Juan P. Martínez-Dávila

Colegio de Postgraduados | CP · Department of Rural Development

Twenty prototypes of Venturi-type fertilizer injectors for low-pressure agricultural irrigation systems were designed based on functional hydraulic pressure head and variation of their structural designs. These prototypes were modelled in three dimensions (3D) and evaluated using simulation through Computational Fluid Dynamics software (CFD). The m...

p> Background. Since 1942, no public or private research institution in our country has generated methodological applications in the field on the subject of Agricultural Technology Transfer with a systemic approach. Objective. Understand the complex processes and relationships in the operation of a strategy for figs in Ixehuaco, Xochiapulco, Puebla...

La riqueza de especies existentes en el patio familiar es el resultado de la coincidencia de procesos sociales, económicos, culturales y ambientales, que suceden más allá de sus límites físicos. Una teoría aún vigente para comprender estos factores externos es la teoría de polos de desarrollo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer la...

Objective: To know the productive cultural dynamic that underlies to coffee agroecosystems in Sustainable Rural Development District 005 of Fortín, Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: A survey with open and closed questions was applied. Information submitted to variance analysis, Tukey tests and frequency tables. Results: Coffee agroecosystems in Mexico...

Objective: To rebuild the historical transformation of agroecosystems based on sugarcane in the sub-humid tropic, as a consequence of the change in public policies of the Mexican State in the last three decades. Design/methodology/approach: The transformation of sugar cane agroecosystems was studied in the continuum of reality, as changes in their...

Objective: Analyze public policies in Mexico facing climate change in agriculture that allow the development of resilient agroecosystems. Design/methodology/approach: An analysis of research on resilience to climate change in the agricultural and rural sectors, as well as analysis of literature on public policies formulated to climate change in the...

p> Background. In Mexico, the transition from a welfare state to a minimal state in the eighties generated a change in public policies that affected the poorest farmers in the country. Objective. This study analyzes the transformation of agroecosystem management practices in an area of the Mexican sub-humid tropics as a result of government abandon...

Agricultural activities are one of the main sources of environmental pollution. One such source is sugarcane burning and the related agroindustrial processes carried out by sugar mills that emit a great volume of particulate matter containing heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). These heavy metals result in serio...

This essay analyzes the importance of the communication of climate change in a specific local context, emphasizing the semantics used by the mass media influenced by a scientific-technical discourse. It also reflects on the opportunities to make said communication effective and convert climate change in a topic of social communication. The foregoin...

Las organizaciones han sido estudiadas por años. Sin embargo, se requiere de constructos teóricos más amplios debido a la complejidad que enfrentan estas al operar en decisiones contingentes. El siguiente ensayo incluye esquemas de distinciones desde la perspectiva Luhmanniana, observando factores (económicos y políticos) que influyen en la formaci...

The objective of the present essay is to present a conceptual theoretical model for the study of the homegarden from Luhmann's agroecological approach and theory of autopoietic social systems, from which the family is conceptualized as a social system. This to explore new theories that help explain and understand from another dimension the complexi...

he effects of the structural adjustments during the 1990s in Mexico as well as the climate change have caused an increased vulnerability in thesubhumid tropic agriculture. Studying this process required the application of both in-depth surveys and interviews. In addition, a documentaryreview was performed. The results show that in this study zone t...

Hoy día los plaguicidas son usados intensivamente en la agricultura industrial a nivel mundial para el control de plagas, enfermedades y malezas. El objetivo fue calificar las prácticas de uso de plaguicidas y su relación con síntomas de exposición ocupacional entre productores de caña de azúcar en la región central de Veracruz, México. Se realizar...

There are very few studies on the application of fertilizers through irrigation water (fertirrigation) using a multi-gate irrigation system in sugarcane AES. Through fertirrigation, the application of fertilizers can be simplified, and their distribution uniformity in sugarcane fields improved. This paper provides an overview of the state of the ar...

Pesticides are worldwide used in industrial agriculture to control pests, diseases, and weeds. The main aim of this research was to describe those practices for pesticide use and their relationship with occupational exposure symptoms among sugarcane farmers in the central region of Veracruz, Mexico. A total of 147 interviews were carried out: 74 to...

Sugarcane crop involves a wide variety of pesticides. Therefore, there is a need to know their status of use and to identify their health risk on the occupationally exposed population. The aim was to identify pesticides used during the last 30 years on this agroecosystem, in the Irrigation District 035 “La Antigua”, Veracruz, Mexico, and its potent...

The comprehension of climate change among farmers in the Mexican sub-humid tropics is critical to becoming a social communication issue. This theoretical presumption guided the present research, whose objective was to understand the importance of communication on climate change regarding to its definition, the identification of impacts and the deve...

