Juan Alberto Sanchis Llopis

University of Valencia | UV · Departamento de Estructura Econòmica (Economía Aplicada II)

This paper analyses the dynamic linkages between firms’ imports of intermediate inputs and exports, for Colombia, an emerging economy. We use data for manufacturing firms from the Colombian Annual Manufacturing Survey, for the period 2007-2016. We specially focus on the identification of direct and indirect effects of past importing/exporting exper...

This paper simulates the response of Spanish labour supply to income tax changes using estimates for the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of leisure. These elasticities are obtained from a pseudo-panel that has been built combining information of the EPA and the ECPF, for the period 1987-1997. Our results indicate that there is room for aff...

In this article we explore the factors contributing to reduce the distance of laggard firms to the European frontier, focusing on institutional factors. To characterize Total Factor Productivity frontier firms within industries for the European Union we use firm level data from AMADEUS for the period 2003–2014. Our findings provide evidence on the...

Despite the generosity of its tax system, Spain is far from EU countries in terms of R&D spending and innovation outcomes. A policy instrument commonly used to foster firms’ R&D investment are tax incentives. The use of this instrument is not generalized in firms spending on R&D, and only a fraction of firms are regular claimants. This paper invest...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of two trading strategies (exporting and importing) on total factor productivity (TFP) and the potential complementarity/ substitutability effects of these strategies. In order to assess these effects, robust estimates of TFP are obtained using a general method of moments approach that explicitly d...

This paper analyses the role of gender of the chief executive officer (CEO) on the propensity to introduce innovations using a sample of 1405 Spanish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We examine whether there are significant differences between female- and male-led businesses in terms of their propensity to innovate, and whether these dif...

The aim of this paper is testing the three first-order conditions of an intertemporal optimization model for a representative individual who chooses simultaneously for her level of consumption and leisure, assuming a separable utility function. We estimate these conditions jointly in a system of equations, using a Spanish pseudo-panel data set buil...

Existing literature recognizes the possible role of trade policy and firms’ exposure to international trade as determinants of productivity. A strand of the literature sheds light on the effects of trade policy changes on firm-level productivity. Another strand studies the relationship between firms’ trade status (exporting production or importing...

This paper analyses the involvement of small firms in international trade activities by identifying the comprehensive impact of innovation. Specifically, we study how innovation introduced by these firms determines the entrepreneurial decision-making process regarding whether to engage in exporting and/or importing. Our results confirm the interrel...

The Spanish economy was one of those most hit by the Great Recession in the euro area. It suffered a huge decrease in gross domestic product (GDP), affecting especially internal demand, and in business and enterprises’ research and development (R&D) expenditures, but experienced an important increase in exports as regard to the precrisis years (the...

This paper investigates the implications of aggregation in empirical analyses of Euler equations for consumption. We compare the results obtained after estimating the same model using total and non-durable microeconomic consumption data, from the maximum aggregation level (Spanish National Accounts) to household data from the Spanish Expenditure Su...

The aim in this paper is analysing the role of sourcing intermediate inputs internationally on export decisions, distinguishing whether intermediates are sourced from firms belonging to the same business group or from independent suppliers. To analyse firms’ export decisions, we use a specification that also accounts for sunk costs and accumulated...

This work analyses the firms’ internationalization strategies of importing intermediates and exporting output, and the potential rewards of these activities in terms of total factor productivity (TFP), as a proxy for marginal costs, and markups. It further deepens into the study of the relationship between internationalization strategies and markup...

This paper examines the impact of different types of innovation on the business performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using a multi-dimensional analytical approach. Based on a wide sample of Spanish SMEs, our results highlight the existence of positive impacts of innovation on financial and operational dimensions of business perf...

This paper investigates the implications of aggregation in empirical analyses of Euler equations for consumption. We compare the results obtained after estimating the same model using total and non-durable microeconomic consumption data, from the maximum aggregation level (Spanish National Accounts) to household data from the Spanish Expenditure Su...

