Juan de Damborenea

Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM) · Surface Engineering, Corrosion and Durability

Prosthetic joint infection is an uncommon entity, but it supposes high costs, both from the economic side to the health systems and from the emotional side of the patient. The evaluation of the bacterial adherence to different materials frequently involved in joint prostheses allows us to better understand the mechanisms underlying this and provide...

El presente trabajo trata de responder a la pregunta de ¿Puede la ciencia de Materiales ayudar a luchar contra las pandemias? La actual crisis originada por el SARS-CoV2 ha puesto sobre la mesa la necesidad de que la comunidad científica aborde desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar. Desde la Ciencia de Materiales se pueden proponer distintos mater...

Flash butt welding is a resistance welding process that offers great advantages due to its high thermal efficiency, simplicity and high speed, makes it ideal for welding mooring chains. Despite its advantages, numerous corrosion problems are still being found in practice, both in the heat-affected zone and the weld line. Literature is scarce about...

Hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys are widely used due to its excellent castability, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Its corrosion resistance is limited by the presence of coarse Si particles. Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes is a powerful alternative to overcome such problems. Although mechanical properties of samples produced by AM ha...

The corrosion control of ductile cast irons becomes a technological challenge when supplying castings to customers due to the high reactivity of this alloy in contact with air. An interesting alternative to the protective systems such as coatings or corrosion inhibitors included in packaging processes is the chemical modification of the cast alloys...

The development of innovative ceramic tiles looks for materials with improved mechanical and tribological properties as well as a higher corrosion resistance (high relative humidity, daily watering, household chemical cleaners). In addition, a greater durability leads to lower environmental impact. Along with their improved functionality and recycl...

The effect of laser surface melting on the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy in 0.1 M NaCl solution was investigated using different laser processing conditions (energy densities of 14 and 17 J cm⁻²). Laser treatment induced rough surfaces primarily composed of oxidized species of Mg. XPS analysis revealed that the surface concentration of Al i...

Titanium and its alloys are widely used as structural material in aerospace, automotive, power generation and chemical industry applications as well as in surgical devices, orthopedic surgery and dental implants. In spite of its excellent high strength-to-weight ratios at both room and moderate high temperature and outstanding corrosion resistance,...

Alloy hardened steels offer excellent combination of mechanical properties, hardenability and corrosion resistance. 34CrMo4 is a medium carbon, low alloy steel widely used due to a good combination of high-strength, toughness and wear resistance. However, this steel experiences hydrogen embrittlement (HE), a complex phenomenon depending on the comp...

Electrochemical techniques such as Polarisation and Galvanic tests as well as immersion test were used to analyse both the effects of different Bi contents and the length scale of dendritic spacings on Zn–8 wt-%Al–(1.5, 2.3 and 3 wt-%Bi) alloys on their corrosion behaviour. The results revealed that no significant differences in the corrosion kinet...

Ti–6Al–4V ELI scaffolds produced by additive manufacturing and functionalized by anodizing technique in two different conditions have been evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, optical confocal microscopy, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves (CPP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)...

Corrosion has become a frequent and significant issue in the electronics industry. For this reason, galvanic corrosion of soldered joints, i.e. when solder alloys are in contact with a metallic substrate, is so important. The present study aims to investigate the corrosion behaviour of the Bi-2.7wt-%Zn solder alloy when in contact with Cu and Ni su...

Architected Cu/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) heterostructures are achieved by electrodepositing copper on filament printed rGO scaffolds. The Cu coating perfectly contours the printed rGO structure, but isolated Cu particles also permeate inside the filaments. Although the Cu deposition conveys certain mass augment, the 3D structures remain reasonab...

Different chemical and physical treatments have been used to improve the properties and functionalities of steels. Anodizing is one of the most promising treatments, due to its versatility and easy industrial implementation. It allows the growth of nanoestructured oxide films with interesting properties able to be employed in different industrial s...

Additive manufacturing is a recent tool in medicine able to fabricate scaffolds to replace or regenerate bone tissues. The process permits the user to control scaffolds parameters such as size, unit cell, porosity, wall thickness, etc. However, the use of these three-dimensional geometries might negatively affect their corrosion behaviour. This pap...