The main problem in the analysis of sustainability of agroecosystems is precisely the lack of definition of both concepts. Above all agroecology has used the concept of agroecosystem in a nominal, ahistorical and atheoretical way; when it is possible to observe it as a system and at the frontier of complex systems. Thus, agroecology does not use, f...

The main problem in the analysis of sustainability of agroecosystems is precisely the lackof definition of both concepts. Above all agroecology has used the concept ofagroecosystem in a nominal, ahistorical and atheoretical way; when it is possible toobserve it as a system and at the frontier of complex systems. Thus, agroecology does notuse, for e...

The comprehension of climate change among farmers in the Mexican sub-humid tropics is critical to becoming a social communication issue. This theoretical presumption guided the present research, whose objective was to understand the importance of communication on climate change regarding to its definition, the identification of impacts and the deve...

El objetivo de esta investigación fue generar una tipología de productores cafetaleros con base en variables de tipo social, cultural, económico y productivo para determinar las diferencias existentes entre ellos y ofrecer información a las instancias gubernamentales para que diseñen estrategias en pro del mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los...

Although a large amount of capital has been invested in the design and operation of agricultural extension in Latin America, the results have been quite unsatisfactory. The reasons that could explain this inefficiency are probably found in the limited level of training -in this topic- by engineers (agronomists), extension agents and even postgradua...

The objective of this study was to generate a typology of coffee producers based on variables of social, cultural, economic and productive type to determine the differences there are between them and to offer information to government instances in order to design strategies in pro of improvement of the quality of life of inhabitants. A survey was a...

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el efecto de los patrones migratorios en los agroecosistemas de Jamapa, Veracruz, México. Actualmente, alrededor de 10% de la población mexicana radica fuera el país, principalmente en Estados Unidos de América, convirtiéndose en el fenómeno migratorio más importante a nivel mundial. Se aplicó una e...

El proceso de adaptación de la agricultura ante los efectos del cambio climático es inherentemente sociocultural; sin embargo, los estudios desde esta dimensión aún se consideran una frontera emergente del conocimiento. Actualmente la mayor parte del conocimiento generado proviene de las ciencias naturales y ha sido fundamental para comprender el c...

La caña de azúcar es uno de los principales cultivos en las zonas tropicales y subtropicales, que presentan poca variación climática. Sin embargo, el Panel Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre Cambio Climático (IPCC) afirmó que la agricultura en zonas tropicales tendrán grandes cambios en los próximos 100 años por efecto de este fenómeno. En el est...

El objetivo del presente documento es enmarcar al enfoque de agroecosistemas, con perspectivas autopoiéticas, en alguna corriente que le corresponda considerando que muchos de los trabajos realizados bajo el enfoque de agroecosistemas carecen de un marco de este tipo y con ausencia teórica. Con base en esa aseveración, es deseable que los investiga...

Sugar cane is one of the main crops in tropical and subtropical areas, which have little climatic variation. However, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said that agriculture in tropical areas will undergo major changes in the next 100 years as a result of this phenomenon. In the state of Veracruz, Mexico, the average annual rainf...

Resumen. Los inyectores del tipo Venturi son dispositivos utilizados en sistemas de riego tecnificados para aplicar fertilizantes a los cultivos, lo que se conoce como fertirrigación. El desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías en los campos agrícolas demanda la implementación de estos dispositivos. El presente capítulo contiene información relacionada con...

The research work on climate change has been influenced by the scientific agenda of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, agenda characterized by a positivist epistemological approach that limits the design of strategies for mitigation and adaptation directed towards whose livelihood and identity is linked to agriculture. This requires the...

Medios de información de mayor influencia en los productores en la adquisición de las semillas mejoradas de maíz.

El Panel Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre Cambio Climático (IPCC) afirmó que la agricultura en zonas tropicales sufrirá grandes cambios en los próximos 100 años por efecto de este fenómeno. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la evapotranspiración real estimada (ETR) de la caña de azúcar, como resultado del incremento en la tasa de eva...

Resumen La papaya es un frutal rentable de importancia económica y alimenticia en México y Centroamérica. En México, Veracruz es el estado con mayor superficie cultivable, su producción presenta numerosos problemas fitosanitarios, que están siendo abordado con el uso del insecticida thiamethoxam. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un diagnóst...

Se diseñaron 20 modelos de prototipos inyectores de fertilizante tipo Venturi modelados en tercera dimensión (3D). Se evaluaron mediante simulación con un software de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD), para seleccionar el prototipo que desarrolló mayor velocidad en la salida del inyector e identificar sus parámetros estructurales. La velocida...

