Josip Stjepandic

PROSTEP AG · 3D Product Creation

We are delighted to disseminate in this book of proceedings a collection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the 31st ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering (TE2024), held during July 9–11, 2024, at UCL’s East Campus, United Kingdom. The conference was organized by UCL’s Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Pu...

Over the ages, every nation and civilization has accumulated its cultural heritage, primarily through figureheads such as monuments, structures, and famous individuals. Physical monuments have a unique significance. Digitalization has impacted nearly every aspect of the economy and society by providing a different perspective on the real world. An...

There are numerous initiatives and lighthouse projects around Gaia-X to create the basics of open, trustworthy data ecosystems. One of the challenges in building these data ecosystems is to convince everyone involved of the advantages of multilateral data sharing. A prerequisite is also a common understanding of the rights of use and access to the...

Even though data is a vital resource for practically every business, it must be protected, especially when it crosses corporate boundaries like those found in value-added networks. This brief communication examines the growing significance of intellectual property protection in the context of collaboration among equal partners (data sharing). A sug...

This paper addresses the needs of the Product Emergence Process (PEP) to adopt agile methodologies, specifically those managed in a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system. Agile methodologies are expected to provide solutions to reduced lead time, changing product requirements, rising product complexity and turbulent market conditions. Engineeri...

Digital transformation (DT) is the convergence of digital technology into several domains to bring about fundamental changes, improve essential system performance, and raise stakeholder or customer satisfaction. The four fundamental components of digital transformation are as follows: (1) target entity, or the organization implementing DT; (2) tran...

Plants in the process industry have long-lasting lifecycles of several decades. These long operation phases can only be achieved when these assets undergo continuous maintenance and repair activities. Further, the modernization of plants becomes necessary over time. Therefore the as-is state of the specific brownfield plant needs to be digitized. W...

In this chapter, we describe how to adopt different software components based on the previously presented conceptual solution and generate an integrating digital twin for a business workflow as a service extension. The focus of this software system lies in the implementation of methods from computer vision that can reliably recognize the existing o...

The lifecycle of each successful product, process, or service begins with a collection of its requirements which represent the expression of customers’ needs. An appropriate requirements definition is therefore indispensable for high-quality results by preventing wrong turns and reducing the cost of change, both of prototypes and production tools,...

The generation of the digital twin for a brownfield process plant can be offered in the market as a service provided in collaboration with a few partners. In this book, we have tackled specific technical and economic issues, benefits, and limitations of a dedicated process to achieve this objective. It is a service with inherent self-improvement, w...

This chapter presents how to conceptualize the solution approach for a digital twin of a process plant, after the requirements, the state-of-the-art, and business needs are explored. The servitization process is a fundamental means for manufacturing companies that would find new business opportunities and involve new customer segments, increasing t...

The development of new offerings (products or services) belongs to a value-creation process. Such a process requires conceptual design and practical implementation. Hereby, the focus relies on how to create value for the customer. An accordingly defined business model is the key point. It describes the interdependencies between the product/service...

The current state of the art of the digital twin is portrayed in this chapter with a focus on the process plant. For this purpose, an exhaustive sample of recent scientific literature was analyzed, and different approaches are explained. While it should be noted that a variety of definitions of the digital twin exist, several definitions of the dig...

The digitalization of a brownfield process plant and the generation of a digital twin respectively is a time-consuming and expensive task. The as-is state needs to be captured and engineers need to remodel the plant manually within the CAD system. By applying object recognition from point cloud this task can be automated. However, various factors i...

Plant design as a phase of plant engineering comprises the activities in the conception and the planning of plants where chemical substances, biological agents, or auxiliary energy from available raw materials or existing energy sources are typically produced. Plant construction projects are usually defined as so-called engineering, procurement, an...

Recently popularized, as a term with no unique definition, digital twin refers to a high-fidelity digital replica of the physical object that updates and exchanges data synchronously with its physical counterpart. Data is continuously gathered and updated in real-time. A variety of digital twin types and expressions are used in research and practic...

U radu je prikazan odnos ekonomije i inženjerstva, s obzirom na izgradnju digitalnog blizanca, koji imitira stvaran fizički proizvod / sustav s određenim stupnjem sličnosti karakteristika tijekom različitih faza životnog ciklusa. Odnos između ekonomije i inženjerstva opisan je preko tri paradigme. Cjeloviti komparativni prikaz digitalnih blizanaca...