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating complications in orthopaedic surgery. One approach used to prevent PJI is local antibiotic therapy. This study evaluates the antibiotic release, in‐vitro cytocompatibility and in‐vivo effectiveness in preventing PJI caused by S. aureus of the fluorine‐ and phosphorous‐doped, bottle‐sha...

In the present study, directionally solidification experiments are performed with Zn–8 mass% Al and Zn–8 mass% Al–X mass% Bi (X = 1.5, 2.3 and 3.0 mass%) alloys using a water-cooled solidification system, which permits a wide range of solidification cooling rates to be investigated in a single experiment. The microstructural phases of the ternary a...

Joint prosthesis failure is mainly related to aseptic loosening and prosthetic joint infections, both associated with high morbidity and a substantial cost burden for patients and health systems. The development of a biomaterial capable of stimulating bone growth while minimizing bacterial adhesion would reduce the incidence of prosthetic failure....

Deep eutectic ionic liquids (DES) possess similar properties to conventional ionic liquids (ILs). However, ILs cannot be considered as environmentally friendly compounds due to both its processing and synthesis, which could have significant polluting effects. On the contrary, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can be biodegradable, non-toxic, and have a...

Bi-Zn solder alloys with different Zn contents (1.5, 2.7 and 5wt-%) were prepared by casting and the correlation between the microstructure and corrosion behaviour by mean of direct current electrochemical tests was studied. The surface analysis of the hypoeutectic Bi-Zn alloy samples revealed the presence of needle-like ZnO and very small agglomer...

The use of high silicon ductile irons is increasing as they offer some advantages with respect to conventional pearlitic–ferritic grades such as high elongation at rupture for a given tensile strength value and a fully ferritic matrix. Besides addressing mechanical requirements, some castings must fulfil corrosion and high-temperature oxidation req...

This work evaluates F-P-doped bNT Ti-6Al-4V from microbiological and cellular approaches. The bacterial results highlight that the antibacterial ability of bNT Ti-6Al-4V is the result of a combination of antiadhesive and bactericidal effects exerted by Al released from the alloy. The cell results highlight that F-P bNT Ti-6Al-4V alloy increases oss...

Objective: Implant-related infection is a devastating complication in orthopedic surgery. Aiming to minimize this problem, many material modifications have been developed. Here we report a study of a surface modification of Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy using a methodology that enables the study of interactions between bacteria and the material in the presence...

We aimed to evaluate the release of two antibiotics: gentamicin and vancomycin loaded into F-doped nanotubular anodic oxide layers, as well as their bactericide effect. F-doped nanotubular oxide layers fabricated on Ti-6Al-4V loaded with gentamicin (Gm), vancomycin (Vm) and their mixture (Gm + Vm) by a previously described loading method. Antibioti...

This chapter presents a review of the most recent and relevant works developed by a wide range of researchers on different types of protective and functional coatings deposited on metals and alloys to improve their corrosion resistance. The review is focused on the study of coatings produced by sol-gel trying to identify the perspectives for furthe...

Ti-6Al-4V alloy was laser textured with cross groove patterns and then coated with graphene or MoS2, evaluating its tribological behaviour. The samples were textured by a solid state Nd:Vanadate (Nd:YVO4) laser, making crossed grooves with two different crossing angles, 45°and 60° shaping a rhombus-like pattern. The percentage of surface area textu...

Additive manufacturing has emerged in recent years as one of the most in-demand technology for manufacturing of prototypes and components with complex geometries. Its application in biomedicine shows a big productive potential concerning customized implants with optimized geometries, reducing risks of rejection and achieving better ergonomic result...

Implant sonication is considered a useful method for the diagnosis of implant-related infections. We designed an in vitro study using Ti6Al4V discs and 5 different bacteria to determine the optimal sonication time for recovery of most bacteria tested to enable use of sonication in clinical practice for microbiological diagnosis of implant-related i...

The Ti–6Al–4V alloy is one of the most commonly used in orthopedic surgery. Despite its advantages, there is an increasing need to use new titanium alloys with no toxic elements and improved biomechanical properties, such as Ti–13Nb–13Zr. Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are mainly caused by Gram-positive bacteria; however, Gram-negative bacteria...