El agua subterránea está siendo contaminada por actividades humanas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el riesgo de contaminación del agua subterránea por plaguicidas usados en caña de azúcar. Éste se realizó durante tres épocas de año: secas, lluvias y nortes. Se incluyeron 30 pozos de agua potable y uso agrícola. Se tomaron muestras de a...

Resumen El cultivo de papaya es uno de los frutales rentables para el estado de Veracruz. El municipio de Cotaxtla representa el 19% de la superficie total sembrada del estado de Veracruz, donde los productores de papaya se enfrentan a numerosos problemas agronómicos. Se realizó un diagnóstico del uso y manejo de los plaguicidas en el agroecosistem...

La contaminación por Escherichia coli del agua subterránea y superficial en el agroecosistema con caña de azúcar del Módulo de RiegoI-1 La Antigua, Veracruz es causado por fuentes puntuales y no puntuales. En el estudio se consideraron, las fuentes puntuales de contaminación como las descargas de aguas negras, letrinas y fosas sépticas. En México l...

RESUMEN El pensamiento sistémico contribuyó al origen del pensamiento agroecológico con aportaciones desde la teoría general de sistemas y la cibernética como su base teórica primigenia. Así, la agroecología en los años 70 del siglo pasado pudo erigirse como una nueva forma de pensar y hacer ciencia en relación con el quehacer agrícola al intentar...

Societal responses to climate change are influenced by culture, but this has not been the focus of understanding and adapting to this phenomenon. This process is critical when examining agriculture, an eminently social activity that has an historic perspective and characteristic manners of production expressed by the culture carrying it out. Theref...

The adapting process of agriculture to the effects of climate change is inherently sociocultural; however, studies from this dimension still consider an emerging frontier of knowledge. Currently, most of the knowledge generated comes from the natural sciences and has been fundamental in understanding the behavior of major agro-climatic variables, t...

The adapting process of agriculture to the effects of climate change is inherently sociocultural; however, studies from this dimension still consider an emerging frontier of knowledge. Currently, most of the knowledge generated comes from the natural sciences and has been fundamental in understanding the behavior of major agro-climatic variables, t...

El medio Ambiente, los Recursos Naturales y la Biodiversidad, están considerada entre las prioridades para implementar procesos de gestión de largo plazo en todos los países del mundo, empleadas y usadas como banderas de reivindicación social, económica, cultural, económica y política. Sin embargo las unidades o ministerios gozan del más bajo presu...

Climate change is one of the main threats to agriculture, including sugarcane agro-ecosystems, affecting the productivity of growers, and forcing them to implement adaptation measures. The study objective was to understand grower perceptions of climate change impact on sugarcane crop and the adaptation actions they are implementing in managing thei...

Luhmann constructs a systemic and large scale functional theory based on concepts previously conceived by classical and contemporary authors of sociology and other areas of knowledge. This conceptual theoretical framework has been used in this experiment to construct an approximation of Mexican agricultural reality. This required an assembly betwee...

Luhmann construye una teoría sistémica y funcional de gran envergadura, basada en conceptos concebidos anteriormente por autores clásicos y contemporáneos de la sociología y de otras áreas del conocimiento. Este andamiaje teórico conceptual ha sido utilizado en el presente ensayo para construir una aproximación de la realidad agrícola mexicana. Lo...

Water contamination is a phenomenon of global concern resulting from human activities. Coliform bacteria reduce water quality and negatively affect public health. The pollution of surface and groundwater by coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli, originate, in general, from point sources of pollution derived from human settlements, such as t...

Aun cuando la agricultura es un proceso de producción biológica sobre un continuum de reproducción social, ésta ha sido estudiada fundamentalmente bajo el paradigma analítico obteniendo resultados sin duda valiosos, pero parciales, lo cual impide comprenderla como una totalidad. Ante tal situación, se ha comenzado a abordarla desde el paradigma del...

The Territorial Development Strategy (EDT) is an interagency program involving the three levels of government: federal, state and municipal. It centers on the creation of interdisciplinary teams of technical assistance to Rural Development Districts (DDR) for the design, operation and implementation of a Territorial Strategic Project based in agrif...

Aun cuando la agricultura es un proceso de producción biológica sobre un continuum de reproducción social, ésta ha sido estudiada fundamentalmente bajo el paradigma analítico obteniendo resultados sin duda valiosos, pero parciales, lo cual impide comprenderla como una totalidad. Ante tal situación, se ha comenzado a abordarla desde el paradigma del...