This paper discusses how the implementation of a digital twin approach can assist organizations in attaining two related but non-competitive objectives: promoting transparent risk-based decision-making and demonstrating that sustainability objectives can be accomplished in a more direct and cost-effective way. When developing a digital twin, it is...

The process of creating value includes the creation of new offerings. Such a procedure needs to be conceptually designed and practically carried out. Here, the emphasis is on how to add value for the client. A suitably established business model is the key aspect. It explains how the development of the product or service is dependent on one another...

Due to the rising digitalization in the past few years, even more data can be collected from smart products and sensors to describe the real world, goods, environments, and newly humans including those mutual interactions. Digital twin (DT) has become a key word in engineering, society, and medicine, which is also a hot topic in research for creati...

Most vessels undergo modernization and overhaul during their lifecycle. A model representing the as-is status is a prerequite to plan these activities. Especially when it comes to overhauling a piping system, it is crucial to know their exact spatial layout. Otherwise, the existing parts and the newly delivered parts may not fit together. Capturing...

This book of proceedings contains peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the 29th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering (TE2022), organized by System Design and Management (SDM) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA, United States from July 5–8, 2022. TE2022 brought together a diverse global com...

The interconnectedness of knowledge implies the need for a transdisciplinary attitude between humans and computers. This paper proposes a method for requirements and BOMs engineering and their chaining toward CAD models. Agents and multi-agent systems are considered and modelled as transdisciplinary concepts. The cooperative and agent-based platfor...

Over the last few years, a concept called Digital Twin has emerged continuously as a comprehensive approach in industrial domains. The concept comprises a description of strong coherence between physical products, processes, or services "as delivered" and their virtual surrogates. Internet-of-Things technology has drastically lowered the costs of D...

Process plants have a long life cycle which often has started prior to the digital era. Most recently, the concept of digital twin provides significant support for process optimization and reducing the erroneous impact of human factors. The twinning of the existing plants or a portion of is necessary based on automated and accurate object acquisiti...

The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework where risk management is living, decision-driving process in a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) supported product development. This is especially relevant in the environment of the medical devices industry where products have a direct impact in customer’s health. The challenge is finding a metho...

Currently, product development of highly regulated products is usually aided by modern PLM systems as an information backbone that reflect and support various business processes. Changes are systematically handled and the overall impact is made transparent through configuration management. In the search to maintain the integrity of all systems and...

The concept of Digital Twin is almost twenty years old, posing an enhancement of well-known concepts like Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), with expected benefits through ubiquitous simulation, real-time analysis and synchronous processing. The theoretical framework and practical implementations of Digi...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the core drivers of industrial development and a critical factor in promoting the integration of emerging technologies, in the new generation of big data and Industry 4.0. In particular, machine learning (ML) becomes increasingly more frequently applicable in manufacturing applications. This chapter presents a...

As a recently coined buzzword without a clear definition, Digital Twin relies on the high-fidelity digital representation of the physical product and the continuously accumulated data and real-time presentation of the collected data to simultaneously update and modify with its physical counterpart. In research and practice, many types and expressio...

The challenge of enhancing and generalizing interoperability as an important pre-requisite for Digital Twin is often hindered by the fact that data quality requisites depend on the purpose for which the data will be used and on the subjectivity of the data consumer. Data quality is getting as important as product quality in manufacturing process. I...

Recognition of an object from a point cloud, image or video is an important task in computer vision which plays a crucial role in many real-world applications. The challenges involved in object recognition, aiming at locating object instances from a large number of predefined categories in collections (images, video or, model library), are multi-mo...

Over the last few years, a concept called Digital Twin has evolved rapidly as a new key approach in the field of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). Briefly, a Digital Twin is a digital representation of an active unique product or unique product-service-system with its selected characteristics within dedicated lifecycle phases. This concept has ex...

In order to prepare the point cloud for a feature-based process of planning and simulation, the objects it contains must first be recognized and a CAD-based structure must be created. The great challenge in every process chain is to implement the desired function with minimal effort and losses. As one of the alternatives, the object recognition is...

While production plants are subjects of frequent change, for instance due to changed processes, new products or new machine tools, the process plans must be subsequently updated. This generally affects all planning processes for production management and thus in particular also modern planning methods such as the Digital Twin of a production system...

