Juan C Suárez-Bermejo

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | UPM · Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales

Experimental study of the damage energy is a reproduction of the GFRP vessels’ slamming in the sea. The investigation was carried out to the laboratories by the construction of two types of GFRP panels: viscoelastic and non- viscoelastic modified. Through a bending test, the data collection was developed to get the measurement of the variables in k...

In this work we investigated slamming impact damages on symmetric GFRP for high-speed boats’ hulls, and two ways to reduce it, the first one consisting in inserting a Kevlar’s layer, while the second one consists in putting a 3D-printed sacrificial viscoelastic panel on top of the composite. Both the solution showed good reduction in impact damage...

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art developments in health monitoring of marine structures. Monitoring the health of marine structures plays a key role in reducing the risk of structural failure. The authors establish the different sensors with their theoretical foundations and applications in order to determine the o...

The use of viscoelastic sheets in the hull of vessels built from GFRP has been raised in previous works as an option to protect the vessel from the destructive damage of slamming. The present work proposes its use in boats previously built by adhering to the outside of the hulls of the ships. Its installation process is shown, and this new type of...

The aim of the paper is to study the influence on the structural strength assessment, in terms of fore end weight, in the conversion process from a conventional to an inverted bow hull of a platform supply vessel under bow flare impact loads. Linear and elastic buckling analyses of the corner bracket connection (deck beam with web frame) located in...

The aim of the work is to evaluate different design alternatives to obtain criteria for the selection of the most effective design by fatigue strength assessment of the local cut-out as a result of the connection between the longitudinal or ordinary stiffener and the transverse web frame (longi-web) in the side hull structure (upper wing torsional...

The aim of this study was to evaluate by means of numerical analysis the structure of the torsion box of a 2400 TEU feeder container ship, from the establishment of the fatigue limit state and the ultimate limit state along its perimeter. By using the fatigue limit state and different geometrical alternatives, relative to the local dimensions of th...

A new method is proposed to perform Mueller matrix polarimetry using a Full Poincaré beam (i.e., a non-uniformly polarized beam presenting all polarization states across its section) as a parallel polarization state generator and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera as a detector of the polarization state analyzer. In this way, the polarization cha...

One of the most common applications of glass fiber composite materials (GFRP) is the manufacturing of the hulls of high-speed boats. During navigation, the hull of these boats is subjected to repetitive impacts against the free surface of the water (slamming effect), which can cause severe damage to the material. To better understand the behavior o...

This study presents the option of an effective low-impact energy dissipating material applied to GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) composite laminates using auxectic technology in the case of planing hull vessels that use the same high-speed light materials that repeatedly impact the surface of the water when sailing, producing a slamming pheno...

Openings and cut-outs are widely used in ship structures for inspection, maintenance, service purposes, and lightning of the structure, reducing the buckling strength of the plates. This paper presents linear and elastic buckling analyses of the perforated plates, located in the double bottom floor of a container ship, under mutual interaction of b...

For the design of vessels built by GFRP laminates, an insert with a memory foam layer is proposed to reduce the spread of damage produced by the vertical impact of the ship's bottom with the sea or slamming phenomenon. Using vertical drops- weight impact machine that reproduces the energy inferred to the panel during navigation, the propagation of...

Shipbuilding with steel elements has changed little over the past 100 years. The introduction of hybrid materials has led to certain changes in construction methodology and in the calculation of structure and fabrication in shipyards. This study assesses a welded/adhesively joint used as a primary element union. It is made of steel and is used with...

The aim of the work is to evaluate various designs in order to arrive at some guidelines for choosing a good standard design by means of a fatigue damage analysis in the connection between longitudinal stiffener and transverse web frame on container ship side-shell structure located in the upper wing torsional box. Design proposals and recommendati...

Currently, the procurement of lightweight, tough, and impact resistant materials is garnering significant industrial interest. New hybrid materials can be developed on the basis of the numerous naturally found materials with gradient properties found in nature. However, previous studies on granular materials demonstrate the possibility of capturing...

