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June 1992 - April 2015
Publications
Publications (98)
Nematode and disease resistant rootstocks have been developed for many vegetable crops including tomato, eggplant, melon, watermelon, and cucumber and are being utilized by an increasing number of growers. Grafting commercially desirable vegetable scions on nematode and disease resistant rootstocks has been significantly stimulated by the need for...
Citrullus amarus (CA) (previously known as Citrullus lanatus var.
citroides) accessions collected in southern Africa are known to have
resistance to root-knot nematodes (RKN) and are suitable rootstocks
for grafted watermelon. The objective of this study was to conduct a
comparative metabolomics analysis and identify unique metabolites in
roots of...
Southern root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita) is a serious pest of cultivated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) in southern regions of the United States and no resistance is known to exist in commercial watermelon cultivars. Wild watermelon relatives (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) have been shown in greenhouse studies to po...
Southern root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) are an important re-emerging pest of watermelon in the United States and worldwide. The re-emergence of root-knot nematodes (RKNs) in watermelon and other cucurbits is largely the result of the intensive cultivation of vegetable crops on limited agricultural lands coupled with the loss of methyl...
Root-knot nematode-resistant rootstock lines (designated RKVL for Root-Knot Vegetable Laboratory) derived from wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) were compared with wild tinda (Praecitrullus fistulosus) lines and commercial cucurbit rootstock cultivars for grafting of seedless triploid watermelon 'Tri-X 313' (C. lanatus var. lanatus...
Root-knot nematode-resistant 'Charleston Belle' bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) and metam sodium treatment were evaluated for managing the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White] in fall-cropped cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). 'Charleston Belle' and its susceptible recurrent parent, 'Keystone Resi...
Additional index words. southernpea, Vigna unguiculata US-1136, US-1137, and US-1138 are new cowpea lines with vigorous, indeterminate growth habits that were released by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2010 and are recommended for use as a cover crop. Cow-peas are valued as a summer cover crop (Clark, 200...
Phytophthora capsici is an aggressive pathogen that is distributed worldwide with a broad host range infecting solanaceous, fabaceous, and cucurbitaceous crops. Over the past two decades, increased incidence of Phytophthora blight, particularly in eastern states, has threatened production of many vegetable crops. Cucumis melo L. (honeydew and muskm...
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are one of the most damaging soilborne pathogens of honeydew melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus). Currently their management is dependent on soil fumigation. Vegetable grafting with resistant rootstocks may be an effective approach for RKN management in the sustainable production of honeydew melons. However, RKN-resistant r...
There is a continuous need to enhance watermelon cultivars for disease and pest resistance. Different U.S. Plant Introductions (PIs) of Citrullus lanatus subsp. lanatus var. lanatus [also known as C. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai subsp. lanatus var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf. ex Greb.] (CLC) collected in southern Africa are a useful source for e...
Grafting with resistant rootstocks is an effective strategy to manage a variety of soilborne diseases and root-knot nematodes in solanaceous and cucurbitaceous vegetables. In addition, improved resistance to some foliar diseases and viruses has also been reported in grafted plants. Hence, grafting technology is considered an important and innovativ...
Four pepper genotypes classified as resistant and four pepper genotypes classified as susceptible to several avirulent populations of M. incognita were compared for their reactions against a population of Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White which had been shown to be virulent to resistant bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) in preliminary t...
'Truhart-NR' is a new pimento-type pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) released 20 Oct. 2009 by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 'Truhart- NR' is a pimento-type cultivar that is homozygous for a dominant gene conditioning a high level of resistance to the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood)...
The round melon Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo has been cultivated in Asia since ancient times and has been considered an underexploited crop in the western world. In the USA, there is an increased interest in using P. fistulosus as a commercial vegetable, and possibly as a rootstock for grafting watermelon, melon, or cucumber. However,...
Four bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) cultivars, one squash (Cucurbita moschata × C. maxima) hybrid, five wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) germplasm lines, and one commercial wild watermelon (C. lanatus var. citroides) cultivar were evaluated as rootstocks for cultivated watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) in fields infested wi...
The adoption of sustainable and organic cultural practices in recent years has resulted in an increased use of cover crops. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an excellent warm season cover crop due to its tolerance of heat and drought stress, ability to grow well in sandy, poor, acidic soils, high biomass production with high nitrogen content, and l...
Efforts to develop a yellow-fruited, Habanero-type pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) that is highly resistant to root-knot nematodes were completed with the official release of PA-560 on October 20, 2009. PA-560, an advanced breeding line, is the product of a backcross/pedigree breeding procedure to incorporate a root-knot nematode resistance gene f...
