Jukka Kemppainen

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• Professor
• Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (chair) at University of Turku

A novel [68Ga]-labeled DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethyl-piperidine-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 peptide (BAY86-7548) having high affinity to bombesin receptor subtype 2 to detect primary and metastatic prostate carcinoma (PCa) using PET/CT was synthesized and evaluated for prostate cancer (PCa). In this first human study with BAY86-7548, f...

Background: 177Lu-PSMA-617 is a promising theragnostic treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, both the optimal treatment dose and interval in mCRPC and the rate of identification of responders from non-responders among possible treatment candidates are unknown. Methods: 62 men with mCRPC who were treated wit...

The aim of this study was to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for classifying positron emission tomography (PET) images of patients with and without head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other types of head and neck cancer. A PET/magnetic resonance imaging scan with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) was performed for 200 head...

Purpose To prospectively compare the ability of ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and whole-body MRI (WBMRI) with DWI to detect prostate cancer (PCa) lesions and assess their local stage. Additionally, to evaluate the correlation between PSMA uptake on PET/CT and PSMA expression as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Methods Men with newly diagnosed unfavourable...

A convolutional neural network (CNN) can be used to perform fully automatic tumor segmentation from the positron emission tomography (PET) images of head and neck cancer patients but the predictions often contain false positive segmentation caused by the high concentration of the tracer substance in the human brain. A potential solution would be a...

Our aim is to compare different thresholds for a convolutional neural network (CNN) designed for binary classification of medical images. We consider six different thresholds, including the default threshold of 0.5, Youden’s threshold, the point on the ROC curve closest to the point (0,1), the threshold of equal sensitivity and specificity, and two...

TPS234 Background: Hypoxia is an important mechanism in cancer cells, which protects them from body’s immune reactions. Exercise improves circulation thus reducing hypoxia. Therefore, we study the effect of exercise and statins on prognosis of cancer patients. Lipid metabolism is an important energy source during hypoxia. We expect to see that pati...

Purpose A new method of using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to perform automatic tumor segmentation from two-dimensional transaxial slices of positron emission tomography (PET) images of high-risk primary prostate cancer patients is introduced. Methods We compare three different methods including (1) usual image segmentation with a CNN whos...

Purpose Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancer types globally. Due to the complex anatomy of the region, diagnosis and treatment is challenging. Early diagnosis and treatment are important, because advanced and recurrent HNSCC have a poor prognosis. Robust and precise tools are needed to help diagnose HNSCC r...

Purpose Short-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is known to increase heterogeneously prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression. This phenomenon might indicate the potential of cancer lesions to respond to ADT. In this prospective study, we evaluated the flare on [¹⁸F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT after ADT in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). G...

Purpose: In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the early diagnosis and efficient detection of recurrences and/or residual tumor after treatment play a very important role in patient's prognosis. Positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) has become an established method for the diagnosis of suspec...

Objectives The bombesin derivative RM2 is a GRPr antagonist with strong binding affinity to prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, the impact of [ ⁶⁸ Ga]Ga-RM2 positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for the detection of primary PCa was compared with that of [ ¹⁸ F]FCH PET-CT and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)....

Purpose: The muscle perfusion response to post-exercise cold water immersion (CWI) is not well understood. We examined the effects of graded post-exercise CWI upon global and regional quadriceps femoris muscle perfusion using positron emission tomography (PET) and [15O]H2O. Methods: Using a matched-group design, 30 healthy men performed cycle er...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to correlate immunohistochemical (IHC) tissue levels of SSTR1-5 with the receptor density generated from [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC uptake in a prospective series of NF-PNENs. Methods: Twenty-one patients with a total of thirty-five NF-PNEN-lesions and twenty-one histologically confirmed lymph node metastases (LN+) were...

Purpose: Overexperssion of Gastrin-releasing-peptide receptor (GRPr) in prostate carcinoma (PCa) suggests new means in the detection of prostate cancer foci. The bombesin derivative RM2 (DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxy­methyl­piperidine-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) is a GRPr antagonist with strong binding affinity. Based on promising results f...

PurposeTo prospectively compare 18F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and standard computed tomography (CT), in primary nodal staging of prostate cancer (PCa).Methods Men with newly diagnosed unfavourable inte...

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer type in men globally. Although the prognosis for localized prostate cancer is good, no curative treatments are available for metastatic disease. Better diagnostic methods could help target therapies and improve the outcome. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein tha...