This article examines the impact of product, process and organisational innovations on two alternative dimensions of business performance: finance and operations. Two indicators capture financial performance: sales increase and production cost reduction. Operational firm performance is captured by two alternative indicators: productive capacity aug...

In this paper we investigate the implications of aggregation in empirical analyses of Euler equations for consumption. We compare the results obtained after estimating the same model using total and non-durable microeconomic consumption data, from the maximum aggregation level (Spanish National Accounts) to household data from the Spanish Expenditu...

In this paper we investigate the implications of aggregation in empirical analyses of Euler equations for consumption. We compare the results obtained after estimating the same model, using total and non-durable microeconomic consumption household data, from the maximum aggregation level (National Accounts) to individual data from the Spanish Expen...

The aim of this study is to ascertain the impact of two firm innovation strategies—namely, intramural R&D and external R&D, including either contracted R&D and import of technology, upon total factor productivity (TFP). In order to evaluate these effects we consider robust estimates of TFP through a GMM approach where we account for the diverse inn...

The literature on firm productivity recognizes the important role played by firm innovation activities on firm productivity in developed countries. However, the literature for developing and emerging economies is scarce and far from conclusive. The aim of this paper is to study the innovation-productivity link (distinguishing between process and pr...

This article provides evidence on the effect of the Great Recession on productivity convergence among European Union (EU) economies. We use firm data, aggregated at the country-year level, to analyse the evolution of beta-convergence on total factor productivity (TFP) for 2003–2014. We obtain a positive impact of the recession on TFP (unconditional...

This paper experimentally analyses the relationship between cognitive ability and strategic behaviour. In our experiment, individuals play in a sequential game, where computing the equilibrium is challenging. On completion of the game, we measure each player’s cognitive ability using Raven’s Progressive Matrices test. Our results reveal that the nu...

In this paper we experimentally test Schelling’s (1971) segregation model and confirm the striking result of segregation. In addition, we extend Schelling’s model theoretically by adding strategic behaviour and moving costs. We obtain a unique subgame perfect equilibrium in which rational agents facing moving costs may find it optimal not to move (...

This article introduces the special issue on Entrepreneurship and the Business Cycle, comprising articles presented at the workshop Good Times Bad Times: Entrepreneurship and the Cycle, held at the University of Valencia in November 2011. The workshop was organized to share insights about the under-researched issue of the interplay between entrepre...

This paper analyses whether undertaking R&D activities allows SMEs to attenuate the negative impact of recessions on productivity. In contrast to other studies we use a firm level indicator of the cycle based on firms’ own perceptions, while total factor productivity is obtained using a control function methodology in which we recognise the potenti...

This paper analyses the relationship between total factor productivity(TFP) and innovation-related variables during the second half of the twentieth century. We perform this analysis for several European countries (France, Germany, UK and Spain) and the USA, extending Coe and Helpman's (Eur Econ Rev 39:859-887, 1995) empirical specification to incl...

This paper explores the link between exports and total factor productivity (TFP) for Brazilian manufacturing firms over the period 2000–2008, both under the assumption of an exogenous or an endogenous law of motion for productivity. The authors first obtain TFP estimates under each alternative assumption following Wooldridge (On estimating firm-lev...

We investigate the role of internal and external financial constraints in the firms' joint decision to export and invest in R&D. We use objective measures at the firm level such as cash flow and financial costs. We further analyze both if firms' size and the onset of the current economic crisis have had an impact. We estimate our model with Spanish...

This paper estimates a dynamic model of a firm's decision to export and invest in R&D, in which we allow past export and R&D experience to endogenously affect productivity. In our empirical strategy, we proceed in two steps: in the first step, using as starting point the traditional control approach method to estimate total factor productivity, we...

This paper analyses the sources of persistence in conducting R&D activities by SMEs. The data used are a panel of Spanish manufacturing firms drawn from the Survey of Business Strategies, for the period 1990-2011. We estimate discrete time proportional hazard models accounting for firm observed and unobserved heterogeneity. Our results are consiste...

