Juan Borrego

• DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology)
• Head of Department at Hospital Aúna Especialidades Veterinarias IVC-Evidensia

Background Peripheral nodal B‐cell lymphomas (PNBCL) represent the most common presentation of lymphomas in dogs. Multiagent CHOP (C = cyclophosphamide, H = hydroxydaunorubicin [Doxorubicin], O = Oncovin, P = prednisolone)‐based chemotherapy protocols have been widely accepted as gold standard 1st‐line treatment. CHOP‐25 and CHOP‐19 are most common...

Simple Summary Canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma is an aggressive and painful type of mammary gland cancer in dogs, often leading to poor quality of life and short survival times. This study investigated the effectiveness of a treatment combining two drugs, toceranib and carprofen, as a first-line therapy for 15 dogs diagnosed with this conditi...

Objectives Mammary tumours in cats are biologically aggressive. The standard of care relies upon wide surgical resection. Chemotherapy has been described in the macroscopic disease setting; however, limited efficacy has been shown. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of toceranib phosphate in macroscopic feline mammary tumours (FMTs)....

Background/aim: Stage migration, a phenomenon triggered by technological advancements allowing more sensitive tumor spread detection, results in alterations in the distribution of cancer stages within a population. Canine multicentric lymphoma is staged I to V based on the affected anatomic site(s) and substage a or b depending on the presence of...

Melanoma of the dog and cat poses a clinical challenge to veterinary practitioners across the globe. As knowledge evolves, so too do clinical practices. However, there remain uncertainties and controversies. There is value for the veterinary community at large in the generation of a contemporary wide-ranging guideline document. The aim of this proj...

Mammary tumors in dogs and cats

Canine and feline Urogenital tumors

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common canine primary liver tumor. This study retrospectively evaluated the impact of clinical, diagnostic, and pathologic criteria on the outcome of dogs with massive, nodular, and diffuse hepatocellular carcinomas in a modern population of dogs across eight specialty institutions.

Canine non-indolent T-cell lymphoma (cNITCL) is associated with low response rates and short progression free survivals (PFS) with standard CHOP protocols, as a result alternative alkylating-based induction protocols are currently being evaluated. The CLOP protocol is a modification of the Madison-Wisconsin protocol with similar schedule, drugs and...

Toceranib has been documented to provide clinical benefit in dogs with a variety of carcinomas. Long-term disease control can be achieved in canine oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) with a compartmental surgical approach. When local therapy is not feasible, cases managed with cytotoxic chemotherapy have a low response rate and short progression...

Lomustine, vincristine and prednisolone (LOP) type protocols have been evaluated in canine naïve or relapsed large-cell lymphoma (LCL) but not in its feline counterpart. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and tolerability of LOP in feline LCL.

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of a dose-intensified adjuvant doxorubicin protocol in canine splenic hemangiosarcoma.

El mastocitoma cutáneo canino representa del 16 al 21% de las neoplasias tegumentarias malignas. Se localiza frecuentemente en la dermis, tejido subcuta?neo y con menor incidencia en el aparato digestivo, hígado, bazo, tonsilas o cavidad nasal. Las metástasis pulmonares son inusuales, siendo los nódulos linfáticos regionales, hígado, bazo y médula...

El objetivo del suplemento Guia de oncología para no oncólogos es ofrecer a veterinarios generalistas las claves para diagnosticar y manejar cuatro tipos de neoplasias habituales en la clínica veterinaria: el mastocitoma, el carcinoma de células escamosas, los tumores mamarios y el carcinoma de tiroides. De la mano de dos especialistas en la materi...

Background Tonsillar carcinomas are rarely reported in dogs. Information on outcome after treatment is sparse and prognosis is guarded to poor. Hypothesis/Objectives Assess treatment outcome and potential prognostic factors in a population of dogs with cytological or histopathological diagnosis of tonsillar carcinoma. Animals A total of 123 clien...

Objectives: Feline primary laryngeal or tracheal lymphoma (PLTL) is an uncommon extranodal presentation. Information on long-term survival is scarce, although some small case series describe this being achieved with multiagent protocols; an accurate outcome for cats with PLTL is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to gather information...

La hipoglucemia es un síndrome paraneoplásico producido fundamentalmente por tumores como el insulinoma. Sin embargo, de forma menos frecuente, este síndrome puede aparecer en tumores primarios hepáticos o en neoplasias del músculo liso, especialmente del tracto gastrointestinal. El mecanismo principal por el que se produce la hipoglucemia en esta...