Aun cuando la agricultura es un proceso de producción biológica sobre un continuum de reproducción social, ésta ha sido estudiada fundamentalmente bajo el paradigma analítico obteniendo resultados sin duda valiosos, pero parciales, lo cual impide comprenderla como una totalidad. Ante tal situación, se ha comenzado a abordarla desde el paradigma del...

Although agriculture is a biological production process on a continuum of social reproduction, it has predominantly been studied using the analytic paradigm, obtaining valuable but partial results preventing it from being understood as a whole. Faced with this situation, researchers have begun to address it from the paradigm of complex thinking, a...

The objective of this research was to identify the effect of migration patterns in agro ecosystems from Jamapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Currently, about 10% of the Mexican population lives outside the country mainly in the United States, becoming the most important migratory phenomenon worldwide. A survey was applied to 46 families with migrant members a...

Current requirements call for the introduction of new irrigation technologies into agricultural fields. The aim of this review was to describe the main characteristics of Venturi type fertilizer injectors. It contains information related to the design, construction, modeling, performance, evaluation and installation, and provides a basis for the im...

Current requirements call for the introduction of new irrigation technologies into agricultural fields. The aim of this review was to describe the main characteristics of Venturi type fertilizer injectors. It contains information related to the design, construction, modeling, performance, evaluation and installation, and provides a basis for the im...

Water contamination is a phenomenon of global concern resulting from human activities. Coliform bacteria reduce water quality and negatively affect public health. The pollution of surface and groundwater by coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli, originate, in general, from point sources of pollution derived from human settlements, such as t...

La migración es una estrategia de supervivencia aplicada en contextos de pobreza, para aliviar la problemática de salarios bajos y necesidades familiares atendidas ineficientemente. El objetivo fue realizar una comparación del manejo tecnológico de las actividades agropecuarias que realizaron las familias antes y después de migrar en el municipio d...

This article analyzes the historical process of appropriation of territory by the actors of the region of Donoso, Panama over the last four decades. We argue that under these regional dynamics the conflict over the use of natural resources is highlighted. While in the i97os a proposal prioritizing agricultural development was developed, later actio...

Water pollution has emerged as a consequence of human settlements, as well as from specific agricultural, forestry and industrial activities within a region. It is known that increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers also increases water pollution. Nitrates and nitrites that are dissolved in groundwater used for human consumption cause adverse health...

This study describes the structure of soil fauna communities associated with mango and sugar cane (recent and persistent) agroecosystems in the central region of Veracruz, Mexico. Non destructive samplings were made through counting by direct observation. The parameters measured were: abundance and diversity of invertebrates (Simpson’s and Shannon...

The Municipality of Las Choapas has the second most important dual purpose (DP) inventory (241,432) of the State of Veracruz, Mexico. At State level occupies first place in economic contribution for meat production (MEX$ 443,663) and fifth place for milk production (MEX $ 127,777). The aim objective of this study was to characterize by technologica...

The objective of this study was to identify which type of dual-purpose cattle (DP) producers are in to make the development of livestock in the municipality of Las Choapas Veracruz - Mexico based on the level of technology (NT) used in the cattle farms and business vision (VE) of the producers. A used a sample of 100 producers that representing 6.2...

El municipio de Las Choapas tiene el segundo inventario Doble Propósito (DP) (241.432 bovinos) más importante del estado de Veracruz, México. A nivel de Estado ocupa el primer lugar en aportación económica por producción de carne (MEX$ 443.663) y quinto lugar por producción de leche (MEX$ 127.777). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar...

Water contamination is a consequence of human settlement, agricultural, silvicultural, and industrial activity in aregion. The nitrates and nitrites dissolved in groundwater are indirectly consumed by humans, where they causenegative health effects. Among the most commonly observed problems are the dysfunction of the thyroid gland,production of nit...

The objective of this study was to identify which type of dual-purpose cattle (DP) producers are in to make the development of livestock in the municipality of Las Choapas Veracruz -Mexico based on the level of technology (NT) used in the cattle farms and business vision (VE) of the producers. A used a sample of 100 producers that representing 6.2...

Although there are scientific advances and epistemological approaches that had prevailed through time, the need remains for theoretical proposals that combine and integrate the different elements present in the sustainable rural development. Until now these elements had been managed as part of natural or social systems, allowing the establishment o...

Se comparó, desde un enfoque autopoiético, el grado de sustentabilidad del desarrollo rural en el distrito de Desarrollo Rural 006, La Antigua, Veracruz, México. El estudio se realizó en agosto 2007, mediante entrevistas a 30 productores de subsistencia, 30 transicionales y 20 empresarios, definidos heurísticamente. Los criterios específicos para l...