This article analyses whether the productivity gains associated with Learning-by-Exporting (LBE) (controlling for self-selection) depend on the intensity of the firm's exporting activity. The results from a representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms indicate that the yearly average gains in productivity are larger for those firms that inc...

En este artículo se exploran los posibles efectos de la introducción de innovaciones de proceso en el crecimiento de la productividad de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES). Para ello se presta especial atención a la existencia de un problema de selección no aleatorio en la implementación de tales innovaciones. En primer lugar, se analiza si s...

Self-selection and learning-by-exporting are the main explanations for the higher productivity of exporting firms. But, whereas evidence on self-selection is largely undisputed, results on learning-by-exporting are mixed and far from conclusive. However, recent research (De Loecker, 2010) has shown that the conclusions from previous learning-by-exp...

In this study we analyse the effect of both foreign and domestic technological innovation on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) for Spain in the second half of the XXth century. For this purpose we estimate an extended version of Coe and Helpman (1995) model including a general human capital variable. The foreign and domestic stock of knowledge have b...

In this study we analyse the effect of both foreign and domestic technological innovation on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) for Spain in the second half of the XXth century. For this purpose we estimate an extended version of Coe and Helpman (1995) model including a general human capital variable. The foreign and domestic stock of knowledge have b...

En este trabajo se realiza una descomposición del crecimiento de las exportaciones de manufacturas españolas en sus márgenes extensivo e intensivo. A su vez, cada margen está formado por dos componentes: las nuevas relaciones de comercio y su valor (para el margen extensivo); y, las transacciones comerciales que sobreviven y su cambio de valor (par...

Firms may exit the market in several ways, mainly through voluntary liquidation, bankruptcy, merger and acquisition, and each form of exit is likely to be caused by different factors (Schary, 1991). This paper explores the determinants of different exit routes. Using a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms for 1990- 2000, we estimate a competing ri...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of the 1999 Spanish Income Tax Reform on progressivity, both in terms of structural progressivity and in terms of effective progressivity. Structural progressivity is measured using the average rate progression index and the marginal rate progression index. To assess the change in effective progressi...

Este trabajo analiza el impacto de la innovación, tanto doméstica como extranjera, sobre la evolución de la Productividad Total de los Factores (PTF) de la economía española en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Para ello se estima una versión revisada de la especificación empírica de Coe y Helpman (1995), en la que el stock de conocimiento doméstico y...

In this paper we experimentally test Schelling's (1971) segregation model and confirm the striking result of segregation. In addition, we extend Schelling's model theo- retically by adding strategic behavior and moving costs. We obtain a unique subgame perfect equilibrium in which rational agents facing moving costs may find it optimal not to move...

In this paper we explore in depth the direct effect of process innovations on total factor productivity growth for small and medium enterprises. First, we analyse whether the ex-ante more productive SMEs are those that start introducing process innovations; then, we test whether process innovations boost SME productivity growth using matching techn...

En este trabajo se analiza el crecimiento del gasto en I+D de las empresas manufactureras españolas a través de su descomposición en tres componentes que recogen la iniciación en la realización de actividades de I+D, su persistencia y su nivel de intensificación. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales para el período 1990-2...

El arancel es el instrumento de política comercial más importante para proteger la producción doméstica de un país frente a la competencia exterior. La aplicación práctica del arancel es compleja puesto que implica conocer conceptos tales como el valor en aduana, el origen de las mercancías, etc. Este artículo presenta en un caso práctico cómo apli...

The economics of recombinant knowledge is a promising field of investigation. New technological systems emerge when strong cores of complementary knowledge consolidate and feed an array of coherent applications and implementations. However, diminishing returns to recombination eventually emerge, and the rates of growth of technological systems grad...

Abstract The trade literature has long discussed the existence of some benefits attributed to exporting, among others, the improvement of firm productivity. This paper examines whether firm size plays a role in this supposedly favourable relationship between exporting and total factor productivity (TFP). To examine this, we investigate, separately...