Simple Summary Infiltrative brain tumours are common in dogs. Although different treatments have been used, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combinations, guidelines for the most effective management are lacking. In this study, we report the effect of combining surgery and chemotherapy on the survival of 14 dogs with infiltrative gli...

Los tumores de colisión se caracterizan por ser masas sólidas únicas, macroscópicamente homogéneas, pero microscópicamente compuestas por dos tumores histopatológicamente diferentes y con límites definidos 2. Existe poca bibliografía en medicina veterinaria, con casos aislados descritos en cavidad oral, piel, testículo y tejido perianal. 1,3,4,5 En...

La criptococosis es una micosis oportunista focal o sistémica de relevancia mundial con escasa prevalencia en el perro. Se trata de levaduras saprófitas encapsuladas que normalmente son inhaladas y retenidas en cavidad nasal, tejido paranasal o pulmones. El tratamiento de elección en un granuloma por Cryptococcus spp. ? 3 cm es la combinación de un...

Objectives Pulmonary carcinoma is uncommon in cats and reporting of outcomes following medical treatment is limited, especially in presence of metastases. The aim of this study was to describe the outcome of cats affected by metastatic primary pulmonary carcinoma and to evaluate the tolerability of palliative treatment in this patient population....

Objective To determine the median survival time (MST) of dogs with nasal carcinoma treated with toceranib phosphate. Material and methods The databases of four Spanish referral hospitals were retrospectively searched for dogs with a diagnosis of nasal tumours presented between January 2015 and October 2020. Dogs treated with radiotherapy or other...

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the response, outcome and prognostic factors in cats with clinically presumed relapsed low-grade alimentary lymphoma (LGAL) receiving cyclophosphamide as a first-line rescue therapy after failing chlorambucil treatment. Methods: The medical records of 20 cats (from three institutions, between 2...

An 11-year-old, 22-kg, intact female crossbred dog presented with abdominal distention and marked chronic weight loss. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large mass (>20-cm diameter) in the mid-abdomen; its origin could not be determined. CT of the abdomen revealed three masses associated with the uterus. A 720° uterine rotation along its long axis wa...

Los mastocitos son células que surgen de la diferenciación de precursores hematopoyéticos positivos a CD34+. Estas células se originan en médula ósea y se pueden localizar en diferentes partes del organismo, principalmente piel, tracto gastrointesitnal, tejido conjuntivo y tracto respiratorio. Su función es la de actuar como primera línea de defens...

La Rabacfosadina (TANOVEA®-CA1T) es un análogo nucleótido al 9-(2-fosfonilmetoxiletil guanina (PMEG) cuya forma activa permite inhibir la ADN polimerasa de las células mononucleares produciendo una actividad antiproliferativa selectiva que se presenta como alternativa al tratamiento para el linfoma canino. Se utiliza como primera línea de rescate a...

La adrenalectomía es el tratamiento de elección para masas malignas que no se hayan diseminado, así como para las no funcionales de mayor tamaño. Los tumores adrenales representan el 1-2 % de todos los tumores en perro y el 0,2 % en gatos. 1,2 Algunos se presentan en pacientes asintomáticos, como "incidenta-lomas", que son un reto diagnóstico. Los...

Cirugía de tiroides en el perro y en el gato Entre las enfermedades más frecuentes de la glándula tiroides del perro y el gato en las que puede ser necesario el tratamiento quirúrgico se encuentran los tumores tiroideos caninos y el hipertiroidismo felino. Para abordar correctamente un caso de este tipo es fundamental repasar en pro-fundidad la ana...

Splenectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used to treat canine splenic haemangiosarcoma (HSA), although it is unclear if different treatment protocols may have a similar efficacy. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess outcome in dogs with stage I and II splenic HSA treated with either first-line adjuvant anthracycl...

In canine nodal DLBCL one important step in diagnosis is the determination of the presence of a hepatic infiltration, which correspond to a stage IV based on the World Health Organization’s staging for lymphoma. The assessment of liver involvement is classically made by ultrasonography and is confirmed by cytology, which remains the usual procedure...

En los últimos años nuestra capacidad para diagnosticar el cáncer se ha incrementado de forma considerable debido al acceso mayoritario a técnicas diagnósticas que antes sólo estaban al alcance de hospitales de referencia. De la misma forma, también se ha generalizado el uso en veterinaria de fármacos quimioterápicos, radioterapia o técnicas avanza...

