersonic cavity gain, and laser power output. The continuous wave laser operating on the I(2P1/2) → I(2P3/2) transition of atomic iodine at 1315 nm was pumped by the production of O2(a...
A fuel cell (FC) using liquid fuel and oxidizer is under investigation. H2O2 is used in this FC directly at the cathode. Either of two types of
reactant, namely a gas-phase hydrogen or an aqueous NaBH4 solution, are utilized as fuel at the anode. Experiments demonstrate that the direct utilization of H2O2 and NaBH4 at the electrodes results in >30%...
Herein the authors report on the demonstration of a continuous-wave laser in subsonic flow on the 1315 nm transition of atomic iodine using the energy transferred to I() from O2(a ) produced by a radio-frequency-excited electric discharge. The electric discharge was sustained in an O2–He–NO gas mixture. Downstream of the discharge, cold gas injecti...
Recent experiments have led to improvements in the hybrid Electric Oxygen-Iodine Laser (ElectricOIL) system that significantly increased the laser power output. The continuous wave laser operating on the I(2P 1/2) → I(2P3/2) transition of atomic iodine at 1315 nm was pumped by the production of O2(a 1Δ) in a radio-frequency discharge in a He/O2 mix...
In this paper we report on studies of a continuous wave laser at 1315 nm on the I( 2 P 1/2 ) → I( 2 P 3/2 ) transition of atomic iodine where the O 2 (a 1 Δ) used to pump the iodine was produced by a radio frequency excited electric discharge. The electric discharge was sustained in He/O 2 gas mixtures upstream of a supersonic cavity which is emplo...
In this paper we report on studies of a continuous wave laser at 1315 nm on the I( 2 P 1/2 ) → I( 2 P 3/2 ) transition of atomic iodine where the O 2 (a 1 Δ) used to pump the iodine was produced by a radio frequency excited electric discharge. The electric discharge was sustained in He/O 2 and Ar/O 2 gas mixtures upstream of a supersonic cavity whi...
Laser action at 1315 nm on the I (<sup>2</sup>P<sub>1/2</sub>)→ I (<sup>2</sup>P<sub>3/2</sub>) transition of atomic iodine is conventionally obtained by a near-resonant energy transfer from O <sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δ) which is produced using wet-solution chemistry. The difficulties in chemically producing O <sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δ) has moti...
Laser action at 1315 nm on the I(<sup>2</sup>P<sub>1</sub>2/)→I(<sup>2</sup>P<sub>3</sub>2/) transition of atomic iodine is conventionally obtained by a near-resonant energy transfer from O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δ) which is produced using wet-solution chemistry. The system difficulties of chemically producing O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δ) have m...
Laser action at 1315 nm on the I(<sup>2</sup>P<sub>1/2</sub>)→I(<sup>2</sup>P<sub>3/2</sub>) transition of atomic iodine is conventionally obtained by a near-resonant energy transfer from O <sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δ) , which is produced using wet-solution chemistry. The system difficulties of chemically producing O <sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δ) ha...
As the development of the electric discharge iodine laser continues, the role of oxygen atoms downstream of the discharge region was found to be very significant. One of the largest uncertainties is the rate of quenching of I* by O atoms. We have taken a series of measurements of O 2 ( 1 Δ) emission, I* emission, O-atom titrations, gain/absorption,...
Engineers at CU Aerospace (CUA) and The University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana (UIUC) have developed an innovation to the classical chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) singlet oxygen generator (SOG) based on discharge excitation of molecular oxygen. A number density of ~2.1x10 15 of O2( 1 Σ) was measured for a total O2 flow rate of 7 mmol/s and...
Proof-of-concept efforts to demonstrate the propulsion capabilities of microcavity plasma discharges through design and fabrication of a Microcavity Discharge (MCD) thruster are discussed. The primary goal is to design and fabricate a MCD thruster and to demonstrate that the MCD thruster can ultimately achieve performance levels of 1 mN per cavity,...
In this paper, we report on studies of a continuous-wave laser at 1315 nm on the I(2 P 1 2) I(2 P 3 2) transition of atomic iodine where the O 2 (1 1) used to pump the iodine was produced by a radio frequency excited electric discharge. The electric discharge was sustained in He–O 2 and Ar–O 2 gas mix-tures upstream of a supersonic cavity which is...
The UltraSail spacecraft can potentially achieve square-kilometer sail areas by deploying sail blades between satellites separated by as much as 5000 m. In the UltraSail version, the spacecraft spins about a central hub to flatten the blades against photon pressure, supported by tip-satellites. The sail is launched in a rolled-up "window-shade" con...
The microcavity discharge (MCD) thruster provides the high efficiency, low specific impulse performance needed for maneuvering and control of nanosatellites with masses of less than 10 kg. The MCD heats gaseous propellants to ~1500 K and accelerates the flow in a conventional nozzle of modest Reynolds number, achieving specific impulse in the range...
