Joshua Olanrewaju Olaoye

University of Ilorin | unilorin · Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Solar dryers are developed to improve food safety and efficiency of solar drying at minimal cost. The application of any new design of solar dryer to crop drying requires adequate performance evaluation to guarantee food hygiene and cost effectiveness of the application. A newly developed multi-layer solar tent dryer by Nigerian Stored Products Res...

Pounded yam is a very popular delicacy in Nigeria. There is need to proffer solution to the problem of its preparation which is energy consuming. This study was carried out to determine the optimum drying and blanching parameters of "poundo" yam. The "poundo" yam was produced from white yam (Dioscorea rotunda) using an experimental dryer. The produ...

This study was carried out to determine the effect of blanching parameters on ‘poundo’ yam nutritional quality. White yam (Dioscorea rotunda) was used to produce the ‘poundo’ yam. The drying aspect of the experiment was accomplished with the aid of an electrical agricultural produce dryer. The two blanching parameters studied are temperature (80oC,...

A combined roaster and oil expeller was developed with locally available and accessible materials and the efficiency of the machine was evaluated. The obtained result shows that the efficiency of the machine is a function of the roasting temperature, the roasting duration, the moisture contents of the processed seeds and the machine feeding rate. T...

A study on modeling and optimization of foam mat drying of ripe mango was carried out, three levels of whipping durations (5 min, 10 min and 15 min, three levels of Egg white albumen powder concentrations as foaming agent (6% (w/w), 12%(w/w) and 18% (w/w)), three levels of Xanthan gum concentration as foam stabilizing agent (0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06%)...

A response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized for investigating the effects of the speed of shelling, melon seed moisture content and the number of beaters of a developed mechanized centrifugal melon shelling and cleaning machine. The machine shells the melon and then cleans the shelled seed from the shells and other impurities. The experi...

Compression Ignition Engines have proved its usefulness in agriculture, transportation, and power sector. In this research, the physicochemical properties of different blends of castor biodiesel were compared with conventional diesel fuel. Samples of the castor biodiesel prepared using transesterification processwere blended with the conventional b...

This study was carried out to understand the moisture transfer behaviour of tomato fruits subjected to pre‐drying and drying processes. Effects of variety and process conditions on the moisture ratio (MR) and effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) of tomato were investigated using three‐level‐four‐variable Box‐Behnken design of response surface meth...

Energy resources such as electricity and fuel are used to power biomass densification system for production of solid biofuel, however, energy consumption of the densification equipment has led to high cost of production of the solid biofuel. Meanwhile, energy stored in fuel or the electricity is being used to budget for the work or power requiremen...

This study was conducted to improve on the retention of colour properties of dried tomato fruits. Process conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A three‐level‐four‐variable Box‐Behnken design was used for the optimization which involved 68 samples in triplicates, the variables were drying‐air temperature, slice thicknes...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of castor biodiesel and its blends on the emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. The research work was carried out on a single cylinder, four-stroke, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine by using biodiesel made from castor oil, compared with conventional diesel....

This study was conducted to determine the effect of osmotic pre-drying treatment on the vitamin C content of Hausa variety of tomato. The tomatoes used were sliced to a uniform diameter of 10 mm, deseeded and then osmotically pre-treated with sugar and honey solution at different osmotic concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 °Bx), osmotic time (10, 20...

In recent time, interest in energy generation from biological materials has been on the increase because of its environmental benefits. The use of these waste materials as feedstock in energy generation plants has been used in many industrial processes. The availability of these wastes is key to the sustainability of such a process. Resource assess...

Tomato is a crop that is highly perishable and there are huge postharvest losses incurred annually in Nigeria. Drying of the fruit is important and suitable for developing economies. However, the heat employed during drying of tomato can influence its quality adversely, as a result it is important to use pre-drying treatments prior to drying operat...

This study was conducted to determine the effect of osmotic pre-drying treatment on the vitamin C content of Hausa variety of tomato. The tomatoes used were sliced to a uniform diameter of 10 mm, deseeded and then osmotically pre-treated with sugar and honey solution at different osmotic concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 °Bx), osmotic time (10, 20...

Rig was developed for Universal testing machine of model SF 300-2041 installed at department of Agricultural and Bio-System Engineering, University of Ilorin to compressed and eject Sorghum Stover and Moringa shell grinds. The Rig consists of Pistons, Cylinder, Ejection unit and Base Plate. The Rig was tested using Sorghum stover grind and Moringa...

The global concerns about the rise in anthropogenic gases have resulted in alternative clean energy sources. Biomass is one of the most prominent renewable energy sources, which can be found in wood and wood wastes, agricultural crops and their waste byproducts, municipal solid waste (MSW), animal wastes, food processing, aquatic plants and algae....

