Juan J Fanara

• University of Buenos Aires

La historia de la biodiversidad está estrechamente relacionada con la historia de la evolución de las interacciones entre especies. La diversidad puede reducirse por exclusión competitiva en especies con ecología similar que viven en la misma región espacial. Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) es una especie plaga que ha colonizado e...

Great efforts have been sustained to explain the relationships between genotype and phenotype for developmental fitness traits through the study of their genetic architecture. However, crucial aspects of functional architecture influencing the maintenance of genetic variability, and thus the capacity for evolutionary change, are still unexplored. H...

In phytophagous insects, oviposition behaviour is an important component of habitat selection and, given the multiplicity of genetic and environmental factors affecting its expression, is defined as a complex character resulting from the sum of interdependent traits. Here, we study two components of egg‐laying behaviour: oviposition acceptance (OA)...

Zaprionus indianus Gupta es una especie plaga invasora de mosca, que ha colonizado el continente americano en los últimos 20 años. Se trata de una especie polífaga que con Drosophila melanogaster Meigen y D. simulans Sturtevant utilizan una amplia variedad de frutas como recursos de cría y alimentación. En el presente estudio cuantificamos la abund...

Zaprionus indianus was first reported in South America in 1999 and has rapidly colonised most of the continent since. Previous studies established Brazil as the sole entry point into the continent and the source of its expansion northward, but dispersal to the southern limit of its distribution in South America has not been studied so far. In the p...

Zaprionus indianus is a species of fly native to the Afrotropical biogeographic region, which around twenty years ago invaded the American continent. Several studies have shown that local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity of an invasive species in its native range could favour the colonization of new environments. Zaprionus indianus is a holomet...

Zaprionus indianus is a fly species native to the Afrotropical biogeographic region that invaded the South American continent 20 years ago. Its southernmost record is 34°S in areas with temperate climates with cold winters. To better understand its invasion biology, we investigated physiological responses to winter-like abiotic conditions that may...

Changes in the environmental conditions experienced by naturally occurring populations are frequently accompanied by changes in adaptive traits allowing the organism to cope with environmental unpredictability. Phenotypic plasticity is a major aspect of adaptation and it has been involved in population dynamics of interacting species. In this study...

Body size is a complex character associated to several fitness related traits that vary within and between species as a consequence of environmental and genetic factors. Latitudinal and altitudinal clines for different morphological traits have been described in several species of Drosophila and previous work identified genomic regions associated w...

Head and thorax raw data corresponding to complementation tests for invected. Face width, head width and thorax length measurements corresponding to the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for invected. (XLSX)

Wing shape raw data corresponding to the substitution lines. Log10(Procrustes distances) corresponding to the left wing of the studied individuals of the second chromosome substitution lines. (XLSX)

Wing size and shape raw data corresponding to complementation tests for invected. Log10(Centroid size) values and Log10(Procrustes distances) corresponding to the left wing of the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for invected. (XLSX)

Wing size and shape raw data corresponding to complementation tests for toucan. Log10(Centroid size) values and Log10(Procrustes distances) corresponding to the left wing of the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for toucan. (XLSX)

Head and thorax raw data corresponding to complementation tests for jing. Face width, head width and thorax length measurements corresponding to the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for jing. (XLSX)

Head and thorax of a fly and related morphological traits. Picture showing the positioning of 3D body structures on a slide and related measurements taken with tpsDig. (BMP)

Landmarks positioning on the ventral view of the left wing of a fly. LV: longitudinal vein, HCV: humeral cross vein, ACV: anterior cross-vein, PCV: posterior cross-vein. (BMP)

Second chromosome substitution lines ordered according to their size. Substitution lines were ordered according to the values of a composite score, which represent a general body size value estimated with the values corresponding to the four body size traits studied (face width, head width, thorax length and wing size; see text for details) in male...