Objective: Endocrine Society guidelines recommend adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in primary aldosteronism (PA) if adrenalectomy is considered. We tested whether functional imaging of adrenal cortex with ¹¹ C-metomidate ( ¹¹ C-MTO) could offer a noninvasive alternative to AVS in the subtype classification of PA. Design: We prospectively recruited 58...

Introduction We investigated the effects of a supervised progressive sprint interval training (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on adipocyte morphology and adipose tissue metabolism and function; we also tested whether the responses were similar regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. Research design and methods 26...

Background The diagnosis of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is challenging because of its variable presentations. We studied the value of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the detection of CIED infection.Methods and resultsThirty patients with suspected CIED...

Background The clinical utility of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in comparison to standard work-up with patients with known or suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown. Purpose To evaluate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/MRI in the diagnostics of IBD and further compare the data ob...

Background Computed tomography (CT) and bone scintigraphy (BS) are the imaging modalities currently used for distant metastasis staging of prostate cancer (PCa). Objective To compare standard staging modalities with newer and potentially more accurate imaging modalities. Design, setting, and participants This prospective, single-centre trial (NCT...

The aim of this prospective single-institution clinical trial (NCT02002455) was to evaluate the potential of advanced post-processing methods for ¹⁸F-Fluciclovine PET and multisequence multiparametric MRI in the prediction of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness, defined by Gleason Grade Group (GGG). 21 patients with PCa underwent PET/CT, PET/MRI a...

We examined the influence of graded cold-water immersion (CWI) on global and regional quadriceps muscle perfusion using positron emission tomography (PET) and [ ¹⁵ O]H 2 O. In thirty healthy males (33±8 yrs; 81±10 kg; 184±5 cm; percentage body fat: 13±5%; V̇O 2peak : 47±8 mL·kg ⁻¹ ·min ⁻¹ ) quadriceps perfusion, thigh and calf cutaneous vascular co...

Purpose Based on in vitro studies, it is known that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) increases prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression. Therefore, we hypothesised that ADT improves the performance of PSMA-PET imaging in primary staging of prostate cancer. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the time course effect of ADT on PS...

Background: Predicting the aggressive behavior of non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNET) remains controversial. We wanted to explore, in a prospective setting, whether the diagnostic accuracy can be improved by dual-tracer functional imaging 68Ga-DOTANOC and 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with NF-PNETs. Methods: Thirty-one patient...

Abstract Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) typically spreads intra-abdominally, but preoperative evaluation with FDG PET/CT often reveals metabolically active supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes (sdLNs). Their clinical significance and behavior during treatment has not been established. Methods EOC patients with PET positive sdLNs at diagnosis...

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) with computed tomography (CT) is effective for diagnosing large vessel vasculitis, but its usefulness in accurately diagnosing suspected, unselected vasculitis remains unknown. We evaluated the feasibility of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in real-life cohort of patients with suspicion of vasculitis...

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the developed countries. It is usually diagnosed in advanced stage since it is often symptomless or symptoms are nonspecific in early course of the disease. It has a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis in advanced disease. Ovarian cancer has distinct type of disease spread...

Aims: Simultaneous measurement of right (RV) and left ventricle (LV) myocardial blood flow (MBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and oxygen consumption (MVO2) non-invasively in humans would provide new possibilities to understand cardiac physiology and different patho-physiological states. Methods: We developed and tested an optimized novel meth...

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the expression of alanine-serine-cysteine-transporter 2 (ASCT2) and L-type amino acid transporter1 (LAT1) in prostate cancer (PCa) and their impact on uptake of 18F-1-amino-3-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (18F-fluciclovine) which is approved for the detection of recurrent PCa. Methods Twenty-five hormone-naïve pat...

Background Despite recent technological advances allowing for quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), quantitative SPECT has not been widely used in the clinical practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of quantitative SPECT for measuring metastatic bone uptake in breast and prostate cancer by comparin...

Purpose The aim of this retrospective single-center analysis was to evaluate the feasibility of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET imaging in evaluating metabolic response of preoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced operable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma and to investigate the association between histopathologic and FD...

Human bone marrow is a metabolically active tissue that responds to acute low intensity exercise by having increased glucose uptake. Here we studied whether bone marrow glucose uptake increases more with increased exercise intensities. Femoral bone marrow glucose uptake was measured using positron emission tomography and 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose in...

Intrinsic factors related to muscle metabolism may explain the differences in mechanical efficiency (ME) during exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between muscle metabolism and ME. Totally 17 healthy recreationally active male participants were recruited and divided into efficient (EF; n = 8) and inefficient (IE;...