The development of a sugarcane juice extractor was undertaken for macerating and extracting processes to take effect in a farm settlement. The macerating unit was incorporated with sets of pyramidal shaped metal sheet which aids the quick production of fine macerated sugar-cane fibre for the extraction of sug-arcane juice. The extraction unit of th...

A mechanized centrifugal melon shelling and cleaning machine with a capacity of 114kg/h was developed and tested at the fabrication workshop of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin. It comprised of the hopper, feed control mechanism, shelling unit, cleaning unit, power transmission unit and the frame. The machine performanc...

Experimental studies of some properties influencing cracking and separation of palm kernel from the shell was conducted in a palm kernel dual processing machine. A mechanical cracking cum separating machine was developed for the study. The cracking unit consists of feed hopper, impeller shaft, cracking drum and impeller blade. The nut falls by grav...

A motorized thresher and a treadle cowpea thresher were evaluated in terms of threshing efficiency (%), throughput capacity (kg h-1), cleaning efficiency (%), mechanical damage (%) and percentage loss (%) for three commonly grown cowpea varieties in Nigeria. The three varieties were 994, IAR48 and TVX. The cylinder concave clearances were fixed at...

A rotary power weeder was developed and evaluated. The weeder is to reduce drudgery and ensure a comfortable posture of the farmer or operator during weeding and increase production. The weeder's component parts are: frame, rotary hoe (disk), tines, power and transmission unit. The results of field performance evaluation showed that the field capac...

The use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel, either neatly or in blends with conventional diesel, in internal combustion engine has been widely adopted worldwide. However, the high cost of procuring basic equipment and facilities to produce biodiesel on a small scale hinders its sustainable production. In this study, a laboratory scale biodiesel re...

The effect of the processing parameters of Castor seed on its oil yield was investigated. The castor seeds were passed through drying, crushing and separation into seeds and shells. These processing conditions were further succeeded by seed roasting and subsequent mechanical expression of the roasted nut by means of screw press in the course of its...

The dehulling of cowpeas is a long and tedious process which involves detaching of cotyledon from the hull. Dehulling machines for soaked cowpea seeds were developed to produce clean dehulled cowpea seeds for use in food preparation. Dehulling of cowpea seeds influences the quality of the final products. An improved hydro-separating cowpea dehuller...

Biomass materials are potential sources of energy that can be exploited as alternative energy complements. Densification processes improve the handling and energy attributes of biomass materials. This research work is aimed at evaluation of constitutive conditions on calorific value of Sorghum and Castor Stovers. A fabricated densification rig that...

Introduction. Tomato is a short duration fruit that deteriorates easily after harvest, hence the need to process it using foam-mat drying as a technique, to produce tomato with good quality and investigate some process parameters (foaming agent and foam stabilizer concentration) that can influence drying rate and quality of the dried powder. Materi...

Management of biomass waste is one of the problems faced in rural-urban area of developing countries. Engineering properties of biomass materials need to be evaluated in order to have design data for machines required for densification processes. This study was aimed at evaluating the constitutive conditions of densification of Sorghum stover. Sele...

Utilization of agricultural residues (wanted and unwanted) as alternative materials for fossil fuel is of interest due to its environmental friendliness. This paper is aimed to study these materials response to load during densification. Sorghum and Castor stovers grounds were obtained using hammer mill. Different particle sizes were obtained by us...

Abstract Introduction. This study was conducted to determine the effects of processing techniques and packaging materials on the quality of Suya meat. Materials and Methods. Grilling and roasting techniques were used to process lean beef meat each weighing 1.5 kg. After processing, the samples were packaged in four different materials, Glass jar,...

Processing of African locust bean seed starts with pretreatment of the harvested fruit before the seed can be converted into its numerous derivatives. Depulping of locust bean seed precedes cooking in locust bean processing. This operation requires much time and energy, which poses difficulties for the women and children who are involved in the pro...

The study was conducted to investigate the physical properties of African pear seeds, the flesh African pear seed was purchased from Ojo market in Ibadan and mesocarps of the fruits were removed to obtain the nuts. The nuts were dried under ambient conditions for several days, the actual moisture content of the nuts at the time of experimentation w...

Entrepreneur is one who assumes the responsibility and the risk for a business operation with the expectation of making a profit. The entrepreneur generally decides on the product, acquires the facilities, and brings together the labour force, capital, and production materials. If the business succeeds, the entrepreneur reaps the reward of profits;...