El análisis de los efectos de cambios en el sistema fiscal, especialmente del impuesto sobre la renta, sobre la oferta de trabajo de las mujeres casadas constituye un tema de elevado interés dentro de la literatura económica y desde el punto de vista de la política económica. Hasta 1987 el IRPF español era un impuesto de declaración

This paper discusses celebrity participation in social marketing programs focusing on public health, especially on HIV programs. The research identifies the inhibitions of celebrity people and implications that this involvement may have upon their lives. The paper analysis data from in-depth interviews made to twenty-seven Portuguese celebrities fr...

This article shows the results of experiments where subjects play the Schilling's spatial proximity model. Two types of experiments are conducted: one in which choices are made sequentially and a variation of the first where the decision making is simultaneous. The results of the sequential experiments are identical to Schilling's prediction: subje...

Este artículo resume los principales resultados obtenidos por este grupo de investigación – Proyecto PRY115/09 perteneciente a la convocatoria de proyectos de investigación de 2009 de la Fundación Centro de Estudios Andaluces- sobre las políticas de promoción empresarial, dividiéndolos en dos tipos: los que pueden convertirse en guías útiles para m...

We present a dynamic empirical model of a firm's R&D decisions that is consistent with the existence of sunk R&D costs, taking into account that these costs may differ between small and large firms, and among different technological regimes. We estimate a multivariate dynamic discrete choice model using firm-level data of Spanish manufacturing for...

Recent research has related the firm decision to export with firm innovation activities and productivity. The aim of this paper is to disentangle the direct and indirect links through which self-selection into exports, coming both from productivity and innovation, may operate. For this purpose we use Spanish manufacturing firm data for the period 1...

This paper examines whether firms starting to sell to more global markets, because they export, enjoy better total factor productivity (TFP) prospects than non-exporting firms. We investigate both if they perform better ex-ante (self-selection) and if they are also more productive ex-post (learning-by-exporting). We use non-parametric Kolmogorov-Sm...

This paper analyses the evolution of the participation rate and export intensity for Spanish manufacturing for the 90s, and compare them internationally using a sample of 13 countries. Further, the article also studies how these variables explain the evolution of aggregate manufacturing exports. The data for Spain have been drawn from the Encuesta...

This paper discusses celebrity participation in social marketing programs focusing on public health, especially on HIV programs. The research identifies the inhibitions of celebrity people and implications that this involvement may have upon their lives. The paper analysis data from in-depth interviews made to twenty-seven Portuguese celebrities fr...

The trade literature has long discussed the existence of some benefits attributed to exporting (learning-by-exporting), among others, the improvement in survival chances. This paper examines whether exporting SMEs enjoy better survival prospects than non-exporting SMEs. We investigate the determinants of survival of exporting and non-exporting SMEs...

We test the sunk costs explanation for hysteresis in exports using a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms for the period 1990–2000, allowing for sunk costs to be different for small and large firms. The data are drawn from the Spanish Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales. To obtain consistent estimates for sunk costs, we control for all other...

We use comparable micro level panel data for 14 countries and a set of identically specified empirical models to investigate the relationship between exports and productivity. Our overall results are in line with the big picture that is by now familiar from the literature: exporters are more productive than non-exporters when observed and unobserve...

Since there exists in this literature a common interest to unravel the sources of both permanence in the self-employment status and firm survival, the present chapter is devoted to provide guidelines to applied researchers about which methods are suitable for any particular application related to self-employment and firm survival. Further, it shoul...

This volume provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical concepts and empirical models of entrepreneurship from a non-conventional perspective. Its main purpose is to contribute to the design of an efficient system of indicators of entrepreneurship and competitiveness. The existence of a gap between the theory of entrepreneurship and the meth...

The aim of this piece of research is to analyse how inflation erodes the income tax systems, and how that may change its distributional properties. We further investigate the effects of the 2003 tax reform. Although the Spanish government claimed that this reform would reduce tax liabilities, many argue that this reform only offsets the effects of...