Efforts to develop a high-yielding, pimento-type pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar that is highly resistant to root-knot nematodes were completed with the official release of Truhart-NR on October 20, 2009. The new cultivar is homozygous for the dominant N gene that conditions a high level of resistance to the southern root-knot nematode [Meloid...
Genetic resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in pepper (Capsicum annuum) has been well characterised for the N and Me3 resistance genes. However, there are no studies comparing the effects of these two genes directly or investigating the combined
effects when both genes are present together. Several studies were undertaken to investigate the relatio...
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in Europe and in the USA in grafting watermelon onto bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. In this study, genetic diversity and relationships were examined [using 236 sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers] among 56 United States plant introductions (PIs) of L. siceraria and...
Efforts to develop a root-knot nematode resistant, red-fruited, Habanero-type pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) were completed with the official release of PA-559 on September 18, 2008. The new breeding line is the product of a backcross/pedigree breeding procedure to incorporate a dominant root-knot nematode resistance gene from the Scotch Bonnet-t...
The market for organically grown fruits and vegetables has been increasing in recent years, and research is vital for obtaining optimal quality and yields in organic production systems. Scientists at the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) are investigating methods for managing plant-parasitic nematodes...
Two root-knot nematode-resistant bell pepper cultivars, 'Charleston Belle' and 'Carolina Wonder' (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum], and their susceptible parents, 'Keystone Resistant Giant' and 'Yolo Wonder B', were compared for managing the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White] in fall and spring tests at C...
Meloidogyne mayaguensis is a damaging root-knot nematode able to reproduce on root-knot nematode-resistant tomato and other economically important crops. In a growth chamber experiment conducted at 22 and 33 degrees C, isolate 1 of M. mayaguensis reproduced at both temperatures on the Mi-1-carrying tomato lines BHN 543 and BHN 585, whereas M. incog...
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause extensive damage to watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus, and resistance to root-knot nematodes has not been identified in any watermelon cultivar. Twenty-six U.S. Plant Introductions (PIs) of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf., o...
A preliminary screening experiment was conducted to evaluate 47 cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. genotypes for use as a weed-suppressing cover crop. Of these, 11 were selected for further testing on the basis of vigorous growth and weed-suppressing ability. In a field experiment repeated over 4 years, the selected genotypes were not different fr...
The USDA–ARS has released a new Habanero-type pepper cultivar named TigerPaw-NR. The new cultivar is the product of a conventional recurrent backcross breeding procedure to transfer a dominant root-knot nematode resistance gene from the Scotch Bonnet accession PA-426 into the Habanero-type accession PA-350. TigerPaw-NR was derived from a single F 3...
Rhizoctonia solani is an important pathogen of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) in the southern U.S. and is the primary cause of seedling diseases in this crop. Stand losses caused by R. solani are especially severe when cowpea is planted in cold, spring soils. Three cowpea cultivars (Coronet, Knuckle Purple Hull, and Mississippi Silver) were evaluated...
A cucurbit species named Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo, which thrives in India, is considered to be a distant
relative of watermelon. Recent experiments indicated that it has mild resistance to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). However,
our attempts to cross various US plant introductions (PIs) of P. fistulosus with watermelon or other Citru...
Genetic linkage map is being constructed for watermelon based on a testcross population and an F 2 population. About 51.0% and 31.8% of the markers in the testcross and F 2 populations are skewed form the expected segregation ratios. AFLP markers appeared to be clustered on linkage regions, while ISSR and RAPD markers are randomly dispersed on the...
Thirteen sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas ) genotypes were characterized for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla , and M. arenaria races 1 and 2 in greenhouse tests. The following sweetpotato genotypes representing a range of reactions to M. incognita were evaluated: U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 399163 (highly resistant = HR), S...
Rhizoctonia solani is an important pathogen of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) in the southern U.S. and worldwide. Cowpeas are especially susceptible to seedling diseases caused by R. solani when planted in cold, moist, spring soils. Nine cowpea cultivars were evaluated in inoculated field tests at six planting dates in Charleston, S.C., during 2004....
Root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) are major pests of pepper ( Capsicum spp.) in the United States, and parasitism of susceptible plants can result in severe yield losses. Although cultivars belonging to the species C. annuum account for most of the peppers grown in the United States. Habanero-type cultivars belonging to the species C. chinens...
'Charleston Belle', a root-knot nematode-resistant pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum [Grossum Group]), and its susceptible recurrent parent, 'Keystone Resistant Giant', were compared as spring crops for managing the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in fall-cropped cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and squash (Cucurbita pepo) at Blackv...
