Judith Squires

• MA (Edinburgh), PhD. (London)
• Professor at University of Bristol

This paper maps the changing nature of European equality regimes in order to establish the extent of variation or convergence across Europe and to evaluate the role of transnational policy paradigms and state-level institutions in shaping the emerging European equality regimes. We identify two significant tendencies in respect to European equality...

This article argues that the concept of ‘state feminism’ no longer adequately captures the complexity of emerging feminist engagements with new forms of governance. It suggests that ‘market feminism’ offers a new conceptual framework from which feminist engagements with the state can be analysed and evaluated, and the changes within state feminism...

This article engages with recent methodological debates in political theory concerning the role of political theory and in particular the criticism that ideal normative theorising is too abstracted from the real-world circumstances that it hopes to change. These debates raise questions concerning the proper relationship between normative political...

The analysis offered in the preceding chapters reveals that the past decade has been characterized by a tremendously dynamic European equality institutional arena. There have been ground-breaking changes, both in what is meant by equality policy and with respect to its institutionalization. These changes have occured at both a domestic and a Europe...

This chapter evaluates the ways in which the legal and normative demands of multiple equality strands are being addressed institutionally in the so-called big three countries of Western Europe. It deploys comparative analyses of current state-level reforms in the different types of institutions designed to implement equality policies in France, Ger...

This collection focuses on the politics of multiple inequalities in Europe. It does so from the perspective of prior gender equality policy. It aims to evaluate the ways in which multiple inequalities are being addressed institutionally in Europe, and to identify the changing patterns of institutionalization. Using country-based and region-specific...

Women and ethnic minorities are still under-represented in the House of Commons. Judith Squires asks what can be done to address this problem. The last general election substantially increased the number of women and ethnic minority MPs but the UK's Parliament still does not reflect the diversity of its population. What, asks Judith Squires, can be...

This article is a review of Multiculturalism without culture by Anne Phillips. Phillips' book defends a non-corporatist version of multiculturalism which rejects essentialized conceptions of culture and grounds the challenge to the under-representation of minority groups in the rights and needs of individuals not groups. However, reading this in th...

Britain has recently undergone significant change in relation to its equality laws and institutions. This paper documents these changes and evaluates the extent to which the reforms facilitate the recognition of ‘intersectionality’. It concludes that the creation of a single equality body and the move to streamline legislation into one bill may do...

Gender quotas have spread rapidly around the world in recent years. However, few studies have yet theorized, systematically or comparatively, variations in their features, adoption and implementation. This article surveys quota campaigns in Western Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. It proposes that one or more sets of controversies...

Feminist critiques of deliberative democracy have focused on the abstraction, impartiality and rationality of mainstream accounts of deliberation. This paper explores the claim, common to many of these critiques, that these features are problematic because they are gendered, and that a more women-friendly account of democracy would embrace corporea...

This paper extends the focus of research on representation within the women and politics literature in two ways: firstly, by introducing the notion of ‘the constitutive representation of gender' to complement the notion of the substantive representation of women, as a distinct facet of the representative process; and secondly, by extending the sphe...

The Representation of WomenThe Politics of PresenceGroup RepresentationRadical DemocracyConclusion Further Reading

The creation of the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) brings together equality strands that have previously been conceived in a discrete manner, politically, legally and institutionally. Its establishment raises the possibility that UK equality institutions might be better able to engage with issues of ‘intersectionality’. This article co...

Britain's use of state agencies to address gender relations has evolved significantly over the past 30 years and is currently entering a new phase, characterized by a commitment to a generic equalities, or “diversity,” approach in which multiple equality strands are to be addressed via a single equalities body, the Commission for Equality and Human...

This paper interrogates the promotion of diversity in relation to contemporary developments within Britain, considering whether the increasingly common public affirmation of ‘equality and diversity’ signals the emergence of British citizenship practices based on a vision of ‘differentiated universalism’. I explore this question in relation to the r...

The pursuit of equal citizenship has been complicated by two recent developments: the emergence of multi‐level governance (and with it the growing importance of local, regional and global levels of citizenship practices) and the emergence of group recognition claims (which signal the growing importance of particularised experiences and multiple ine...

In this introduction, we situate ‘gender and international relations in Britain’. We discuss our understandings of gender, I/international R/relations and GIR. In the second section we discuss the relationship of feminist to gendered IR, arguing that while intimately related, they are nonetheless not synonymous. We turn in the third section to a cr...

The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.

Recent methods textbooks contain chapters of sections on feminism as an approach to political research. Feminist scholars themselves, however, often express great ambivalence towards the possibility of presenting one single feminist perspective within political science. In fact, many treat methodologies as ‘justificatory strategies’ and simply empl...

In this chapter I want to argue that where the pursuit of gender equality in Britain was previously framed by arguments for social justice and inclusive citizenship — but limited in focus to the labour market — it is now increasingly addressed as part of a wider ‘equality and diversity’ strategy, framed by arguments for economic productivity and ap...

This article locates mainstreaming within a typology of inclusion, reversal, and displacement and maps these three approaches to mainstreaming, outlining the strengths and weaknesses of each. It focuses on the potential of the transformative approach and suggests that, if augmented by the resources of deliberative democracy, this transformative mod...

New Labour's approach to gender mainstreaming is perhaps best exemplified through the work of the Women and Equality Unit (WEU). In this article we chart the development of the Unit and varied initiatives in which it has been involved and provide a preliminary assessment of the Unit's work. We start with a discussion of Labour's approach to mainstr...

This article examines discourses invoked in the UK debates about prostitution and trafficking in women. The authors suggest that there are three striking features about these discourses: (1) the absence of the sex work discourse, (2) the dominance of the public nuisance discourse in relation to kerb-crawling and (3) the dominance of moral order dis...

This paper offers a survey of the current Government review of Britain's equality framework, including the proposal to create a new Commission for Equality and Human Rights, and the adoption of gender mainstreaming strategies. These discourses and practices issue new theoretical and practical challenges, in that they are required to address an incr...

Books reviewed in this article: Andrea Baumeister, Liberalism and the ‘Politics of Difference’ Richard Bellamy, Liberalism and Pluralism: Towards a Politics of Compromise

The public/private dichotomy has long been the object of considerable attention for feminists. We argue that, by focusing their attention on a divide which has declined in importance, feminists may fail to keep up with the current means by which sexual inequalities are perpetuated. Furthermore, by concentrating on this divide feminists risk reprodu...

This article examines the work of the Women's Unit in British government, especially its approach to gender mainstreaming, between 1997 and 2001. It undertakes three tasks: first, it discusses the significance of mainstreaming; second, it outlines the development of Labour party policy in this area; and third, it considers the contribution of the W...

This article explores feminist arguments for group representation and suggests that there are three distinct theoretical frameworks on which these arguments are based: an equality perspective leading to a strategy of inclusion, a difference perspective leading to a strategy of reversal and a diversity perspective leading to a strategy of displaceme...

The theoretical writings that underpin contemporary liberal democracies have all, in varying form, stressed the value of privacy as fundamental to the realisation of a civilised society. Yet it is ever more evident that privacy is now so threatened as to be practically lost to us already. Unless we turn our attention to the task of rethinking the n...

This article locates mainstreaming within a typology of inclusion, reversal, and displacement and maps these three approaches to mainstreaming, outlining the strengths and weaknesses of each. It focuses on the potential of the transformative approach and suggests that, if augmented by the resources of deliberative democracy, this transformative mod...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of London, 1989.