Introduction The combination of lomustine, L-asparaginase, and prednisone (LAP) has been previously evaluated as an effective rescue treatment for canine lymphoma (LSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of this protocol, in a Spanish cohort of resistant canine B-cell multicentric lymphomas previously treated with a UW-19...

Cytology is the first step in thyroid nodules diagnosis in human medicine. The diagnostic accuracy of this technique has not been specifically evaluated in dogs, considered low in some publications due to frequent blood contamination. The objective of this retrospective study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cytology obtained by fine needl...

Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is the most common form of feline oral cancer frequently invading the mandibular and maxillary bone contributing to morbidity and mortality. Bisphosphonates and in particular zoledronic acid have been shown to be safe and efficacious in reducing bone loss and tumor growth used alone or in combination with...

Heart base tumors (HBT), including chemodectomas (aortic and carotid body tumors, paragangliomas) occur commonly in older, brachycephalic dogs. A presumptive diagnosis is often made based on the location and appearance of the tumor via echocardiogram. Effective treatment options are limited to surgery (when feasible) or radiation therapy. Successfu...

Heart base tumors (HBT) occur commonly in older, brachycephalic dogs. A presumptive diagnosis is made based on location and appearance of the tumor via echocardiogram. Effective treatment options are limited to surgery (when feasible) or radiation therapy. Benefit of medical management is presently unknown. The goal of this retrospective study was...

Los tumores de mama en hembras de la especie canina representan el tipo de neoplasia con la mayor prevalencia descrita. (1,2,3,4,5) Sin embargo, en machos el porcentaje disminuye hasta una prevalencia que oscila entre el 0 y el 2,7% del total de la población. (2,4) En machos la mayoría de las lesiones son benignas, siendo el adenoma simple la lesió...

Los mesoteliomas son neoplasias poco frecuentes procedentes de las células mesoteliales, asociadas principalmente a la exposición crónica de amianto.1,2 Presentan un comportamiento biológico maligno al tener capacidad de implantarse de manera difusa en las cavidades.3 No existe un tratamiento curativo, siendo el objetivo terapéutico mejorar los sig...

ISSN: 2462-7356

Imágenes cedidas por los autores RESUMEN E l melanoma oral constituye uno de los tumores malignos más frecuentes en la cavidad oral del perro. En ciertas ocasiones, es tal el pleomorfismo de sus células que constituye un reto diagnóstico diferenciarlo de otras entidades tumorales, lo cual re-sulta fundamental debido a la variabilidad en el pronósti...

Glioma includes several types of primary nervous system tumours further categorized by grade on the basis of histologic assessment and biological characteristics. Treatment options for confirmed gliomas include radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy or combinations with the former providing longer survival time (255 days) compared to surgery alone (66...

Computed tomography continues to become more widely available for assessment of tumours in dogs, yet there are no studies describing the CT appearance of canine uterine and vaginal smooth muscle tumours. Objectives of this retrospective descriptive case series were to characterize the CT features of canine uterine and vaginal smooth muscle neoplasi...

INTRODUCTION Seminomas are one of the most common canine testicular tumours. Castration is often curative although 20% metastasize. The role of adjunctive therapies for metastatic disease is unknown, with only few case reports published showing some degree of efficacy of chemotherapy or radiation. Similarly, to human germ cell tumours, canine semin...

Debido a la presencia de lisis moderada a grave que afectaba a los cornetes nasales (y sugería enfermedad fúngica), y al resul-tado del cultivo, se decidió aplicar un trata-miento antifúngico basado en clotrimazol al 1 % (60 ml infundidos en cada cavidad nasal por un tiempo total de contacto de 1 h bajo anestesia general), que se repi-Diagnóstico p...

Tumores cerebrales en perros y gatos La edad media de presentación de las neoplasias cerebrales es 9 años en perros y 10 en gatos. Las razas caninas dolicocéfalicas y los gatos de pelo corto parecen predispuestos a desarrollar meningiomas, así como las braquicefálicas a desarrollar gliomas. Generalidades Las neoplasias del sistema nervioso central...

Los tumores de mama representan uno de los tumores más frecuentes en perros y gatos, no existiendo un tratamiento médico de elección en su presentación macroscópica o como terapia adyuvante tras la intervención quirúrgica. Por otro lado, y debido a las similitudes tanto clínicas como genéticas de estos tumores con los tumores mamarios en humanos, l...