Zinc–Magnesium (Zn–Mg) alloys have been addressed as potential biodegradable biomaterials. These alloys enable to overcome the main drawbacks of Mg, its high corrosion rate and hydrogen evolution. Moreover, homogeneous corrosion degradation is also an interesting issue to ensure the success of load-bearing biodegradable implants. In this work, two...

Objectives: Implant-related infection is one of the most devastating complications in orthopaedic surgery. Many surface and/or material modifications have been developed in order to minimise this problem; however, most of the in vitro studies did not evaluate bacterial adhesion in the presence of eukaryotic cells, as stated by the 'race for the su...

Boron steels are used in hot stamping process due to their good mechanical properties. During the stamping process, the dies are exposed to aggressive conditions including adhesive wear, abrasion, thermal stresses and fatigue. In the present work, QRO 90 and UNIMAX slid against 22MnB5 steel in four conditions: with and without hardening treatment a...

The effects of laser texturing on the corrosion and wettability of AA2024-T3 using an IR Nd:Vanadate picosecond (ps) laser was studied. Three types of texture patterns were generated: dimples with 5% and 50% area density (percentage of surface area textured); cross groove patterns with an area density of 64%; and concentric ring patterns with an ar...

The development of alloys suitable for engine bearings demands not only reducing the amount of wear as well as increasing the load carrying capability due to both engines stop/start systems and sudden rise in load or velocity. Al-Sn based alloys are well-known for having excellent tribological and mechanical properties fulfilling these requirements...

Orthopaedic device-related infections are closely linked to biofilm formation on the surfaces of these devices. Several modified titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) surfaces doped with fluorine were studied in order to evaluate the influence of these modifications on biofilm formation by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as a yeast. The biofilm stu...

This chapter presents a review of the most recent and relevant works developed by a wide range of researchers on different types of protective and functional coatings deposited on metals and alloys to improve their corrosion resistance. The review is focused on the study of coatings produced by sol–gel trying to identify the perspectives for furthe...

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technique allows the manufacturing a wide variety of medical devices for any type of prosthetic surgery (HIP, dental, cranial, maxillofacial) as well as for internal fixation devices (K-Wires or Steinmann Pins). There are a large number of research studies on DMLS, including microstructural characterization, mech...

Porous Titanium foams were successfully sintered using a solar parabolic concentrator, of vertical axis and 2 kW power, in argon atmosphere. Green pellets were previously prepared following the space holder powder manufacturing route using NaCl as soluble spacer. Titanium foams were fully sintered at lower temperature and shorter time than in conve...

Nanoporous, dual and nanotubular anodic layers were grown on Ti6Al4V. Impedance spectra for nanoporous and dual revealed a response controlled by the barrier layer. Conversely, the response of the nanotubular layers depends on size of the intertubular space and immersion time. At immersion times ≥24 h, the spectra of the nanotubular layers with int...

Transient directional solidification experiments have been carried out with Zn-Mg hypoeutectic alloys under an extensive range of cooling rates with a view to analyzing the evolution of microstructure. It is shown that the microstructure is formed by a Zn-rich matrix of different morphologies and competitive eutectic mixtures (Zn-Zn11Mg2 and Zn-Zn2...

Friction and wear rate behaviour of dual phase steel discs (DP600) as a function of sliding speed (0.05–3.75 m/s), and contact frequency (0.6–16.5 Hz) have been studied under unidirectional ball-on-disc dry sliding conditions. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate exhibit not only a highly dependence on the sliding speed, but also on the...

Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is a powerful tool to produce titanium based biomaterials because the ease to convert 3D medical imaging data into solid objects with excellent mechanical and corrosion properties. DMLS samples can be functionalized by anodizing, allowing the growth of titanium oxide layers of enhanced properties. In the present...

Friction and wear rate behaviour of dual phase steel plate specimens (DP600) sliding against corundum balls, as a function of sliding speed (0.01-0.25. m/s) and contact frequency (1-16. Hz), has been performed under bidirectional ball-on-plate (reciprocating motion) dry sliding wear tests where the plate specimen is studied. The wear mechanism is m...