Resistance of two sets of bell pepper [(Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum (Grossum Group)] cultivars near-isogenic for the N gene that conditions resistance to root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood races 1 and 2, and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood] was evaluated in field tests at Blackville,...
Root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood] are serious pests of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus] in the southern United States and worldwide. Watermelon cultivars with resistance to any of these nematode pe...
Pre-plant soil fumigation with methyl bromide and host resistance were compared for managing the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in pepper. Three pepper cultivars (Carolina Cayenne, Keystone Resistant Giant, and California Wonder) that differed in resistance to M. incognita were grown in field plots that had been fumigated with...
Several species of root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, and M. hapla Chitwood] are major pests of peppers (Capsicum spp.) in the United States and worldwide. Resistance to M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica has been identified in several Capsicum acc...
Acid fuchsin and phloxine B are commonly used to stain plant-parasitic nematodes in roots and egg masses on root surfaces, respectively. Both stains can be harmful to both the user and the environment and require costly waste disposal procedures. We developed safer methods to replace both stains using McCormick Schilling red food color. Eggs, juven...
Four Capsicum chinense cultigens with known reactions to Meloidogyne incognita were characterized for resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, M. hapla, and M. javanica, in greenhouse and growth-chamber tests. The M. incognita-resistant cultigens PA-353, PA-398, and PA-426 exhibited high resistance to M. arenaria race 1; the M. incognita-susceptibl...
Stability of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid &White) Chitwood was determined in pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq. and C. annuum L.) at 24, 28, and 32 degrees C. Reactions of the C. annuum cultivars Charleston Belle and Keystone Resistant Giant and the C. chinense cultigens PA-426 and PA-350 to M. incognita were compared. Charleston Belle...
Greenhouse experiments determined the inheritance of resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] in Capsicum chinense Jacq. germplasm lines PA-353 and PA-426. Evaluation of parental, F1, F2, and backcross populations of the crosses PA-353 x PA-350 and PA-426 x PA-350 (PA-350 is a susceptible cultigen) i...
The peanut root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne arenaria race 1) is potentially a major pest of pepper cultivars belonging to the species Capsicum chinense. Greenhouse tests were conducted to: 1) compare the level of resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode exhibited by the recently released C. chinense germplasm line PA-353 to that exhibited by the...
Heat stability of the N gene that confers resistance to the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), was determined at 24, 28, and 32 °C. Responses of resistant bell pepper cultivars Charleston Belle and Carolina Wonder (homozygous for the N gene) and their respective susceptible...
Greenhouse tests were conducted to compare the levels of resistance to the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] exhibited by recently released Capsicum chinense Jacq. Scotch Bonnet-type germplasm lines PA-353, PA-398, and PA-426 to the levels of resistance exhibited by C. annuum L. 'Carolina Cayenne' and '...
Forty-seven of the 53 plant introductions (PI) in the U.S. Plant Germplasm System okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] collection with reported resistance to root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood or unidentified Meloidogyne spp.] were evaluated in replicated greenhouse tests for reaction to the southern root-kn...
Scotch Bonnet and Habanero peppers, extremely pungent cultivar classes of Capsicum chinense Jacq., are increasing in popularity in the United States. Because the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, is a major pest of many C. annuum cultivars, a series of greenhouse and field experiments was conducted to d...
The southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] is a serious pest of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Currently, methyl bromide is used for nematode control, but the pending withdrawal of this fumigant from the United States market has resulted in a need for effective alternative root-knot nematode management measure...
The southern root-knot nematode is a major pest of pepper (Capsicum annuum)in the United States. Pre-plant fumigation with methyl bromide is the principal control method used at present, but the removal of this fumigant from the U.S. market in 2001 has focused significant interest on host plant resistance. Efforts to develop bell peppers with resis...
Scotch Bonnet and Habanero peppers, extremely pungent cultivar classes of Capsicum chinense, are becoming popular in the United States. Since the southern root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne incognita ) is a major pest of many C. annuum cultivars commonly grown in the United States, a series of greenhouse and field studies was conducted to determine w...
Pratylenchus penetrans reduces the productivity of many forage crops in northern USA and eastern Canada. Our objective was to determine the host suitability of forage grasses and legumes for P. penetrans in greenhouse, growth chamber, and field environments. In the greenhouse and growth chamber environments, P. penetrans reproduced on all forage gr...
Fifty-two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) clones, randomly selected from the cultivar Baker and the experimental line MNGRN-4, were evaluated for resistance (based on nematode reproduction) to Pratylenchus penetrans in growth chamber tests (25 C). Twenty-five clones, representing the range of nematodes and eggs per plant, were selected and retested. F...