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Introduction
Publications
Publications (65)
Managing fisheries to meet social, economic and ecological objectives is a fundamental problem encountered in fisheries management worldwide. In Australia, fisheries management involves a complex set of national and subnational policy arrangements, including those designed to deliver against ecologically sustainable development (ESD) objectives. Th...
Construction and operation of research stations present the most pronounced human impacts on the Antarctic continent across a wide range of environmental values. Despite Antarctic Treaty Parties committing themselves to comprehensive protection of the environment, data on the spatial extent of impacts from their activities have been limited. To qua...
Footprint has become a common term in environmental research in Antarctica, yet after 25 years there is still no certainty about what it refers to. In relation to Antarctica, the closest definition has been ‘the spatial extent and intensity of disturbance’. Yet there is still confusion around what a ‘disturbance’ footprint is actually measuring. Th...
Research stations in Antarctica are concentrated on scarce ice-free habitats. Operating these stations in the harsh Antarctic climate provides many challenges, including the need to handle bulk fuel and cargo increasing the risk of environmental incidents. We examined 195 reports of environmental incidents from the Australian Antarctic Program, spa...
Establishing a network of marine-protected areas (MPAs) in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) is viewed as an important measure to protect marine biodiversity. To date 12 MPAs have been established: two in the Southern Ocean and 10 in the North-East Atlantic region, and more are proposed. The Southern Ocean MPAs were adopted by Members of th...
This book aims to update the last volume, Disappearing Destinations (2011), and presents new cases that discuss current threats and consequences of climate change predictions on coastal tourism destinations. In this context, predicted changes and implications for management and policy at such destinations are assessed. The book chapters are divided...
Traditionally, the ‘social licence to operate’ (SLO) refers to the societal expectations imposed on corporate and commercial activities, often displayed by the willingness for corporations to go beyond the requirements of formal regulations. Alternatively, this paper investigates the emerging influence of the SLO in shaping government decisions reg...
In 2000, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted a new requirement for all international and cargo ships exceeding a certain size, and all passenger ships, to carry Automatic Identification System (AIS) transponders capable of providing information about the ship to other ships and to coastal authorities automatically. The requirement...
Over the last decade, there have been several proposals attempting to establish marine protected areas (MPAs) within the Southern Ocean under the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CAMLR Convention). However, despite much work undertaken by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (C...
Marine telemetry expands the knowledge of the biology of marine species at risk: their life cycles, activities, interactions, habitats, and threats. Four seal species in Canada and Australia are faced with distinctive and divergent management problems. This article examines their conservation status, legal protection, and the role that telemetry ha...
National Antarctic Programmes do not have a strict legal obligation to remediate the Antarctic environment following human activity. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the "Madrid Protocol") obliges parties to conduct environmental impact assessments to prevent adverse impacts on the polar environment and to "clean up...
This proof of concept paper seeks to determine whether monitoring maritime activities in the European High Arctic by satellite-based Automatic Identification System (AIS) can enhance polar search and rescue (SAR) by building an accurate temporal and spatial profile of the fleet of ships operating there. It quantifies maritime activities in three re...
Fire danger has increased in recent decades, and is projected to increase further with global warming. We assessed the regional changes in fire danger that are projected to occur in Tasmania through to 2100 under a high emissions scenario. In contrast with previous continental–scale studies which show little change in Tasmanian fire danger, our res...
Four broad categories of human activities that presently threaten Antarctic wildlife in the Antarctic were identified: (1) tourism and non-governmental activities, (2) scientific research, (3) commercial fisheries and (4) whaling. Two further broad categories of threats that originate from multiple forms of human activities are: (1) shipping-relate...
Antarctic tourism is mainly ship-based and managed on a day-to-day basis by the industry using guidelines for behaviour designed specifically for tourist sites. Regulation comes mainly from international shipping law. There are increasing concerns about climate change, shipping accidents and growing tourist numbers, prompting calls for stricter gov...
http://theconversation.com/in-conversation-what-does-the-future-hold-for-antarctica-28607
A mandatory international code for safer shipping, which in turn will help protect vulnerable marine environments in polar waters, is imminent. It began life as recommendatory guidelines from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to apply only to ships in Arctic waters. But a request from the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties prompted t...
While Australia's commitment to a 20-year plan for Antarctica has
This week, Japan announced a research plan for its New Scientific
In response to an intense social media campaign led by international conservation groups, Green politicians, and recreational fishers, the Australian government imposed a moratorium on the operations of a large factory trawler. This moratorium overrode the government's own independent fisheries management process by making amendments to its key env...
The de-registration and departure from Australia of the large factory fishing vessel (also called the ‘super trawler’) Abel Tasman in mid-March 2013 ended a period of heightened controversy in Australian fisheries management and policy. The Abel Tasman, previously named the Margiris, reported to be the world’s second largest fishing vessel, was pur...