Natural populations studied. Geographic information regarding sampling localities and number of second chromosome substitution lines derived from each one of them. (PDF)

Wing size raw data corresponding to the substitution lines. Log10(Centroid size) values corresponding to the left wing of the studied individuals of the second chromosome substitution lines. (XLSX)

Head and thorax raw data corresponding to complementation tests for Fasciclin 3. Face width, head width and thorax length measurements corresponding to the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for Fasciclin 3. (XLSX)

Head and thorax raw data corresponding to complementation tests for Reticulon-like1. Face width, head width and thorax length measurements corresponding to the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for Reticulon-like1. (XLSX)

Wing size and shape raw data corresponding to complementation tests for Reticulon-like1. Log10(Centroid size) values and Log10(Procrustes distances) corresponding to the left wing of the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for Reticulon-like1. (XLSX)

Wing size and shape raw data corresponding to complementation tests for jing. Log10(Centroid size) values and Log10(Procrustes distances) corresponding to the left wing of the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for jing. (XLSX)

Head and thorax raw data corresponding to complementation tests for CG14478. Face width, head width and thorax length measurements corresponding to the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for CG14478. (XLSX)

Crosses performed to obtain second chromosome substitution lines. A single second chromosome was extracted from each isofemale line and substituted into the genetic background of an isogenic Canton-S B strain (IsoB) using balancer chromosomes carrying the following dominant phenotypic markers: Curly (Cy), Stubble (Sb), Sternopleural (Sp) and white...

Genetic correlation analyses between morphological traits. Principal results of correlation analyses (r and R2 values) between body size related traits. (PDF)

Model selection. Principal results of model selection analyses based on the Akaike Information Criterion. (PDF)

Example of the scripts used to perform analyses in R. The complete script used to analyze FW in females. Similar scripts were used to analyze the rest of the traits in females and all the characters in males. (PDF)

Head and thorax raw data corresponding to the substitution lines. Face width, head width and thorax length measurements corresponding to the studied individuals of the second chromosome substitution lines. (XLSX)

Head and thorax raw data corresponding to complementation tests for toucan. Face width, head width and thorax length measurements corresponding to the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for toucan. (XLSX)

Models testing the effect of latitude and altitude on morphological traits. Principal results of the models incorporating latitude and altitude independently and simultaneously to test the effect of these factors on the studied traits. (PDF)

Descriptive statistics of morphological traits. Mean values and standard errors (SE) are shown per population for males and females separately. (PDF)

Wing size and shape raw data corresponding to complementation tests for Fasciclin 3. Log10(Centroid size) values and Log10(Procrustes distances) corresponding to the left wing of the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for Fasciclin 3. (XLSX)

Wing size and shape raw data corresponding to complementation tests for CG14478. Log10(Centroid size) values and Log10(Procrustes distances) corresponding to the left wing of the studied individuals derived from the complementation tests performed for CG14478. (XLSX)

Body size related traits with respect to geographical gradients. Mean values of Face Width (FW, blue), Head Width (HW, yellow), Thorax Length (TL, green) and Wing Size (WSi, red) in females (squares) and males (circles) of second chromosome substitution lines with respect to latitude (above) and altitude (below) of the natural population of origin....

Wing shape changes associated with latitude in males and females. Arrows indicate the magnitude and direction of landmark displacement with respect to the corresponding consensus wing shape (mean of the respective sex; females in red, males in blue). Arrow size has been magnified ten times to show wing shape changes more clearly. Circles indicate t...

Mutant lines used in Quantitative Complementation Tests. Information regarding the mutants, including the location of the mutations and their phenotypic effects. (PDF)

Correlation analyses between scores representing morphological traits. Principal results of correlation analyses (r and R2 values) between scores representing body size related traits. (PDF)

Contrasts between populations for morphological traits. Principal results (p-values) of paired post-hoc Tukey tests between populations for each character in males and females separately. Bar: Barreal, Chi: Chilecito, Güe: Güemes, Jach: Jáchal, Lav: Lavalle, Nqn: Neuquén, Sbl: San Blas, Sj: San Juan, Usp: Uspallata. Significant values are shown in...

Drosophila buzzatii (Patterson & Wheeler), a typical cactophilic species of the repleta group, is registered for the first time emerging from Melon (Cucumis melo) in western Argentina. The analysis of inversion polymorphism and genetic diversity of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (mtCOI) provided additional evidence that corroborate...

Relative to an equivalent source of variation that do not present a hidden state, cryptic genetic variation is likely to be an effective source for possible adaptations at times of atypical environmental conditions. In addition to environmental perturbations, it has also been proposed that genetic disturbances can generate release of cryptic geneti...

Background / Purpose: Body size is a complex character which is associated with many important fitness related traits. In order to study its genetic basis, we analyzed face width (FW), thorax length (TL) and wing length (WL) in 40 lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (i.e. isogenic lines of D. melanogaster derived from a natural popula...