Briquetting of some agricultural wastes was carried out with the construction of a simple briquetting apparatus and using a 3 x 5 factorial design the effect of mix ratios (40:60; 50:50 and 60:40) and pressures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 MPa) on the durability of the briquettes formed was investigated using starch as a binder. The investigation involve...

Abstract. The dehulling of cowpeas is a long and tedious process which involves detaching of cotyledon from the hull. Dehulling of cowpea seeds influences the quality of the final products. Some dehulling machines have been developed by institutions like National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, (NCAM), Ilorin and University of Ilorin, Ilorin...

An instrumented dryer was designed and constructed using electric heater as source of heat. The dryer consists of a drying chamber, trays, chimney, electric heater, blower with centrifugal fan and prime mover, thermostat with probe to get the accurate measurement of the temperature inside the dryer. The dryer of overall dimension 1610 mm by 600 mm...

Food and Bioprocess Engineering Introduction to food and bioprocess engineering profession: Definition of food and bioprocess engineering. Specializations/ Options in food and bioprocess engineering. Use of various implements and equipment in food and bioprocess engineering for various operations/process. Prospects and job opportunities in food and...

Drying of fresh fermented locust beans condiments is highly important in marketing strategy. Performance test of the dryer for processed locust beans condiments (Iru) was carried out using an instrumented dryer designed and developed, this was used to dry two varieties of fermented locust beans (Iru Woro of initial moisture content of 48.38 % and I...

Reliability of tillage equipment in Osun State, Nigeria was investigated by using Weibull function. Frequencies of breakdown and time of failure of the implements were collected and analyzed using Weibull method. Results obtained showed that harrows were the most reliable followed by ridger and the plough respectively. Disc blade, disc gang and bea...

Considering the potential of hydropower generation in Nigeria which was put in excess of 11 GW and the epileptic or no power supply that has negatively affected the national economy, agricultural productivity and rural to urban migration, two hydro power turbines (Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines) were designed, constructed and tested at the UN...

This study investigated the degree of agricultural mechanization index on the performance of farm settlement schemes in Nigeria. Seven farm settlements were selected for this study. Farm mechanization index of the farm settlements was determined and subjected to SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis to ascertain their inte...

Energy is one of the most fundamental parts of our universe. Everything we do is connected to energy in one form or another. We use energy to do work. Energy lights our cities. Energy powers our vehicles, trains, planes and rockets. Energy warms our homes, cooks our food, plays our music, and gives us pictures on television. Energy powers machinery...

Performance of breeding lines in advanced yield trials is prerequisite to identification of superior genotypes intended as replacement to the existing cultivars. To this end, 10 advanced sugarcane lines from the Unilorin Sugar Research Institute (USRI) breeding programme were assessed for their flowering behaviour, sugar (cane yield and sucrose con...

The performance evaluation of slider crank based sugarcane juice extractor was undertaken. The machine was evaluated using five grating speeds: 602, 765, 791, 1176 and 1520 rpm, to determine the machine's grating capacity, grating efficiency, extraction capacity, extraction efficiency, juice yield, fibre content, moisture content of juice after ext...

Kwara state land mass was classified via processed land-sat image of the State using ILWIS and IDRISI software in to forest, savanna, built up and water body areas. Three land clearing options: manual land clearing plus burning, manual land-clearing cum winching and sawing, and mechanical land clearing using bulldozer were considered for this study...

The study evaluates the performance of a modified cowpea dehuller using two varieties of cowpea namely, IAR 48 and IAR60/62. Two important parameters namely speed of the machine and soaking time of the cowpea were selected at various levels and varied for the purpose of achieving their optimum values. The levels of these factors are; machine speed:...

A motorized thresher and a treadle cowpea thresher were evaluated in terms of threshing efficiency (%), throughput capacity (kg h-1), cleaning efficiency (%), mechanical damage (%) and percentage loss (%) for three commonly grown cowpea varieties in Nigeria. The three varieties were 994, IAR48 and TVX. The cylinder concave clearances were fixed at...

This study was carried out to determine the effects of drying and blanching parameters on drying rate of 'poundo' yam. The 'poundo' yam was produced from white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) using an electrically powered experimental dryer. The product was dried to an average moisture content of 12 % w.b. The moisture loss and the drying rate were deter...

A literature study was undertaken on the challenges of weeding operation in intercropping and mixed cropping systems in Nigeria. Nigeria intercrops required 29% more labour input during the peak weeding period than did sole crops. Suppression of weeds in intercropping may have a beneficial effect on crop yield and are useful in improved farming sys...

