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Publications (107)
Orange peel, a physiological disorder, has been reported in Chilean sweet cherries (Prunus avium (L.) L.) after 35-45 d under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The ontogeny of the disorder is unknown, and preharvest factors have not been thoroughly investigated. This study involved two experiments to elucidate the association between environment...
Corky disorders in apples represent a significant problem for long-term storage where controlled atmosphere (CA) is mainly used. Ultra-low oxygen (ULO) is an alternative to CA, which consists of low partial pressure of O2 to maintain a low metabolism in the apple fruit, achieving an effective decrease in the ethylene production and physiological di...
In many fruit trees, the thinning of buds, flowers, or fruits is used to increase the leaf area-to-fruit ratio (LA:F) and reduce competition for carbohydrates. Meanwhile, calcium (Ca) sprays during fruit development are also used to increase fruit quality and postharvest storage. Such practices have been recommended to increase fruit firmness and r...
Rachis browning is a serious symptom of water loss affecting the quality of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) during storage. It has been evaluated subjectively based on a color scale or by image analysis, while water loss, which is considered as the main factor behind this problem, is mostly measured on basis of whole-cluster weight loss, with only...
An herbaceous/grassy-like flavor has been reported by Chilean producers of Regina sweet cherry. There are no previous academic reports related to this flavor occurrence. Sweet cherries from five phenological stages were collected from six orchards with high herbaceous flavor incidence spanning Chilean production zones during the 2019/2020 season. F...
Dieback symptoms associated with fungal trunk pathogens cause significant economic losses to kiwifruit and other woody fruit trees worldwide. This study represents the first attempt to identify and characterize the fungal trunk pathogens associated with cordon dieback disease of kiwifruit in central Chile. Field surveys were conducted throughout th...
It is known that high tunnels modify sweet cherry physiological and agronomical response; however, horticultural practices such as irrigation have usually not been adapted to this cultivation system because there is no information about the effects of sweet cherry growing under this controlled environment on fruit tree water relations, water produc...
The use of protective covers, such as high tunnels, is recognized as an effective technology to reduce rain-induced fruit cracking in sweet cherries; however, there is a lack of information concerning the effects of this production system on the fruit’s mineral concentration, quality, and postharvest life. This study assesses the feasibility of usi...
https://www.mundoagro.cl/agentes-causales-y-condiciones-predisponentes-para-la-pudricion-gris-del-kiwi/
Raspberries (Rubus ideaus L.) are highly perishable and susceptible to rot during storage. An exploratory study of postharvest physiology associated with maturity was carried out for three new Chilean raspberry cultivars: Santa Catalina, Santa Clara and Santa Teresa. Fruit of these cultivars were harvested at three maturity stages based on color: p...
Bitter pit (BP) is a physiological disorder that develops in apples, mainly during storage. This study sought to develop NIR spectral models for prediction of future BP incidence and severity in ‘Fuji’ apples using spectral data collected at harvest and during storage. Partial Least Square classification models obtained from spectra reflectance bet...
Gray mold is the primary post-harvest disease of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) in Chile, with a prevalence of 33.1% in 2016 and 7.1% in 2017. Gray mold develops during postharvest storage, which is characterized by a soft, light to brown watery decay that is caused by Botrytis cinerea and B. prunorum. However, there is no information re...
‘Fuji’ is among the most cultivated apples worldwide but affected by the disorder bitter pit (BP). Calcium deficiency plays an important role on fruit susceptibility to BP. The objectives of this study were to determine nutritional relationships in BP-affected fruit and to verify if Vis-NIR models can predict Ca concentration in ‘Fuji’ apples. Frui...
Mango (Mangifera indicaL.) is a major tropical fruit that can develop internal physiological disorders at lateripening stages. These include jelly seed characterized by a transparent and jelly tissue around the seed thateventually becomes a brown ring enclosing the seed, and blackflesh characterized by a diffuse brown dis-coloration that covers the...
Stem end rot (SER) caused by Botrytis cinerea is the primary postharvest disease in the Chilean kiwifruit industry. Relationships between the postharvest occurrence of SER in 'Hayward' kiwifruit and the temporal dynamics of earlier B. cinerea colonization of the floral parts (petals, sepals, receptacles, styles) was studied in five orchards over tw...
