Jukka Riekki

University of Oulu · Department of Computer Science and Engineering

We propose mobile agents for enabling interoperability and global intelligence with smart objects in the Internet of Things, with heterogeneous low-power resource-constrained devices where the systems span over disparate networks and protocols. As the Internet of Things systems are in continuous transition, requiring software adaptation and system...

The development of Internet of Things (IoT) applications can be facilitated by encoding the meaning of the data in the messages sent by IoT nodes, but the constrained resources of these nodes challenge the common Semantic Web solutions for doing this. In this article, we examine enabling technologies for adding semantics to the IoT. Especially, we...

In this paper, we describe the design process and early experiences of the Activity Pad, an interactive digital artifact for active learning environments. The pad combines a 4x6 grid of programmable NFC readers together with printed sheets of A4-sized paper to allow teacher-driven creation of interactive learning applications featuring application-...

Near Field Communication (NFC) technology was developed for mobile devices from RFID technology. It enables new kinds of learning applications that are based on touching objects with phones. When an object is touched, a phone reads data from the object’s NFC tag. An application interprets the data and acts consequently. We report our first pilot st...

Generative AI is regarded as a major disruption to software development. Platforms, repositories, clouds, and the automation of tools and processes have been proven to improve productivity, cost, and quality. Generative AI, with its rapidly expanding capabilities, is a major step forward in this field. As a new key enabling technology, it can be us...

Capacitated spatial clustering, a type of unsupervised machine learning method, is often used to tackle problems in compressing data, classification, logistic optimization and infrastructure optimization. Depending on the application at hand, a multitude of extensions to the clustering problem may be necessary. In this article, we propose a number...

This paper proposes the neural publish/subscribe paradigm, a novel approach to orchestrating AI workflows in large-scale distributed AI systems in the computing continuum. Traditional centralized broker methodologies are increasingly struggling with managing the data surge resulting from the proliferation of 5G systems, connected devices, and ultra...

We present an interdisciplinary survey of the history of loosely coupled systems. We apply the presented concepts in communication networks and suggest hybrid self-organizing networks (SONs) as a universal model for future networks. Self-organizing networks can fulfill the tight requirements of future networks but are challenging to use due to thei...

Future AI applications require performance, reliability and privacy that the existing, cloud-dependant system architectures cannot provide. In this article, we study orchestration in the device-edge-cloud continuum, and focus on AI for edge, that is, the AI methods used in resource orchestration. We claim that to support the constantly growing requ...

Location-allocation and partitional spatial clustering both deal with spatial data, seemingly from different viewpoints. Partitional clustering analyses data points by partitioning them into separate groups, while location-allocation places facilities in locations that best meet the needs of demand points. However, both partitional clustering and l...

Capacitated spatial clustering, a type of unsupervised machine learning method, is often used to tackle problems in compressing, classifying, logistic optimization and infrastructure optimization. Depending on the application at hand, a wide set of extensions may be necessary in clustering. In this article we propose a number of novel extensions...

The deployment of edge computing infrastructure requires a careful placement of the edge servers, with an aim to improve application latencies and reduce data transfer load in opportunistic Internet of Things systems. In the edge server placement, it is important to consider computing capacity, available deployment budget, and hardware requirements...

We propose a vision for directing research and education in the field of information and communications technology (ICT). Our Smart and Sustainable World vision targets prosperity for the people and the planet through better awareness and control of both human-made and natural environments. The needs of society, individuals, and industries are fulf...

Spatiotemporal interpolation provides estimates of observations in unobserved locations and time slots. In smart cities, interpolation helps to provide a fine-grained contextual and situational understanding of the urban environment, in terms of both short-term (e.g., weather, air quality, traffic) or long term (e.g., crime, demographics) spatio-te...

The growing network density and unprecedented increase in network traffic, caused by the massively expanding number of connected devices and online services, require intelligent network operations. Machine Learning (ML) has been applied in this regard in different types of networks and networking technologies to meet the requirements of future comm...

There is an increased interest to integrate STEAM methodologies and digital fabrication processes into formal education. However, teachers have repeatedly reported a set of impediments that hampers them to succeed. This integration requires a set of changes in the school organization, resourcing and a proper teacher training. A Community of Practic...

Children provide innovative insights and perspectives when designing and evaluating prospective technologies and interaction methods. However, working with children as design informants requires careful consideration of the methodologies used in different steps of the design process. In this paper, we present our insights on a case-study of a desig...