In this work correlation between the 1000 MPa dual phase (DP) steel microstructure and the strain gained after roll-forming process have been studied by both microstructural and micromechanical analysis. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) inspection in the bent area reveals changes in the ferrite-martensitic microstructure. The plastic deformat...

Friction and wear rate behaviour of dual phase steel discs (DP600) have been studied as a function of sliding speed (0.5–1.25 m/s) and contact frequency (3.5–8.5 Hz) under unidirectional and bidirectional (reversal motion) ball-on-disc dry sliding wear tests. The wear rate is found to be higher under unidirectional sliding. The Bauschinger effect –...

The use of osteoarticular implants has improved the quality of life of millions of patients. In this work nanotubular structures tailored made on Ti6Al4V substrates was used as drug delivery system of ibuprofen as a proof of concept. Three different nanotubular films with different sizes and forms (NT, NT+ and NTb) were analysed. Samples were soake...

The investigated slow sliding speeds presented in this work enable the understanding of the wear behaviour on aluminium alloys and could possibly facilitate the completion of the previously proposed wear mechanism map for aluminium at this slow sliding speed range. Dry sliding block-on-ring wear tests were carried out on aluminium alloys, AA5754 (A...

TiO2 layers on Ti13Nb13Zr were fabricated by anodizing in acidic fluorine solution, to determine the nanostructure and electrochemical stability in a PBS solution. The anodization process showed higher growth efficiency. The morphology of nanostructured layer is more homogenous and thicker layers are obtained in shorter times regarding to organic e...

Inhibitors are probably the oldest method of corrosion protection. In the late 1980s, legislation forced research into environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors combining low toxicity with high efficiency. Rare earth metal (REM) compounds are a promising type of environmentally friendly inhibitors. The mechanism of action of the lanthanide salt...

The increasing demand of ductile cast irons with extensive technological applications leads to enlarge the corrosion resistance of this group of metallic materials. In this sense, the use of different chemical compositions on such cast irons becomes one of the most interesting aspects among the different ways to improve their behaviour against corr...

Corrosion and tribocorrosion studies of a TiBxCy/a-C coating deposited on AISI 316 L steel have been performed in an aqueous solution of 0.26 vol.% acetic, 0.16 vol.% peracetic and 0.18 vol.% hydrogen peroxide (commercial product Oxonia 1 vol. %). The corrosion current density of the TiBxCy/a-C coating ranges on the same order as bare steel but wit...

Titanium anodic oxide layers with a bottle shaped nanotubular structure have been grown in an electrolyte containing NH4F, applying voltage steps. The grown layers were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The results show that a concentration of 0.15 M of NH4F...

Functionalization of the Ti6Al4V alloy by combining laser texturing and anodizing has been performed. The laser texturing was carried out with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser using 1064 nm and an energy of 90 mJ/pulse. After the laser treatment, nanostructured titanium anodic oxide layers have been grown in an aqueous electrolyte (H2SO4 + HF). The topogr...

Electrochemical noise has been used to study the tribocorrosion behaviour of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 in two different simulated body fluid solutions [phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and PBS plus bovine serum albumin). The analysis of potential and current transients permits not only the determination of the contribution of the aggressiv...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the proliferation and mineralization ability of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells on F-containing TiO2 films with different morphology and nanostructure that previously confirmed antibacterial properties. F-containing TiO2 films were fabricated by anodizing Ti-6Al-4V alloy ELI -grade 23. By using a mixture of H...

Las aleaciones de aluminio de la serie 2XXX, especialmente la AA 2024, son ampliamente utilizadas en la industria aeroespacial por sus excelentes propiedades mecánicas, alta tolerancia al daño y baja densidad. Sin embargo son muy susceptibles a la corrosión por picaduras y presentan una baja resistencia al desgaste. Hasta la fecha se han desarrolla...

This work investigated how trace additions of Mn, Cr and V affect the morphologies of harmful β-AlFe5Si intermetallics, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of A356 secondary alloy with an iron content of 0.30wt%. The needle shaped β-intermetallics are replaced by a Chinese script a-compound when Mn, Cr and V are added. The mechanical prope...