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) is a major fruit crop in Chile. Among apple diseases, moldy core (MC) in the fruit has a high prevalence (16 to 46%) in susceptible cultivars. Apparently healthy flowers and fruit were sampled at six growth stages, from the pink bud to the mature fruit, from the susceptible ‘Oregon Spur’ and from the resistant ‘Granny...
Use of high tunnels in sweet cherry production is a popular way to reduce rain-induced fruit cracking. However, little information is available for its effects on tree physiology and fruit quality in established sweet cherry orchards. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the physiological and production variables of sweet cherry under h...
The physiological disorders superficial scald, bitter pit, and lenticel blotch pit severely compromise the commercial value of ‘Granny Smith’ apples. A number of chemical treatments are available to alleviate these disorders but they are unacceptable in the expanding organic market. The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of p...
Blossom Blight (BB) is an important disease that affects the productivity of stone fruits. Recently, B. prunorum was identified causing BB on Japanese plum (Prunus salicina) in Chile. Symptoms consisted on a light brown necrosis of flowers. The objective of this study was to compare the virulence exhibited by isolates B. prunorum and isolates of B....
Moldy core (MC) of apple is an important disease in Chile, with prevalence observed between 4 and 46% in Fuji, Oregon Spur Red Chief, and Scarlet apple in the 2014-15 and 2015-16 growing seasons. However, there is no information on the identity of the causal agents associated with MC in Chile. The analysis of 653 MC fruit revealed the presence of s...
Gray mold, the main postharvest disease of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson ‘Hayward’) is caused by Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis prunorum. Symptoms appears in colstorage but infections produced in the field. Fruit tissue susceptibility to B. cinerea (isolate Kw_F58) and B. prunorum (isolate Kw_6) was studied s...
Diaporthe species are important plant pathogens causing wood cankers, blight, dieback and fruit rot in a wide range of host. During surveys conducted between 2013 and 2014 seasons, a postharvest rot in Hayward kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), was observed in Chile. In order to identify the species of Diaporthe associated with this fruit rot, sympto...
This book contains 20 chapters and is divided into 4 parts focusing on genetic resources and improvement, ecophysiology and production, pests and diseases and their management and harvesting, processing and utilization of sweet and sour cherries.
BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson cv. 'Hayward') is usually harvested firm, unripe, and with a high starch content, and thus fruit do not always achieve a suitable soluble solid concentration (SSC), and soft texture when ripe. A high dry matter concentration at harvest can be used to predict fruit swe...
The rheological properties and structure of the flesh tissue at harvest-ripe fruit of the sweet cherry Prunus avium L. cultivars Bing, Lapins, Regina, Santina, Sweetheart and Van were measured using a textural analyzer equipment and described by light microscopy, respectively. The rheological measurements inflicted reproducible levels of mechanical...
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is a high-value crop in Chile, the second major kiwifruit producer in the Southern Hemisphere, with over 9,700 ha planted at present. Kiwifruit cv. Hayward, harvested in the Central Valley of Chile, stored for 120 days at 0°C in 2% O2 and 5% CO2 controlled atmosphere (CA) chambers, were infected with Botrytis fruit r...
Sulfur dioxide and modified atmospheres were evaluated to find the optimal method to control decay and prolong the quality of blueberries after harvest. To determine the most suitable MAP system for highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum, ‘Brigitta’), fruit were stored in controlled atmospheres (CO2/O2 partial pressures in kPa: 5/1; 7/15, 15/5) o...
Chilean apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) industry has a production area of 37,207 ha (ODEPA 2015). Recently, speck rot, a new postharvest rot of stored apple caused by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis Xiao & J.D. Rogers, has been reported in Washington State, U.S.A., and Germany (Kim and Xiao 2006; Weber 2011). Speck rot was observed during storage (...
Blossom blight (BB) is a destructive disease of plums (Prunus salicina) when humid and temperate weather conditions occur in Chile. Disease incidence ranging from 4 to 53% has been observed. Symptoms include light brown petal necrosis, starting as light brown mottles or V-shaped necrosis at the margins of the petals, progressing to the stamen and p...
##Assembly-Data-START## Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing ##Assembly-Data-END##
##Assembly-Data-START## Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing ##Assembly-Data-END##
Chile is considered the third major exporter of kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson) worldwide after Italy and New Zealand (1). The genus Diaporthe Nitschke (anamorph: genusPhomopsis) has been reported as causing postharvest rot in kiwifruit (4). During the current study, 1,400 fruits arbitrarily collected from s...
Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is an important postharvest disease of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) in Chile, favored by the long (>15 days) transportation to reach the international markets. The aims of this research were to study the critical blueberry growth stages for postharvest gray mold control and to determine the infection risks on the...
Blossom blight of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina), nectarine (P. persica var. nectarina), and sweet cherry (P. avium) was observed in commercial orchards in central Chile in 2012. Disease prevalence of 8% and 1% were estimated in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Early symptoms appeared as small pale-brown necrotic lesions on the petals that eventually...
In the last 10 years, interest in research on polyphenol-rich fruit species has increased due to the potential health benefits of these species, mainly attributed to their high anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity. Six polyphenol-rich fruit species (blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, pomegranates and maqui berries) were h...
Sweet cherry fruit is considered very sensitive to physical injury produced during harvest and postharvest handling. Surface depression (pitting and bruising) appears on the injured fruit area after a week of storage at 0°C. Two trials were conducted on 'Van', 'Royal Dawn', or 'Sweetheart' sweet cherry to test the hypothesis that fruit becomes more...
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been widely used to extend the postharvest life of sweet cherry. Under passive MAP, the new atmosphere around the fruit is generated by the fruit respiration starting from 21 kPa O 2 and 0.03 kPa CO2. Under active MAP, the atmosphere is generated by the respiration of the fruit starting from an atmosphere pro...
In autumn 2013, fruit of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina) cvs. Angelino and Black Kat developed an unusual brown and soft rot after 2 months in cold storage (0°C) on nearly 1% of the fruit. Fruit showed small, circular, light brown spots that eventually destroyed the entire fruit. Small sporodochia appeared on the fruit surface. Fruit was harvested...
Ethyl formate is a volatile compound which occurs naturally in a variety of products and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA). High concentrations have shown insecticidal properties and it is used as a GRAS fumigant of dried food. Ethyl formate is under investigation as an alternative to replace methy...
2013. Infection risk and critical period for the postharvest control of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on blueberry in Chile. Plant Dis. 97:1069-1074. Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is a major disease of blueberries (Vaccin-ium spp.), which require more than 15 days of shipment at 0°C to reach international markets. The aims of this study were (i) to d...
Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis [Molina] Stuntz, Elaeocarpaceae) is a Chilean native species which produces small berries that are mainly collected from the wild. The health benefits of maqui fruit are attributed to their high polyphenol content as well as their wide variety of anthocyanins and flavonols. One of the main factors that affect the polyph...
Annual pruning is one of the most efficient ways to regulate crop load and renew fruiting wood in highly productive sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) combinations. Although Chilean growers did not previously prune cherry trees of more vigorous combinations, in recent years, the adoption of more dwarfing rootstocks and self-fertile cultivars has led to...
M. Villasante, S. Godoy, J.P. Zoffoli, and M. Ayala. 2012. Pruning effects on growth and fruit quality of 'Bing'/'Gisela (R) 5' and 'ffingTGisela@6' sweet cherry trees (Prunus ovum:). Cien. Inv. Agr. 39(1): 117-126. Annual pruning is one of the most efficient ways to regulate crop load and renew fruiting wood in highly productive sweet cherry (Prun...
The Chilean fresh fruit is a mature industry, which generates economic resources for the country, contributing with 42.7% of Gross Domestic Product (GDB) generated for agricultural forestry sector. Also, Chile is considered a leader of South Hemisphere in terms of export of fresh fruit in counter season with about a 50% of the out off season fresh...
Table grapes produce clusters of berries on deciduous woody vines. The berries are simple non-climacteric fleshy fruits. Currently, 'Thompson Seedless', 'Red Globe' and 'Flame Seedless' are the main cultivars worldwide. The growth period lasts for 100 to 120 days after full bloom, and grapes are harvested with 15 to 17% total soluble solids (TSS) a...
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea and hairline cracks are the major cold storage deterioration problems of table grapes (Vitis vinifera). Currently, table grapes are treated with sulfur dioxide (SO2), but this treatment does not sufficiently and consistently control B. cinerea. This is probably associated with latent infections that are poorly c...
Over 54,600 ha of table grapes (Vitis vinifera), mainly cvs. ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Redglobe’, are planted in Chile. Almost the entire production is exported to the USA, Europe, Asia, or one of several Latin American countries, which typically requires 15–40 d of maritime transportation. During this period, several physical, phy...