This research shows the results of an experimental investigation carried out on the compression behavior of hybrid steel tubes formed by two concentric steel tubes and four different fillers of non-metallic material interposed between both tubes: polyurethane foam, polyurethane, epoxy and a cement-based mortar. The tests show that the incorporation...

A wide class of nonuniformly totally polarized beams that preserve their transverse polarization pattern during paraxial propagation was studied. Beams of this type are of interest, in particular, in polarimetric techniques that use a single input beam for the determination of the Mueller matrix of a homogeneous sample. In these cases, in fact, it...

Container ships has a transverse section in the form of an open profile, making it very sensitive to torsion phenomena. To minimize this effect, a structure known as a torsion box exists, which is subject to high stresses influenced by the fatigue phenomenon and the existence of cut-outs, for the passage of the longitudinal stiffeners, acting as st...

This study describes a methodology that allows evaluating the behavior of a glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate impacted by a vertical weight drop, analyzing the damage that occurred inside. The purpose of the designers was, by means of characterization tests of the curing processes, evaluation of the cohesion of a particular laminate, a...

Fatigue is one of the main failure modes in marine structures, and it is caused by the strong cyclic characteristics of the loads they support. This failure mode is amplified in areas of high stress concentration, such as at the intersection of primary and secondary elements. In this paper, a two-phase study is proposed that compares numerical and...

A wide class of nonuniformly totally polarized beams is introduced that preserve their transverse polarization pattern during paraxial propagation. They are obtained as suitable combinations of Gaussian modes and find applications in polarimetric techniques that use a single input beam for the determination of the Mueller matrix of a homogeneous sa...

Recently, the use of full Poincaré beams for extracting the Mueller matrix of a sample has been proposed. These beams present all possible polarization states across their transverse section. By placing a CCD camera behind a simple polarization analyzer formed by a quarter wave phase plate and a linear polarizer, a polarization map of the beam cros...

Full Poincaré beams have been recently applied in polarimetry for determining the Mueller matrix of homogeneus samples. Such matrix can be obtained from the measured Stokes parameters at four selected points across the transverse section of a full Poincaré beam before and after the sample. Since the transverse section of a full Poincaré beam contai...

A laboratory methodology is proposed, which allows to evaluate the evolution of intralaminar and interlaminar damage, for the hull of vessels built with reinforced polymer and fiberglass - (GFRP) modified viscoelastically, subjected to low energy impacts reproducing the blow of slamming during your navigation at half speed. The method proposes the...

One of the most important applications of adhesives in shipbuilding is the manufacturing of structural laminated materials. The application of these types of hybrid materials in a marine environment for extended periods of time and under adverse environmental conditions results in the accelerated degradation of the adhesive. Therefore, a specific e...

Full Poincaré beams (FPBs) are proposed for polarimetric applications. Such beams present all states of totally polarized light across their transverse section at once and therefore can be considered as parallel polarization state generators. A simple setup, including a FPB as input light, has been designed and implemented to measure the Mueller ma...

Traditional hybrid adhesive joints have been frequently used to join composite with metals as they provide a greater rigidity, higher failure stress than conventional mechanical bonding and a progressive ductile failure. However, this joining continues to require drilling the adherends and have got more weight than the adhesive bonds. A technical o...

Due to the good strength and similar toughness of epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins are widely used as thermoset adhesives in structural adhesive joints and as composites for different industrial applications. However, vinyl ester adhesives are difficult to cure completely under environmental conditions, even after long periods of time because of ge...

Different amounts (0.1–5wt%) of graphite nanoplatelets (GNs) were added to vinylester (VE) for improving the properties of the composites cured at 25°C. The addition of 0.1wt% GN only increased the Tg and the thermal stability of the composite cured at 25°C. Furthermore, the addition of GN increased both the tensile strength and elongation-at-break...

This paper proposes a methodology that employs an experimental apparatus that reproduces, in pre-impregnated and cured out-of-autoclave Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) panels, the phenomenon of slamming or impact on the bottom of a high-speed boat during planing. The pressure limits in the simulation are defined by employing a finite element...