In their Policy Forum “Challenges to the future conservation of the Antarctic” (13 July, p. [158][1]), S. L. Chown et al. discuss concerns about the Antarctic Treaty System's (ATS's) ability to navigate future challenges. We believe ATS has demonstrated that it is both robust and adaptable.
Antarctic commentary is usually full of superlatives when describing 50 years of the Antarctic Treaty and the subsequent system that was developed by its Parties. Primarily this is because the Antarctic Treaty itself has lasted so long, and appears to be robust and enduring. This short paper looks at what is on the horizon for the Parties to the va...
Biological prospecting is being undertaken in the Antarctic and, as novel material starts to yield significantly higher commercial rewards, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties might decide to regulate it through the Antarctic Treaty System. This will be problematic since activities are already being undertaken, patents have been filed and pro...
Before 1998, concern was raised over the potential for human activities in Antarctica to introduce infectious disease organisms to native wildlife. A workshop was held that year to address this issue. In the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in human traffic to the Antarctic and the number of commercial tourists visiting the Antarctic...
This chapter describes the nature and scope of government operations in the Antarctic, touching briefly on the sub-Antarctic
islands and also on the growing non-government tourism industry. Its aim is to provide the context for estimating the overall
size and impression of the human footprint (i.e. the spatial extent of disturbance) and the degree...
In the great whaling debate, fuelled twice yearly by the annual International Whaling Commission meeting and the departure of the Japanese research fleet for the Southern Ocean, silliness knows no bounds. 2008 was no exception, as the Southern Ocean again became the location of protest action (sometimes provocative and potentially life-threatening)...
The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf has granted Australia extended continental shelf areas around two of its sub-Antarctic island groups, and these extend into the Antarctic Treaty area. The overlap potentially raises conflict between Australian and Antarctic interests. Australia's submission included and expressly excluded Antarc...
At the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) in Edinburgh in June
2006, a proposal to de-list fur seals ( Arctocephalus sp.) from special protection
was accepted. This is the first time the Antarctic Treaty Parties have
substantively reviewed their 40-year-old legal regime for special protection of
a listed species. Before the Parties could...
There has been recent discussion on the abandonment of sovereignty in the Arctic and territorial and marine claims in Antarctica in the interests of redefining these regions into global commons with joint management. Global commons refers to a region, or group of valued resources, protected from exploitation in the interests of the global populatio...
Nanotechnology seems likely to contribute the latest in a long line of "exotic" introductions into the Antarctic, through both natural global dispersal mechanisms and human agency. Whilst the significance, and particularly the specific risks, of nanomaterials in Antarctica are presently unclear, if generic concerns about environmental and health ri...
Operators of tourism activities in the Antarctic will soon be legally required to hold adequate insurance for emergency search and rescue. This may push some operators underground because they cannot afford to pay. The intent of the new law is to encourage compliance with tourism best practice and self-sufficiency. In the East Antarctic, maritime s...
This article discusses the significance of Antarctic gateway ports, and identifies the key issues and challenges in developing East Antarctic tourism, especially through the port of Hobart. Recent opportunities have emerged through increased ship-borne and pending air-borne capacity from Hobart, and a network of government and private agencies have...
Conservation of the high seas marine environment poses a significant challenge to policy-makers and managers. Marine conservation efforts are often hindered by the lack of data and the difficulties in addressing multiple, and typically conflicting uses. The majority of extant Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are in coastal or tropical regions within n...
Australia has had a long connection with, and significant national interests in, the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. The Australian Antarctic Territory comprises 42 per cent of Antarctica's landmass. Australia is not only a claimant state and original signatory to the Antarctic Treaty but has played a significant role in the development of what is t...
One day inside its 10-year deadline, Australia made a submission to the Commission on the Limits of the
Continental Shelf (CLCS) delimiting the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (nm) from the baselines (the ‘‘extended continental shelf’’). In the Executive Summary of its submission, the Australian government emphasized...
Discussions about the management of non-governmental activities in Antarctica have been handicapped by a lack of clarity in terminology. The term ‘tourism,’ for example, is used in a catch-all manner to describe activities as widely divergent and incommensurable as overflights by commercial jetliners and solo ski traverses of the ice cap. Recent de...
Modern environmental research is typically governed by a number of protocols designed to embrace the epistemological and ethical values of society. These protocols evolve in response to changing values, and few disciplines in environmental science have received as much attention as biological conservation. This paper describes the events leading to...
Australia will include the Australian Antarctic Territory in its November 2004 submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. It is the first Claimant State to attempt delimitation of an extended continental shelf zone there. This paper investigates the complexity of Australia's Antarctic maritime boundaries from political, le...