Background / Purpose: We initiate a major project addressed to elucidate whether the genetic basis of phenotypic variability differs between populations of Drosophila melanogaster . Main conclusion: Our results indicate that the adaptive developmental traits analyzed showed specific temperature-populations dynamics. We will perform a Genome Wi...

Organisms utilize environmental cues to deal with heterogeneous environments. In this sense, behaviours that mediate interactions between organisms and their environment are complex traits, especially sensitive to environmental conditions. In animals, olfaction is a critical sensory system that allows them to acquire chemical information from the e...

Many biotic and abiotic variables influence the dispersal and distribution of organisms. Temperature has a major role in determining these patterns because it changes daily, seasonally and spatially, and these fluctuations have a significant impact on an organism's behaviour and fitness. Most ecologically relevant phenotypes that are adaptive are a...

One of the most common environmental stressors is a shortage or suboptimal quality of food, thus all animals deal with periods of starvation. In the present study we examine variation in starvation resistance, longevity and body lipid content and the correlations between traits along an environmental gradient using isofemale lines recently derived...

Principal results of genetic correlation analyses between body size related traits at 17°C and 25°C. Correlation coefficients corresponding to the analyses within each sex and between sexes for each variable are shown. (PDF)

Principal results of ANOVAs for morphological traits in each temperature and sex separately and analyses of GEI. The F values and the genetic variance components derived from the ANOVAs are shown. Also, the correlation coefficients and the components explaining the interaction between temperatures are given. (PDF)

Principal results of the ANOVAs performed to study the change of the phenotypic effect of the P-element insertion with thermal change in each line, sex and trait separately. The unsigned difference between the means of the transformed values at 17°C and 25°C for each morphological trait are given. (PDF)

Lines in which the P-element insertion affected one or more morphological traits in either sex at 17°C. The candidate gene, the site of the mutation and its morphological effect are given for each line. (PDF)

Ventral view of left wing and positioning of landmarks. LV: longitudinal vein, HCV: humeral cross vein, ACV: anterior cross-vein, PCV: posterior cross-vein. (TIF)

Lines showing wing shape deformations at both temperatures in males. Lines showing significant wing shape deformations with respect to the control line in males raised at 17°C (in blue) and 25°C (in red). The gene affected by the P-element insertion is shown between parentheses for each line. Arrows indicate the magnitude and direction of landmarks...

Lines showing wing shape deformations at both temperatures in females. Lines showing significant wing shape deformations with respect to the control line in females raised at 17°C (in blue) and 25°C (in red). The gene affected by the P-element insertion is shown between parentheses for each line. Arrows indicate the magnitude and direction of landm...

Head and thorax of a fly and related morphological traits. Picture showing the positioning of 3-D body structures on a slide and related measurements taken with tpsDig. (TIF)

Understanding the genetic architecture of any quantitative trait requires identifying the genes involved in its expression in different environmental conditions. This goal can be achieved by mutagenesis screens in genetically tractable model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. Temperature during ontogenesis is an important environmental fact...

Phenotypic characters that display continuous variation are usually called ‘quantitative traits’ or ‘complex traits’. Alternatively, geneticists refer to them as ‘multigene traits’, because the underlying genetic architecture is assumed to be polygenic. Analyses of the genetic architecture of diverse quantitative traits suggest that the number of l...

In the holometabolous insect Drosophila melanogaster, genetic, physiological and anatomical aspects of olfaction are well known in the adult stage, while larval stages olfactory behavior has received some attention it has been less studied than its adult counterpart. Most of these studies focus on olfactory receptor (Or) genes that produce peripher...

Spatial or temporal differences in environmental variables, such as temperature, are ubiquitous in nature and impose stress on organisms. This is especially true for organisms that are isothermal with the environment, such as insects. Understanding the means by which insects respond to temperature and how they will react to novel changes in environ...

In nature, behavioural and physiological processes involved in mating may entail different costs and benefits for males and females. However, it has been hypothesized that sexual interactions may have additional costs for Drosophila females like decrease in receptivity to remating and shortening of lifespan. During mating, males transfer seminal fl...

Genetic information of candidate genes for wing shape. Lines in which the P-element insertion affected wing shape in either sex. The candidate gene and the site of the mutation are given.