One of the most relevant applications of adhesives in shipbuilding is the manufacturing of structural laminated materials. In this study, a new sandwich structure with a polyurethane adhesive joint, composite material and steel is evaluated. The use of this material in a marine environment for long periods of time and under adverse environmental co...

Vinyl ester (VE) resins are widely used as thermoset adhesives in structural joints and composites, but complete curing under environmental conditions is not produced. The existing literature dealing with the effect of post-curing on the structure, viscoelastic, mechanical, and adhesion properties of VE resin is scarce. Therefore, in this study, VE...

The end-notched flexure (ENF) test calculates the value of mode II fracture energy in adhe-sive bonding between the substrates of same nature. Traditional methods of calculating fracture energy in the ENF test are not suitable in cases where the thickness of the adhesive is non-negligible compared with adherent thicknesses. To address this issue, a...

The composite materials of the polymeric matrix reinforced with carbon fibre have an extensive industrial application as they provide light and resistant structures. However, in many products (automobiles, aircraft, etc.), the composite materials must be joined to other components manufactured with aluminium alloys. The use of structural adhesive t...

The adhesives used for applications in marine environments are subject to particular chemical conditions, which are mainly characterised by an elevated chlorine ion content and intermittent wetting/drying cycles, among others. These conditions can limit the use of adhesives due to the degradation processes that they experience. In this work, the ch...

Water hammer imposes a steep rise in pipe pressure due to the rapid closure of a valve or a pump shutdown. Transversal strain waves propagate along the pipe wall at sonic velocities, and dynamic stresses are developed in the material, which can interact with discontinuities and contribute to an unexpected failure. Pressure increase has been modeled...

Composite materials are widely becoming the choices for many structural applications especially in offshore industry fields, driven by lightweight and corrosion resistance compared to traditional metal. Until recently, interest has focused on the use of them in support structures of offshore wind turbines (OWT). The prospect of deep water explorati...

To be able to predict the strength of adhesive joints accurately, correct material data of adhesives are essential. Hence, it is critical to develop reliable testing methods to obtain the constitutive behaviour of adhesive layers. In use, adhesives are constrained to thin layers. Thus, an adhesive constrained into a layer is expected to behave diff...

Fibre–metal hybrid laminates combine layers of metal with laminates made of composites – polymeric matrix reinforced with glass-fibre woven fabric. Interface behaviour plays a fundamental role in the overall properties of the hybrid material, especially in the failure mode by debonding buckling of the outermost metal layer. A proper measurement of...

For the next generation of ships, the Navy is looking to stealthier hull technologies, specifically those which create lower magnetic, acoustic, hydrodynamic, radar, and thermal signatures This calls for new materials for combatant vessels, capable of satisfying all these design and fabrication requirements for lighter structures that are in turn m...

A test program has been designed for the testing of several deck-to-hull adhesive joints in order to assess the strength and performance while in-service conditions, and the dynamic behavior under cyclic loads of the adhesive bonding in the presence of a debonded area. The tests have also been used for benchmarking of several different adhesive sys...

A considerable number of crack tip opening displacement tests in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of multipass welds, performed in accordance with standards BS 5762 and EEMUA, are rejected since the crack is not inside the coarse grain region at 0.5 mm from the fusion border, as well as the quantity of the crack length in percentage, that the crack goe...

A considerable number of crack tip opening displacement tests in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of multipass welds, performed in accordance with standards BS 5762 and EEMUA, are rejected since the crack is not inside the coarse grain region at 0.5 mm from the fusion border, as well as the quantity of the crack length in percentage, that the crack goe...

Resumen. En la ETS de Ingenieros Navales de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid está en marcha un programa de investigación con el propósito de desarrollar un material híbrido fibra-metal adecuado para su empleo en construcción naval y en aplicaciones de ingeniería oceánica, denominado MaLECoN: Material Laminado Estructural para Construcción Naval...

Resumen. El Protocolo para la determinación de la Energía de Fractura Adhesiva en modo I, GIC, de uniones adhesivas estructurales usando la probeta de doble viga en voladizo (DCB) ha sido desarrollado por B. R. K. Blackman y A. J. Kinloch. Sin embargo, sólo se considera el caso en que los dos adherentes unidos por el adhesivo sean del mismo materia...