No one discipline or person can encompass all the knowledge necessary to solve complex, ill-defined problems, or problems for which a solution is not immediately obvious. The concept of Concurrent Engineering (CE) – interdisciplinary, but with an engineering focus – was developed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the Product Creation...

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and its disruptive technologies are emerging massively. With various motivations for its implementation such as elevation of speed, reducing costs, mitigating errors, and other different factors, more and more technology are being employed to solve business problems and increase profit. Through the years, product li...

In the search to maintain the integrity of all systems and components over the span of the product's life, a tightly integrated risk management process and system shall enable a discrete but frequent enough calculation method. The challenge is finding a methodology where risk management is living, concomitant process throughout the lifecycle, which...

The simulation of production processes using a Digital Twin is a promising tool for predictive planning, analysis of existing systems or process-parallel monitoring. In the process industry, the concept of Digital Twin provides significant support for process optimization. The generation of the Digital Twin of an already existing plant is a major c...

The focus of this book is an application of Digital Twin as a concept and an approach, based on the most accurate view on a physical production system and its digital representation of complex engineering products and systems. It describes a methodology to create and use Digital Twin in a built environment for the improvement and optimization of fa...

For Aristotelian scholars, matter is identified as the subject of change, while form is the boundary of matter. Design is a process of bringing about change. From a design perspective, material is what an entity is made from; form is what makes a thing what it is. Based on the principle, “form is the boundary of matter”, this paper proposes a Desig...

Product and service innovations are the key driver of the competitiveness in the manufacturing industry. For long time, partnerships between manufacturers, suppliers and service providers have been established to improve overall performance of entire supply chain. Most members in such a supply chain try to expand their business by developing platfo...

Nowadays, Digital Twin is used both as a subject of scientific research as well as a buzzword to attract existing commercial products and services. It poses one of key innovations in the IT related products and services in the past years. There are numerous types of Digital Twin, in particular in the manufacturing domain. Big challenge still remain...

Presently, modular designs use various technologies accompanied by multiple models. Although no integral solution is known, a plethora of approaches is used to resolve this trans disciplinary challenge, often by using local intelligence. However, the effective utilization of multiple models requires proper integration for them to work together as a...

A Digital Twin can be utilized for prospective planning, analysis of existing systems or process-parallel monitoring. In all cases, the Digital Twin offers manufacturing companies room for improvement in production processes leading to cost savings. However, many companies do not apply the technology, because the generation of a Digital Twin is cos...

This book of proceedings contains papers that have been peer-reviewed and accepted for the 27th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, organized by Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, July 1 – 10, 2020. TE2020 has been the first conference in the series that was organized in a virtual manner due to the COVID-19 world-w...

The simulation of production processes using a Digital Twin is a promising means for prospective planning, analysis of existing systems or process-parallel monitoring. However, many companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, do not apply the technology, because the generation of a Digital Twin is cost-, time-and resource-intensive an...

The simulation of processes in production systems is a powerful tool for factory planning. The application of simulation methods within the Digital Factory is becoming increasingly relevant as developments in the field of digitalization lead to more comprehensive, efficient, embedded and cost-effective simulation methods. Especially the integration...

Engineering Change Management (ECM) is an essential constituent of any product development project, these project are highly dynamic process of knowledge generation and reuse for products, projects, processes and resources within a enterprise. Currently, ECM is fully document-, and at least partially paper-based, and needs to be transformed to a fu...

During product design, when many design aspects still must be understood by the design team, it is necessary to apply robust modelling approaches in order to describe the properties of the product according to the functional requirements, employing CAD system. High sensitivity to change of a CAD model can lead to unstable and unpredictable model be...

In recent years, the development and application of sustainable product design have become a hot spot. With the development of computer technology as the core of the comprehensive technology, product management information system should integrate the sustainable material specifications early in process design. This paper proposes a conceptual model...

Innovation of products and services is a key success factor for the manufacturing industry. Development of upgraded and innovative products and services usually takes place in partnerships. In this regard, in the manufacturing industry, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) distribute the development of new and innovative products to many differe...

This short communication describes the background, objectives, and publications of World Patent Information's special issue on Artificial Intelligence for Intellectual Property (AI for IP). The report serves as the editorial for the WPI's special issue on AI for IP. We look forward to receiving future contributions in research articles, literature/...