Advances in technology and data analysis provide rich opportunities for developing intelligent environments assisting their inhabitants, so-called smart environments or smart spaces. Enhanced with technology, sensors, user interfaces, and various applications, such smart spaces are capable of recognizing users and situations they are in, react acco...

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects smart devices to enable various intelligent services. The deployment of IoT encounters several challenges, such as difficulties in controlling and managing IoT applications and networks, problems in programming existing IoT devices, long service provisioning time, underused resources, as well as complexity, iso...

Mist computing leverages Internet of Things applications to the IoT devices at the edges of the networks. The dynamic characteristics of the IoT environment and resource limitations make the orchestration of the mist platform difficult. In this paper, we present a hybrid resource discovery solution for mist, with IETF CoRE Resource Directories depl...

In this article, we study the scaling up of edge computing deployments. In edge computing, deployments are scaled up by adding more computational capacity atop the initial deployment, as deployment budgets allow. However, without careful consideration, adding new servers may not improve proximity to the mobile users, crucial for the Quality of Expe...

Mixed reality (MR) applications are expected to become common when 5G goes mainstream. However, the latency requirements are challenging to meet due to the resources required by video-based remoting of graphics, that is, decoding video codecs. We propose an approach towards tackling this challenge: a client-server implementation for transacting int...

In this paper, we describe how the microservices paradigm can be used to design and implement distributed edge services for Internet of Things applications. As a case study, traditionally monolithic user mobility analysis service is developed, with distributed and extendable microservices, for the standardized ETSI MEC system reference architecture...

Physical exercise can improve sleep quality. However, how to perform physical exercise to achieve the best possible improvements is not clear. In this article, we build predictive models based on volume real data collected from wearable devices to predict the sleep efficiency related to users' daily exercise information. As far as we know, this is...

Prevalent weather prediction methods are based on sensor data, collected by satellites and a sparse grid of stationary weather stations. Various initiatives improve the prediction models by including additional data sources such as mobile weather sensors, mobile phones, and micro weather stations of, for example, smart homes. The underlying computi...

Edge computing in the Internet of Things brings applications and content closer to the users by introducing an additional computational layer at the network infrastructure, between cloud and the resource-constrained data producing devices and user equipment. This way, the opportunistic nature of the operational environment is addressed by introduci...

Edge computing that leverages cloud resources to the proximity of user devices is seen as the future infrastructure for distributed applications. However, developing and deploying edge applications, that rely on cellular networks, is burdensome. Such network infrastructures are often based on proprietary components, each with unique programming abs...

Maker educations and distributed educations are increasing in quantity and quality. This gives a possibility for academia to tap into interesting sources of knowledge outside the physical parameters of the institution, as well as outside formal education and traditional learning methods. However, academic recognition of such learning can be challen...

With this poster, we present our goals, methodology and initial findings of the first 7 months of a pilot aiming to integrate STEAM education in formal education by exploiting digital fabrication tools and processes. The success of the pilot is strongly bound to the development of a Community of Practice formed by diverse local stakeholders includi...

Edge computing that leverages cloud resources to the proximity of user devices is seen as the future infrastructure for distributed applications. However, developing and deploying edge applications, that rely on cellular networks, is burdensome. Such network infrastructures are often based on proprietary components, each with unique programming abs...

Edge and fog computing, prominent parts of the up-coming 5G mobile networks and future 6G technologies, promise to reduce applications' latencies, improve controls on privacy, and reduce network bandwidth usage. The promises are delivered by pulling computations from the remote cloud to close to the devices, where data is generated and applications...

Maker and DIY communities are constantly sharing tutorials, projects documentation, as well as design sketches and model files. Producing documentation of good quality has its challenges, one of them being the amount of time needed to generate it. In this paper, we present a software tool that assists makers and hobbyists in creating reports and tu...

Modern connected cities are more and more leveraging advances in ICT to improve their services and the quality of life of their inhabitants. The data generated from different sources, such as environmental sensors, social networking platforms, traffic counters, are harnessed to achieve these end goals. However, collecting, integrating, and analyzin...

Edge computing, a key part of the upcoming 5G mobile networks and future 6G technologies, promises to distribute cloud applications while providing more bandwidth and reducing latencies [1]. The promises are delivered by moving application-specific computations between the cloud, the data producing devices, and the network infrastructure components...