Sunburn is one of the major physiological disorders affecting fruit quality at harvest. The objective of this work was to study the effect of sunburn on the quality of Granny Smith apples during cold storage at 0°C. Therefore, 'Granny Smith' apples with light, modérate, or severe sunburn damage were stored for three and six months at 0°C plus 15 da...
Pitting caused by impact bruising is one of the main causes of deterioration of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) in commercial production. Different levels of crop load were obtained on four-year-old central leader 'Van' sweet cherry trees. The natural crop load (25 spurs/m, with no spur thinning) was compared with a spur thinning treatment (20 spurs...
Sunburn is one of the major physiological disorders affecting fruit quality at harvest. The objective of this work was to study the effect of sunburn on the quality of Granny Smith apples during cold storage at 0°C. Therefore, 'Granny Smith' apples with light, moderate, or severe sunburn damage were stored for three and six months at 0°C plus 15 da...
Hairline cracks, which developed after harvest among SO2-treated table grapes, were characterized by small, fine, longitudinal, cracking lines, almost undetectable with the naked eye. Juice exudation from the cracks resulted in a wet and sticky berry skin. Hairline cracks, which we propose to term ‘hairline’, were distinctively different from split...
Harvest maturity of kiwifruit and the time at which fruit were packed into a modified atmosphere bag, were the two factors used to study the effectiveness of MAP (modified atmosphere packaging) technology, using fruit from two orchards. Fruit were harvested at four times, over a range of soluble solids from 5.8% to 9.8%, firmness 76 N to 62.3 N and...
In Chile, gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) and leak (Rhizopus stolonifer) are the major storage diseases of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) that considerably reduce yields and quality, limiting its international commercialization. The effect of preharvest fungicide treatments and postharvest treatments against storage decays was studied. Based o...
Postharvest diseases are the most important factors that limit commercial export of Chilean table grapes (Vitis vinifera). In recent years, blue mold decay caused by Penicillium expansum has frequently appeared on Red Globe (RG) grapes after long term (>60 days) cold storage, causing important economical losses. Isolates of P. expansum obtained fro...
The susceptibility of mealiness and flesh browning physiological disorders was evaluated after 3, 5 and 6 weeks on ripe 'Sweet September,' 'September Sun,' 'Ryan Sun' and 'Rosario Red' peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) cultivars harvested at three maturities and stored under modified atmosphere packaging ((MAP) experimental bag P2UC 965 (Chile))....
Raspberries have a short shelf life, which limits their fresh market potential. Fruit firmness is one of the most important characteristics for a fresh market cultivar, which is related to both the stage of maturity and the variety itself. Fruit retention strength define as the tension force needed to remove the receptacle from the fruit, decreases...
Continuous ozone exposure at 0.3 ppm (v/v) (US-OSHA Threshold Limit Value for short term exposure) inhibited aerial mycelial growth and sporulation on ‘Elegant Lady’ peaches wound inoculated with Monilinia fructicola, Botrytis cinerea, Mucor piriformis, or Penicillium expansum and stored for 4 weeks at 5 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH). Aerial gr...
Sulfur dioxide generating pads are used worldwide for the control of gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, during long-term cold storage and/or export shipment of table grapes. We propose using an emission rate (measured in μmol SO2 per kilogram of fruit exposed per hour of exposure) to assess the amount of sulfur dioxide that a generating pad sho...
Flesh browning, mealiness and softening are the main causes of postharvest deterioration of peaches and nectarines. The gas application of three concentrations of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (0.5; 1.0; 1.5 g/m 3) was evaluated on one peach ('September Sun'), and two nectarine ('Arctic Snow' and 'Flamekist') cultivars stored for 17, 23 and 34 days...
Con el propósito de desarrollar una herramienta que permita cuantificar la firmeza de las bayas de uva, durante la temporada 1999 se cosecharon 120 racimos de la variedad Thompson seedless desde tres localidades de la zona central de Chile: Llay-Llay, San Francisco de Mostazal y Naicura. Sesenta racimos considerados con bayas firmes y sesenta con b...
The effect of low temperature storage on ripening capacity of kiwifruit was studied on fruit from four different orchards in the Curico area of Chile. The fruit was stored at 0°C for 0, 10, 25 and 35 days and ripened for 10 days at 20°C in an atmosphere free of ethylene. Fruit firmness was assessed at the end of the ripening period and ethylene pro...