Co-Cr-Mo alloys are among the most used alloys for orthopedic implants because of their excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Although there is extensive literature on corrosion properties of Co-Cr-Mo alloys, fewer articles are focused on the synergistic effect of corrosion and wear in a simulated physiologica...

In this work, wear behavior and microstructural characterization of porous layers produced in glass-ceramic substrates by pulsed laser irradiation in the nanosecond range are studied under unidirectional sliding conditions against AISI316 and corundum counterbodies. Depending on the optical configuration of the laser beam and on the working paramet...

Ti-6Al-4V joint replacement implants foster uncemented fixation in orthopaedic surgery. However, bacterial colonization competes with host cells and ultimately may produce implant-related difficult-to-treat infections, justifying the efforts to obtain infection-resistant materials. In a previous work, the authors demonstrated the antibacterial prop...

The aim of this study was to evaluate Staphylococcus sp. adhesion to modified surfaces of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Specimens of Ti-6Al-4V alloy 6-4 ELI-grade 23 that meets the requirements of ASTM F136 2002A (AMS 2631B class A1) were anodized in a mixture of sulfuric/hydrofluoric acid at 20 V for 5 and 60 min to form nanoporous (NP) and nanotubu...

The development of durable bonds using titanium adherens has been investigated from the point of view of surface energy theoretical models measurements. The traditional Chromium Acid Anodization, which provides excellent durability, has to be phased out due to the use of hazardous Cr (VI) in the bath and as a result, special attention is paid to th...

The possibility of tailoring titania nanotube films on Ti–6Al–4V alloy is investigated using electrolytes based on NH4H2PO4 with the addition of different concentrations of NH4F. Several morphologies from high aspect ratio nanotubes to barrier layers are achieved by the control of the electrolyte composition, regarding its pH and fluoride concentra...

Present paper studies the corrosion protection of three new nanomeric coatings obtained from modified silanes and cured at low temperatures. The synthesis of these coatings is carried out starting from a mixture of two sols separately prepared: a prehydrolized GPTS (glicidoxipropiltrimetoxisilano) and a second sol TEOS/MTES. Adding to this initial...

Electrodeposition of Zn–Ni coatings performed in acidic baths are not suitable for high strength steels due to their high susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement.In this work, Zn–Ni coatings were deposited on a high strength steel (4340) upon stirring conditions from an alkaline bath. A complete characterisation of the coatings (corrosion, morphol...

The formation of nanotubes in sulphuric/hydrofluoric acid electrolyte at controlled voltage is investigated on Ti–6Al–4V alloy used for load-bearing prosthetic applications. The effects of anodizing time and voltage on film morphology, composition and microstructure are studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscatte...

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física Aplicada. Fecha de lectura: 29-06-2010 Bibliogr.: p.189-196

The aim of this study was to evaluate Staphylococcus sp adhesion to modified surfaces of anodized titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Surface modification involved generation of fluoride-containing titanium oxide nanotube films. Specimens of Ti-6Al-4V alloy 6-4 ELI-grade 23- meets the requirements of ASTM F136 2002A (AMS 2631B class A1) were anodized in a...

The corrosion properties of hydrothermally sealed anodised 2024 aluminium alloy specimens in tartaric–sulphuric acid (TSA) and sulphuric acid (SA) are investigated using electrochemical techniques. A new mechanism is proposed to describe the improvements observed for the sealed porous layer grown in the mixed electrolyte. This mechanism involves th...

This paper reports on the corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviour of AISI 304 stainless steel surfaces after processed by a duplex treatment consisting of plasma nitriding and a CrN coating by physical vapour deposition (PVD). An industrial evaporation PVD reactor chamber has been adapted to produce a nitriding layer using arc-enhanced glow discharg...

At present, one of the most important problems in automobile engines and transmission components is due to tribological processes (friction and wear) that in many cases come accompanied by corrosion processes due to the environmental conditions to which these materials are exposed during their lifetime. Both mechanisms can be minimized by means of...