Mobile, vehicle-installed road weather sensors are becoming ubiquitous. While mobile sensors are often capable of making observations on a high frequency, their reliability and accuracy may vary. Large-scale road weather observation and forecasting are still mostly based on stationary road weather stations (RWS). Though expensive, sparsely located...

Residual plot of the inference model. (TIF)

Q-Q plot of the mobile sensor calibration level random effect. (TIF)

Q-Q plot of a sample of 100 residuals. (TIF)

Q-Q plot of the RWS sensor calibration level random effect. (TIF)

The key to win on global markets is not based only on excellence of products and services, but increasingly more on successful business models and value networks, where partnering, smart specialisation and joint solution deliveries are the key elements for sustainable success. There also has to be solid processes and tools for facilitating the tran...

Software agents have been exploited to handle the inherent dynamicity in the Internet of Things (IoT) systems, as agents are capable of autonomous, reactive and proactive operation in response to changes in their local environment. Agents, operating at the network edge, enable leveraging cloud resources into the proximity of the user devices. Howev...

Education for innovation development is emphasized looking at the future of education. Cloud computing is regarded as the key trigger and enabling technology to advance innovative education. This paper specifies an intelligent Cloud-based platform for innovative education under the term of EduCloud. We give an overview and discuss the challenges fa...

Semantics associates meaning with Internet of Things (IoT) data and facilitates the development of intelligent IoT applications and services. However, the big volume of the data generated by IoT devices and resource limitations of these devices have given rise to challenges for applying semantic technologies. In this article, we present Cloud and e...

Edge computing in Internet of Things enhances application execution by retrieving cloud resources to the close proximity of resource-constrained end devices at the edge and by enabling task offloading from end devices to the edge. In this paper, edge computing platforms are extended into the data producing end devices, including wireless sensor net...

We contribute in this study a first step in theory-based understanding on how creativity in collaborative design sessions relates to the elements that are present in a creative act. These elements include group composition, objects present, practices used, and previous knowledge of the participants. The context of this study was our search for ligh...

With the popularization of intelligent transport and mobile internet services, vehicles and people on board generate increasing amounts of data. To match future networks with this use case, tools are needed to analyze the requirements set for the network. In this paper, we study the characteristics of data traffic in the context of networked vehicl...

Information-centric networking (ICN) technology is becoming a popular research topic in vehicular networks due to the connectionless and lightweight characteristics of this networking paradigm. Caching plays an essential role in information-centric networks, but current caching techniques for ICN are not ideal for the dynamic and wireless vehicular...

We demonstrate how mobile agents enable vertical and horizontal interactions for IoT edge applications, while autonomously and adaptively addressing energy efficiency in the data producing end devices, i.e. WSN and smartphones. A software framework seamlessly integrates mobile agents as system resources to the Internet with embedded Web services.

In this research, we studied the human dimensions of experience and knowledge, confidence, motivation, and fun with regard to four technological dimensions referring to a FabLab environment: 2D and 3D design, tools and machines, prototyping with electronics, and programming. An intensive, two-week training period for high school students in digital...

In this research, we studied the human dimensions of experience and knowledge, confidence, motivation, and fun with regard to four technological dimensions referring to a FabLab environment: 2D and 3D design, tools and machines, prototyping with electronics, and programming. An intensive, two-week training period for high school students in digital...

Edge computing paradigm allows computation to be moved from the central high powered Cloud or data center to the edge of the network. This paradigm often enables more efficient data processing near its source and sends only the data and knowledge that have value over the network. Our study focuses on performing semantic reasoning at the edge comput...

We introduce mobile agents for mobile crowdsensing. Crowdsensing campaigns are designed through different roles that are implemented as mobile agents. The role-based tasks of mobile agents include collecting data, analyzing data and sharing data in the campaign. Mobile agents execute and control the campaign autonomously as a multi-agent system and...

Edge computing paradigm allows computation to be moved from the central high powered Cloud or data center to the edge of the network. This paradigm often enables more efficient data processing near its source and sends only the data and knowledge that have value over the network. Our study focuses on performing semantic reasoning at the edge comput...

Information-centric networking (ICN) is being applied to the vehicular networks by more and more researchers on account of its lightweight and connectionless networking paradigm and in-network caching characteristics, making it suitable for the dynamic environments of vehicular networks. However, wireless transmission of interest packets to find co...