The Drosophila wing represents a particularly appropriate model to investigate the developmental control of phenotypic variation. Previous studies which aimed to identify candidate genes for wing morphology demonstrated that the genetic basis of wing shape variation in D. melanogaster is composed of numerous genetic factors causing small, additive...

Drosophila melanogaster Meigen 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is the quintessential insect model organism. However, with a few exceptions, ecological features of this species have been poorly investigated. In the present work we describe a behavioural assay to quantify olfactory behaviour of D. melanogaster larvae in response to complex olfactory st...

The inversion polymorphisms of the cactophilic Drosophila buzzatti Patterson and Wheeler (Diptera: Drosophilidae) were studied in new areas of its distribution in Argentina. A total of thirty-eight natural populations, including 29 from previous studies, were analyzed using multiple regression analyses. The results showed that about 23% of total va...

Food shortage is a stress factor that commonly affects organisms in nature. Resistance to food shortage or starvation resistance (SR) is a complex quantitative trait with direct implications on fitness. However, surveys of natural genetic variation in SR at different geographic scales are scarce. Here, we have measured variation in SR in sets of li...

Previously, we have shown there is clinal variation for egg-to-adult developmental time along geographic gradients in Drosophila melanogaster. Further, we also have identified mutations in genes involved in metabolic and neurogenic pathways that affect development time (heterochronic genes). However, we do not know whether these loci affect variati...

El mismo Darwin advirtió sobre la utilidad de los estudios embriológicos, no sólo por su contribución al conocimiento de los diferentes estadios del desarrollo que constituyen los complejos ciclos de vida de los organismos, sino porque además ese proceso resultaría un reflejo de la historia evolutiva de los diversos linajes animales. En la actualid...

Even though substantial progress has been made to elucidate the physiological and environmental factors underpinning differences in body size, little is known about its genetic architecture. Furthermore, all animal species bear a specific relationship between the size of each organ and overall body size, so different body size traits should be inve...

The present study first addressed the question of whether developmental time (DT) and viability (VT) vary clinally along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in Drosophila buzzatii, an autochthonous specialist and the generalist invasive Drosophila melanogaster. Coincident and positive altitudinal clines across species and, direct and inverse lati...

Mean values of significant P[GT1] insertion lines on DT (25°C). Values are shown as the deviation of the insertion line mean from contemporaneous control for each sex separately.

Correlation between viability (VT) and developmental time (DT) for all P[GT1] insertion lines analyzed. VT is presented in angular transformation (arcsine of the square root of the proportion of survival) and DT expressed in hours. Solid line represents the correlation plot and dashed lines the 95% confidence intervals (r = 0.305).

Genetic information of candidate DT genes including gene names, P[GT1] insertion sites, cytologial positions, biological process gene-ontologies and pleiotropy.

Odour-guided behaviour is a quantitative trait determined by many genes that are sensitive to gene-environment interactions. Different natural populations are likely to experience different selection pressures on the genetic underpinnings of chemosensory behaviour. However, few studies have reported comparisons of the quantitative genetic basis of...

Abstract Competition is a major aspect of the ecology of insect communities exploiting ephemeral and fragmented resources. We analysed the effect of intraspecific (single species culture) and interspecific (mixed species culture) competition on larval viability, developmental time and wing length in the cactophilic Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophil...

In this work we investigate the effect of interspecific hybridization on wing morphology using geometric morphometrics in the cactophilic sibling species D. buzzatii and D. koepferae. Wing morphology in F1 hybrids exhibited an important degree of phenotypic plasticity and differs significantly from both parental species. However, the pattern of mor...

Understanding the genetic architecture of ecologically relevant adaptive traits requires the contribution of developmental and evolutionary biology. The time to reach the age of reproduction is a complex life history trait commonly known as developmental time. In particular, in holometabolous insects that occupy ephemeral habitats, like fruit flies...

Distribución geográfica y hospedadores de Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) en el noreste de Argentina RESUMEN. El primer registro publicado de la especie africana Zaprionus indianus Gupta 1970 en el continente Americano se refiere a individuos observados en frutos caídos de «caqui» (Diospyros kaki Linnaei) en la ciudad de São Paulo, (Bra...

In the genus Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), interspecific hybridization is a rare phenomenon. However, recent evidence suggests a certain degree of introgression between the cactophilic siblings Drosophila buzzatii Patterson & Wheeler and Drosophila koepferae Fontdevila & Wasserman. In this article, we analyzed larval viability and developmen...