Positron emission tomography (PET) has been commonly and successfully used, in combination with computed tomography (CT) and more recently magnetic resonance (MRI), in the workup of intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Nowadays, new specific receptor targeted PET tracers in prostate cancer imaging have been introduced; one of the most u...

Background: To evaluate the accuracy of 11C-acetate Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MRI) in bladder cancer (BC) staging and monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods: Eighteen patients were prospectively enrolled. Fifteen treatment naive patients underwent 11C-acetate PET/MRI before transurethral...

Objective: To evaluate the predictive potential of total metabolic tumor volume (MTV) reduction during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with18F-FDG-PET/CT in an advanced FIGO stage III/IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patient cohort. Methods: Twenty-nine primarily inoperable EOC patients underwent18F-FDG-PET/CT before and after NACT. The pre- a...

Platinum-based chemotherapy constitutes the backbone of clinical care in advanced solid cancers such as high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and has prolonged survival of millions of patients with cancer. Most of these patients, however, become resistant to chemotherapy, which generally leads to a fatal refractory disease. We present a comprehe...

We describe a rare case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by the canine bacterium Capnocytophaga canimorsus in a male aged 73 years. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis was unequivocal, as it blood cultures were positive for C. canimorsus and vegetations were detected on transesophageal echocardiography; the modified Duke criteria were fu...

Aims: To prospectively evaluate the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in the definition of the treatment response after primary treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Materials and methods: Forty-nine patients with advanced EOC had an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan before and aft...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate (18)F-FACBC PET/CT, PET/MRI, and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in detection of primary prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Twenty-six men with histologically confirmed PCa underwent PET/CT immediately after injection of 369 ± 10 MBq (18)F-FACBC (fluciclovine) followed by PET/MRI started 55 ± 7 min fro...

Purpose To evaluate the potential of advanced post-processing methods for 18F-FACBC (Fluciclovine) PET and MRI in the characterization of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods Twenty one patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer (PCa) scheduled for robotic–assisted prostatectomy underwent PET/CT immediately after injection of 369 ±1...

RESULTS AIM In total, 8, 5, and 5 patients presented with Ta/Tis, T1, T2 or higher (MIBC) stage, respectively..The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of 11 C-acetate PET/MRI for MIBC To evaluate accuracy of 11 C-acetate PET-MRI in bladder cancer (BC) staging in a prospective, registered trial. METHODS Eighteen patients with a suspected bl...

Purpose This study evaluated the potential of ⁶⁸Ga-citrate positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the detection of infectious foci in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia by comparing it with 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET/CT. Methods Four patients admitted to hospital due to S. aureus bacteraemia u...

Background: ⁶⁸Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT is routinely used to image neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). A case of lymphoma initially thought to be NET based on a positive ⁶⁸Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT was recently seen at our institution. This prompted us to determine prospectively somatostatin receptor (SSTR) status in patients with lymphoma by immunohistochemical analysi...

Aims: Little is known about the effects of exercise training on brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism in humans. We tested the hypothesis that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) improve BAT insulin sensitivity. Materials and methods: Healthy middle-aged men (n = 18, age 47 [CI: 49, 43] years...

PURPOSE To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of 18FFACBC PET/CT, PET/MRI and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for detection of primary prostate cancer (PCa) and prediction of its aggressiveness. METHOD AND MATERIALS Twenty six patients with histologically confirmed PCa underwent PET/CT performed immediately after injection of 369±10 MBq 18FFACBC (fluciclovin...

Background: Whole body positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is a sensitive imaging technique in patients with metastatic melanoma, but its role in the follow-up of asymptomatic high-risk patients is unclear. The aim was to study the role of PET/CT as a routine surveillance imaging tool in asymptomatic high-risk patients at t...

Objective. Increased atherosclerosis in RA is not fully explained by the ordinary risk factors, but it may be related to vascular inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of carotid artery inflammation in drug-naive patients with early RA before and after DMARD triple therapy. Methods. Fifteen non-diabetic patients with re...

Background: Advanced echocardiographic methods may reveal signs of late anthracycline cardiac toxicity (ACT) even in asymptomatic patients. We studied echocardiographic tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and velocity vector imaging (VVI) in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) before and after an exercise intervention. Me...