Modern product development is supported by various applications which are increasingly embedded or integrated in a comprehensive PLM system that act as a company-wide information back-bone. Changes in product and process are handled systematically by Configuration Management so that systems and components maintain their integrity over the span of t...

Today high quality and low product development turnaround time are company-wide priorities. Quality supporting processes such as an effective risk management system shall support continuous business running and meeting the goals of an organization. In this paper, an approach is presented on how to integrate the product risk management in Product Li...

The primary focus behind the overall design involves shifting from a designer-centric concept to a user-centric one. In essence, cars are utilitarian from an engineering point of view and symbolic-emotional from a social point of view. The modern car retains a strong social position and also generates vivid emotions. The tellability of a car is the...

Die Produktionsplanung ist ein zentraler Bestandteil des Produktionsmanagements industrieller Unternehmen. Hieraus resultiert die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Wertschöpfungsprozesses, weshalb die Planung so umfassend, präzise und effizient wie möglich sein sollte. Ein hilfreiches Werkzeug ist der digitale Zwilling, der jedoch selten eingesetzt wird. Di...

This chapter focuses on transdisciplinary processes in the engineering domain. It adopts a systems approach for characterizing and describing transdisciplinary engineering research processes. The chapter identifies challenges that need to be overcome. It states that a system view will help to understand the complexity of transdisciplinary processes...

Systems Engineering (SE) is a well-established field of research and practice. Nevertheless, the theory underlying SE is experiencing significant development, directly and in association with advancements in closely associated research domains. In this final Chapter, a socio-technical perspective is applied to identify and describe major trends in...

The system concept has existed for several decades now, but is still a viable concept to be used to denote a problem area and to adopt a holistic view. The essence of a system is that it consists of elements and relationships between these elements, and that it exerts a function in its environment, provided it is an open system. A system can be def...

The simulation of production processes using a digital twin can be utilised for prospective planning, analysis of existing systems or process-parallel monitoring. In all cases, the digital twin offers manufacturing companies room for improvement in production and logistics processes leading to cost savings. However, many companies, especially small...

The current trend in product development is toward usage and integration of different advanced technologies which are increasingly embedded in a comprehensive PDM system as a company-wide information backbone. With such an approach, the transparency is increased and many business processes accelerated. While modularization is a mega-trend, the modu...

This book of proceedings contains papers peer-reviewed and accepted for the 26th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, held at the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa Campus, July 30 – August 1, 2019, Japan. This is the eight issue of the newly introduced series “Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering”, which publishes the pro...

Innovative products and services are key success factors for the manufacturing industry. Development of such products and services usually takes place in partnerships in which the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) distributes the development of new products to many locations in several countries across the world. Suppliers, especially first-tie...

One of the most important means for digital transformation is the Digital Twin which is the most exact representation of the manufacturing process in a virtual model. The Digital Twin provides many advantages for the optimization of production processes, but it is currently still used very rarely. This is primarily due to the fact that companies ar...

Digital Twin has been recognized as a strategic approach in the modern manufacturing industry to improve both the flexibility and the efficiency. To efficiently generate the Digital Twin of an existing real object in the factory, powerful methods are necessary. Hereby, a fast data acquisition including object recognition and model reconstruction me...

Transdisciplinary processes have been the subject of research since several decades already. Transdisciplinary processes are aimed at solving ill-defined and socially relevant problems. Many researchers have studied transdisciplinary processes and have tried to understand the essentials of transdisciplinarity. Many engineering problems can be chara...

This book details the foundations, new developments and methods, applications, and current challenges of systems engineering (SE). It provides key insights into SE as a concept and as an approach based on the holistic view on the entire lifecycle (requirements, design, production, and exploitation) of complex engineering systems, such as spacecraft...

Abstract Multi-scale design can presumably stimulate greater intelligence in computer-aided design (CAD). Using the style-holon concept, this paper proposes a computational approach to address multi-scale style recognition for automobiles. A style-holon is both a whole—it contains sub-styles of which it is composed—as well as a part of a broader st...

The continuous spread of additive manufacturing also raises the question of what procedure to recommend when changing the manufacturing method of already constructed parts from injection molding to additive manufacturing. To answer this question, the differences between the two manufacturing processes and the respective end products are first prese...

With the advancing digital transformation, verification and validation with simulations is getting more and more important. Reduced hardware testing and shortening of development times require a significant boost in digital vehicle development. The Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) is a tool independent standard to support both, model exchange and...