The rapid evolution of genital morphology is a fascinating feature that accompanies many speciation events. However, the underlying patterns and explanatory processes remain to be settled. In this work we investigate the patterns of intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence in male genitalic morphology (size and shape) in the cactophilic...

Understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits requires identification of the underlying genes and characterization of gene-by-gene and genotype-by-environment interactions. Behaviors that mediate interactions between organisms and their environment are complex traits expected to be especially sensitive to environmental conditions. Previo...

Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae are two sibling species that breed on the necrotic tissues of several cactus species and show a certain degree of niche overlap. Also, they show differences in several life history traits, such as body size and developmental time, which probably evolved as a consequence of adaptation to different host plants. In...

The genetic and ecological basis of viability and developmental time differences between Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae were analysed using the isofemale line technique. Several isofemale lines were sampled from pairs of allopatric/sympatric populations of each species. Flies were reared in media prepared with decaying tissues of two of the m...

Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila koepferae are two cactophilic sibling species whose ranges partially overlap in Northwestern and Western Argentina. Both species can utilize the decaying tissues of both Opuntia and columnar cacti as breeding sites. Though D. buzzatii and D. koepferae are not differentially attracted to Opuntia and columnar hosts,...

The inversion polymorphism of the cactophilic fly Drosophila buzzatii was studied in two natural populations. We assessed the temporal changes and microspatial population structure. We observed a significant increase in the frequency of arrangement 2J at the expense of 2ST in both populations. These gene arrangements appear to affect the life-histo...

The ability to withstand periods of scarce food resources is an important fitness trait. Starvation resistance is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple interacting genes and exhibits considerable genetic variation in natural populations. This genetic variation could be maintained in the face of strong selection due to a trade-off in resource...

We combined transcriptional profiling and quantitative genetic analysis to elucidate the genetic architecture of olfactory behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. We applied whole-genome expression analysis to five coisogenic smell-impaired (smi) mutant lines and their control. We used analysis of variance to partition variation in transcript abundanc...

Most animals depend on olfaction for survival and procreation. Odor-guided behavior is a quantitative trait, with phenotypic variation due to multiple segregating quantitative trait loci (QTL). Despite its profound biological importance, the genetic basis of naturally occurring variation in olfactory behavior remains unexplored. Here, we mapped a s...

Most animals depend on olfaction for survival and procreation. Odor-guided behavior is a quantitative trait, with phenotypic variation due to multiple segregating quantitative trait loci (QTL). Despite its profound biological importance, the genetic basis of naturally occurring variation in olfactory behavior remains unexplored. Here, we mapped a s...

On or before Jun 10, 2016 this sequence version replaced gi:20269763, gi:20269764, gi:20269765, gi:20269762.

On or before Aug 1, 2016 this sequence version replaced gi:20269758, gi:20269759, gi:20269760, gi:20269757.

We tested for the occurrence of oviposition acceptance for different media prepared with cactus tissues of three alternative cactus hosts: Opuntia sulphurea, O. quimilo and Trichocereus terschekii for 4 consecutive days in lines of two Drosophila buzzatii populations and one population of D. koepferae. Our results showed that the former laid signif...

The avoidance response to repellent odorants in Drosophila melanogaster, a response essential for survival, provides an advantageous model for studies on the genetic architecture of olfactory behavior. Transposon tagging in a highly inbred strain of flies in combination with a rapid and simple statistical behavioral assay enables the identification...

In this study we present the results of an analysis of differential longevity associated with Drosophila buzzatii second chromosome inversion karyotypes based on the assessment of more than 1000 individuals collected in a natural population. Comparisons of inversion frequencies between emerged and bait-collected flies showed not only that inversion...

In this study we present the results of an analysis of differential longevity associated with Drosophila buzzatii second chromosome inversion karyotypes based on the assessment of more than 1000 individuals collected in a natural population. Comparisons of inversion frequencies between emerged and bait-collected flies showed not only that inversion...

The inversion polymorphism of the cactophilic fly Drosophila buzzatii was studied in two natural populations. We assessed the temporal changes and microspatial population structure. We observed a significant increase in the frequency of arrangement 2J at the expense of 2ST in both populations. These gene arrangements appear to affect the life-histo...