Introduction Feline mammary tumors, a highly malignant type of tumor standard of care consists on aggressive surgical resection. The role of chemotherapy in the macroscopic setting has been described while further studies need to validate its benefit in the adjuvant setting. Docetaxel is commonly used in human breast cancer and has been safely adm...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxigenase 2 (COX2) are overexpressed in canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) playing a role in their invasive and angiogenic phenotype. This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of toceranib in combination with carprofen in dogs with measurable IMC Inclusion required a histopa...

The objective of this multicentre retrospective study was to describe clinical presentation, treatment and outcome and to determine prognostic factors for dogs with presumed primary colorectal lymphoma (PCRL). A total of 31 dogs were included. The predominant features of PCRL were high grade (n = 18) and immunophenotype B (n = 24). Most dogs were s...

El Síndrome Precava (SP), se trata de una emergencia médica causada por la compresión física de las venas que se encargan del drenaje de la cabeza, cuello, extremidades superiores y tórax superior. Su obstrucción suele ser debida a invasión neoplásica venosa, asociada a trombosis, o a presión extrínseca debido a una masa tumoral. En humana el 80% d...

Tumors of the nasal cavity comprise approximately 1% of all neoplasms in dogs. Canine intranasal lymphoma is rare and reports evaluating the outcome of treatment are lacking. The goal of this observational, descriptive, multi-institutional study was to evaluate the overall median survival times (MSTs) in a group of dogs with intranasal lymphoma tha...

Introduction This prospective study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the combination of tramadol plus acetaminophen/codeine and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for treating moderate to severe bone cancer pain in dogs, and its impact on quality of life (QOL). Material and methods Inclusion criteria included a cytological or h...

El osteosarcoma (OSA) representa el 85% de los tumores óseos primarios en el perro, siendo aun más frecuente en el esqueleto apendicular, donde llega al 98% de los casos. Otros tumores óseos primarios que le siguen en frecuencia incluyen el condrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma y sarcoma histicocítico, aunque se diagnostican con mucha menor...

Immunoreactive proteins in follicular cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells were assessed in canine thyroid carcinomas and healthy thyroid glands. No differences were detected in thyrotropin receptor and thyroglobulin staining between cancer and normal tissues, but expression was higher in follicular cells than in fibroblasts. Fibroblast growth...

RESUMEN Durante los últimos años la clasificación de los Tumores odontogénicos ha sufrido múltiples modificaciones dificultando, en muchos casos, su correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento. La clasificación actual los define como entidades diferentes con comportamientos biológicos propios y, por tanto, con tratamientos distintos. El objetivo de este art...

Feline Mammary tumors are a very aggressive type of tumor for which no effective treatment has been found, being the recommended treatment radical surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. There are only few veterinary oncology studies evaluating the efficacy of antitumor therapies in feline patients with macroscopic mammary tumors. Moreover, the...

Introduction Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed both in vitro and in vivo in human and canine lymphoma. Antiangiogenic treatment regimens have shown significant clinical activity in recurrent NHL in human medicine. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate an antiangiogenic treatment protocol in the setting of r...

We interrogated the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R)/substance P (SP) pathway in canine melanoma tumour tissues and cell lines. NK-1R messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were observed in the majority of tumour tissues. Immunohistochemical assessment of archived tissue sections revealed NK-1R immunoreactivity in 11 of 15 tumours, which may have...

Se expone el caso de un perro que se presentó con un cuadro de apatía, anorexia, pérdida de peso progresiva, junto conmarcada linfadenopatía mandibular bilateral y atrofia muscular de los músculos maseteros y temporales. La exploraciónde la cavidad oral reveló una enfermedad periodontal semigeneralizada severa, junto con la presencia de una fístula...

Oral administration of low-dose cyclophosphamide in pets with spontaneously occurring malignant neoplasms has become a common practice in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate toxicity events in cats with spontaneous malignancies receiving cyclophosphamide as a metronomic therapy for at least 1 month. The n...

There is no widely accepted standard of care for canine anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma (ASAGAC). Surgery alone is inadequate in many cases, but the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy is not well established. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the role of carboplatin chemotherapy in the post-operative management...

The efficacy of a treatment combination of a COX-2 inhibitor (meloxicam), chemotherapy and surgery in 23 cats with histologically confirmed mammary gland adenocarcinoma was evaluated. All of the cases underwent an aggressive surgery with concurrent doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. Meloxicam was given orally starting the day after surgery and was con...