Transient and residual strains in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of a TIG arc welded aluminium–magnesium alloy test plate have been measured on line using fibre Bragg grating sensors. The optical fibre sensor operates as a reflection filter: when a light beam travelling along the fibre optic reaches the Bragg grating, only a certain wavelength will b...

The selection of an adhesive for a particular application is not as easy as endeavour as it might originally appear. To achieve optimum performance when bonding two materials, one must carefully plan every stage of the bonding process. The selection of an adhesive is a critical factor that will influence each step. The adhesive selection will be de...

The selectton ofan adhesive fbr a particular application is not as easy as cndcavour as it rnight originally appear. To achieve optimum performance when bonding two materials. one must carefully plan every stage of the bonding process. The selection of an adhcsive is a critical factor that will influence each step. The adhesive selection will be de...

Investigated is the dependency of the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) on the local microstructure of the heat affected zone in high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) microalloyed steel. Since the initiation of the crack tip location could not be controlled in fatigue, any possible correlation between heat iput in welding and fracture toughness could...

The addition of microalloying elements to a low carbon steel, followed by a thermomechanical treatment, gives rise to a high strength tough material which is also weldable. To predict a priori the microstructure after a welding thermal cycle, a numerical model of the grain growth process has been developed following that proposed by Aashby and East...

The weldability of HSLA steels is reviewed in relation to their microstructure in the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) when they are subjected to welding heat cycles using a simulation technique. The presence of precipitates of alloying elements is of the utmost importance for controlling grain size, on which the good mechanical properties of these steels...

The polished surface welding technique has been applied to study the influence of controlled thermal cycles on the appearance of pearlite nodules in the HAZ of cast iron samples. The study was made using the SEM technique.

Specimens of a steel (0.35% C) and a pearlitic cast iron (C.E. = 4.3%) were diffusion bonded to Armco iron by heat treatment at 880°C for times ranging from 10 to 30 min. The ferrite phase of Armco iron became enriched with carbon from the steel, or from the cast iron, and eventually part of it was transformed to austenite when the carbon content w...

A test program has been designed for the testing of several Deck-to-Hull adhesive joints in order to assess the strength and performance while in-service conditions, and the dynamic behaviour under cyclic loads of the adhesive bonding in the presence of a debonded area. The tests have been also used for benchmarking of several different adhesives s...

Resumen. En los materiales híbridos estructurales fibra-metal se combinan láminas alternativas de metal con material compuesto de matriz polimérica y refuerzo de fibra de vidrio. La transferencia de carga de unas láminas a otras tiene lugar a través de la intercara que constituye la unión adhesiva de ambos materiales. El comportamiento de esta unió...

Molecular simulation is becoming a very powerful tool for studying dynamic phenomena in materials. The simulation yields information about interaction at length and time scales unattainable by experimental measurements and unpredictable by continuum theories. This is especially meaningful when referring to bonding between a polymer and a metal subs...

Teniendo en cuenta que Ciencia es la doctrina metódica formada y ordenada que constituye una rama particular del saber humano, e Ingeniería es el conjunto de conocimientos y técnicas que permiten aplicar el saber científico a la utilización de la materia y las fuentes de energía, la docencia de las asignaturas que vinculan ambos aspectos, Ciencia e...

Existe la necesidad perentoria de nuevos materiales para construcción naval que sean capaces de satisfacerlos requerimientos de diseño y fabricación de estructuras más ligeras, a la vez que resistentes, que permitan velocidades de desplazamiento más elevadas y menores consumos energéticos. El acero presenta una serie de limitaciones que dificultan...

Los Materiales híbridos estructurales combinan componentes de muy distinta naturaleza (orgánica e inorgánica) para obtener propiedades superiores como consecuencia de la estructura jerárquica en la organización de dichos componentes. Por lo tanto, es necesaria, una completa caracterización micro estructural para poder relacionarla con las propiedad...