Prospective evaluation of planar bone scintigraphy, SPECT, SPECT/CT, 18 F-NaF PET/CT and whole body 1.5T MRI, including DWI, for the detection of bone metastases in high risk breast and prostate cancer patients: SKELETA clinical trial, Acta Oncologica, 55:1, 59-67,

80 Background: Gastrin-releasing-peptide receptor (GRPr) is overexpressed in prostate carcinoma (PCa) and offer new means to detect prostate cancer. The bombesin derivative RM2 (DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethylpiperidine-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) is a GRPr antagonist with high binding affinity (Kd 3 nM). A first-in-man study was perfor...

Background: The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE), especially the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is challenging since echocardiographic findings are often scarce in the early phase of the disease. We studied the use of 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) i...

Background: High-grade gliomas (HGGs) express somatostatin receptors (SSTR), rendering them candidates for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Our purpose was to evaluate the potential of 68Ga-DOTA-1-Nal3-octreotide (68Ga-DOTANOC) or 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide (68Ga-DOTATOC) to target SSTR subtype 2 (SSTR2) in HGGs, and to study the associ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the reduction of maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) in (18)F-FDG-PET/CT to histopathological changes obtained with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We wanted to evaluate whether (18)F-FDG-PET/CT is useful for identifying pa...

Background and aims: The detection of graft viability is challenging in the multiligament reconstructed knee. Magnetic resonance imaging gives structural information but lacks the capability to assess biological activity of the grafts. (18)F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computer tomography is shown to be a...

Accurate diagnosis of the nature of pancreatic cysts is challenging but more important than ever, due partly to the increasing number of incidental cystic findings in the pancreas. Preliminary data suggest that positron emission tomography/computed tomography using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) could have a significant influence on cl...

Detection of bone metastases in breast and prostate cancer patients remains a major clinical challenge. The aim of the current trial was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of (99m)Tc-hydroxymethane diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-HDP) planar bone scintigraphy (BS), (99m)Tc-HDP SPECT, (99m)Tc-HDP SPECT/CT, (18)F-NaF PET/CT and whole body 1.5 Tesla magnetic r...

This study explored the use of the α2C-adrenoceptor PET tracer [11C]ORM-13070 to monitor α2C-AR occupancy in the human brain. The subtype-nonselective α2-AR antagonist atipamezole was administered to eight healthy volunteer subjects to determine its efficacy and potency (Emax and EC50) at inhibiting tracer uptake. We also explored whether the trace...

A 47-year-old man had fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, and claudication due to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Whole-body [18 F] FDG PET/CT scan was performed as a diagnostic procedure, and it revealed abnormal [18 F] FDG accumulation in small-and medium-sized vessels of the upper extremities and in the lower extrem...

(18)F-Fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (FDOPA) is a powerful tool for the diagnosis and detection of neuroendocrine tumors when planning and monitoring surgical and oncologic therapies. Pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and medullary thyroid cancers especially are amenable to FDOPA imaging because of the high specific uptake of this amino acid analogu...

Highly endurance-trained athlete's heart represents the most extreme form of cardiac adaptation to physical stress, but its circulatory alterations remain obscure. In the present study, myocardial blood flow (MBF), blood mean transit time (MTT), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and consumption (MVO2), and efficiency of cardiac work were quantified...

Background: The blood flow capacity in subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans remains largely unknown, and therefore the aim of this study was to determine the physiological range of blood flow in this tissue. Methods and results: The subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) was measured in 9 healthy young men by positron emission tomography...

We describe a patient with the m.3243A>G mitochondrial DNA mutation who developed sepsis caused by Streptococcus constellatus. In the acute phase of illness, abnormally high uptake of (18)F-FDG was observed in both adrenal glands that appeared anatomically normal. In repeated imaging six months later the adrenal uptake had diminished but remained c...

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc methylene-diphosphonate planar bone scintigraphy (99mTc-MDP BS), 99mTc methylene-diphosphonate single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT), 18F NaF PET/CT and whole body 1.5 Tesla MRI (wbMRI) for the detection of bone metastases in high risk...

We describe a case of postpericardiotomy syndrome imaged by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and computed tomography (CT). A 53-year-old woman had surgical aortic valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis due to severe aortic valve regurgitation. Within 1 month of surgery, she was diagnosed inflammatory p...

The risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Chemotherapy may have direct toxic effects on vascular endothelium, potentially increasing the significance of endothelial dysfunction in the development of CVD in ALL survivors. Endothelial structure and function can be me...

We investigated whether the changes in training intensity between the six training sessions over the period of two weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIT, Wingate protocol) are related into the changes in aerobic fitness (VO2max) and anaerobic capacity (blood lactate).