We use comparable micro level panel data for 14 countries and a set of identically specified empirical models to investigate the relationship between exports and productivity. Our overall results are in line with the big picture that is by now familiar from the literature: Exporters are more productive than non-exporters when observed and unobserve...

Two main findings in the trade literature are that exporters are better than non-exporters, and the existence of a high persistence in the export status. The evidence so far provides more support to the argument of the self-selection of the more efficient firms into exporting in presence of entry sunk costs, than to the existence of benefits attrib...

We analyse the growth of corporate R&D in the Spanish manufacturing sector through its decomposition into the extensive and intensive margins. These margins are decomposed into three distinct components: starting new R&D activities; R&D activities that survive or persist; and deepening existing R&D efforts. The data used is a panel of Spanish manuf...

The aim of this research is to analyse how inflation induced erosions of the nominally defined items of the tax rules of the Spanish income tax system, and how that may change distributional and revenue generating properties of income taxes. We further investigate the effects of the tax reform carried out in 2003. Although the Spanish government cl...

This paper analyses the differences in total factor productivity between R&D investing firms and firms that do not undertake these activities. We allow for a two way relationship between R&D and productivity by applying non-parametric testing procedures and the concept of stochastic dominance. Firm data are drawn from the Spanish Encuesta sobre Est...

This paper examines the relationship between private and public consumption using Spanish data over the period 1960-2003, using a two-good permanent-income model. We extend previous analysis addressing the question of whether this relationship is stable over time, or exhibits a structural break allowing the instability to occur at an unknown point...

The aim of this research is to analyse how inflation induced erosions of the nominally defined items of the tax rules of the Spanish income tax system may change distributional and revenue generating properties of income taxes. We further investigate the effects of the tax reform carried out in 2003. Although the Spanish government claimed that thi...

En este trabajo examinamos las diferencias en la productividad total de los factores de las empresas que invierten en actividades de I+D frente a las que no invierten en dichas actividades. Estudiamos la posible relación bidireccional entre I+D y productividad analizando si son las empresas más productivas las que invierten en I+D y/o si el hecho d...

This paper aims to empirically analyse the determinants of the decision to export using a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms during the 1990s. The data are drawn from the Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales. A panel data probit model is used that is estimated using maximum-likelihood techniques. The results show that regional and local spil...

This paper analyses the factors determining Spanish manufacturing firms’ survival–and exit. The data are drawn from the survey Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales for the period 1990–1999. The methodology includes both non-parametric techniques and the estimation of a Cox proportional hazards model (CPHM). Our results suggest that the probabil...

El objetivo de este trabajo es plantear teoricamente el estudio de los efectos que los hijos imponen sobre las decisiones de demanda del hogar (los costes de los hijos, por ejemplo), tanto desde el punto de vista dinamico como estatico, utilizando el concepto de separabilidad demografica. Ademas, establecer la relacion entre ambos conceptos teorico...

The aim of this paper is to address the question of how children affect household life-cycle expenditure patterns in the surrounding of childbirth date. During this period some potentially important changes are taking place in the household: changing needs (nutrition effects, children clothing), changes in relation to labour supply (specially for t...

Microeconomic survey data sets offer important advantages for the analysis of consumer demand, although one of the problems associated with these data is the existence of zeros in the expenditure records of households. One of the reasons behind a zero record is infrequency of purchase. This paper focuses on the analysis of infrequency of Purchase M...

This thesis analyses different aspects of household demand behaviour using Spanish Family Expenditure data. The first chapter studies the problems of zero records associated with microbudget surveys. We focus on the infrequency of purchase problem and extend the existing theoretical and empirical work to panel data for the estimation of a model for...

We study what keeps a firm continuously exporting once it has already entered in export markets. For this purpose, we use discrete time survival analyisis controlling for, among other things, unobserved individual heterogeneity. The dataset is a sample of Spanish manufacturing for 1990-2000. We find that unobserved individual heterogeneity is not r...