Investigation was carried out on the weed removal efficiencies of four different weeding tools in a rotary power weeder. A rotary power weeder for weeding crops planted in rows and on flat surfaces was operated with four different weeding tools, namely, Rod tines, Plastic strand tines, Cable wire tines and wood strand tines. The weeding tools were...

Weed control is one of the most difficult tasks in agriculture that accounts for a considerable share of the cost involved in agricultural production. Farmers generally expressed their concern for effective weed control measures to arrest the growth and propagation of weeds. Chemical method of weed control is more prominent than manual and mechanic...

Pounded yam is a very popular delicacy in Nigeria. There is need to proffer solution to the problem of its preparation which is energy consuming. This study was carried out to determine the optimum drying and blanching parameters of "poundo" yam. The "poundo" yam was produced from white yam (Dioscorea rotunda) using an experimental dryer. The produ...

A rotary power weeder was developed and evaluated. The weeder is to reduce drudgery and ensure a comfortable posture of the farmer or operator during weeding and increase production. The weeder's component parts are: frame, rotary hoe (disk), tines, power and transmission unit. The results of field performance evaluation showed that the field capac...

A treadle operated cowpea thresher was designed and developed for threshing cowpea. The threshing surface was created between the perforated threshing drum and a wood surface mounted on the hopper walls. The adjustment of drum-wood (concave) clearance was done by sliding the wood on the inside of the hopper closer or away from the threshing drum. T...

A management tool for mechanized aquacultural farm operations was developed. The specific operations for mechanized aquaculture farm operations were identified to include; concrete culture/breeding tank design, water quality management, fish record, feed records, feeding, cost simulation, economic analysis of operations and general report on variou...

Nigeria as a nation is blessed with abundant of natural resources. Most of these natural endowments have not been put to judicious use. Careful appraisal and application of modern technology is needed to benefit from some of the natural gifts within the nation ecosystems. The main objective of this study is to present detailed analysis of the requi...

A bio-ethanol distilling tank was designed and constructed to distil ethanol from sugarcane substrate. The machine has a capacity to process 200 litres of substrate at full load of the boiler. The distiller has mlntemalReflux Still Condenser (IRSC) that controls the internal re-distillation process and the separation of the final output. The column...

In this study, various operating parameters influencing performance of stationary grain crop threshers were established. These parameters were deduced from the established analytical models describing the underlying principles for the crop characteristics and machine variables as factors influencing the overall machine performance of a stationary m...

This study focused on the development of small scale equipment for depulpping of locust bean seeds. Processing of African locust bean seed starts with the pretreatment of the harvested fruit before the seed can be converted into its numerous derivatives. Depulpping of locust bean seed is a crucial pretreatment operation, preceding fermentation of t...

The most important use of African locust bean is found in its seed, which is a grain legume, although it has other food and non-food uses. The locust bean, when dehulled and cooked, is fermented to form a strong-smelling food condiment/flavouring agent in the entire Savannah region of West Africa. The condiment is called dawadawa in Niger and north...

The major areas of need in the cane industry are identified along the plant process as cane preparation, milling, juice extraction, sugar boiling and separation of crystal. Mechanical power is the most essential need in these areas, except for juice concentration and sugar boiling that requires heat. The milling of sugarcane is a unit operation tha...

A survey of the capacity utilization of Fadama Infrastructure in Kwara State was carried out with the sole objective of finding their adequacy or otherwise. The increasing cost of modern irrigation development has caused a shift of attention by farmers to Fadama irrigation. The attraction here is the low cost of Fadama irrigation development and th...

A study was carried out on the effect of some factors that can enhance production of good quality briquette from oil palm mush as an alternative energy source. The effects of different sizes of die diameter, mix ratio of binder and applied compressive forces were examined on the production of oil palm mush briquette. Die diameters of 25, 55 and 75m...

The effects of five tillage treatments: no tillage (NT), disc harrowing (DH), mouldboard ploughing followed by disc harrowing (MPH), disc ploughing followed by disc harrowing (DPH), and disc ploughing followed by two passes of disc harrowing (DPHH) on crop residue cover, soil properties and some yield parameters of cowpea were investigated for a de...

A manually powered beater type mixer was designed, constructed and tested. The mixer was constructed to effectively mix milled shea nut with little effort and at minimal initial capital. It has a conical shape located inside a hemispherical mixing bowl. It has an output capacity of 120 kg/h and the capacity of the mixing bowl at full load is 20 kg....

Some of the physical properties of castor nut were studied, namely: shape, size, surface area, angle of repose, static coefficient of friction and the behaviour of the nut under compressive loading. Representative samples of plant material were collected from three varieties. The results of the investigation show that the frequency distribution of...

This report present status of production and processing techniques of Shea oil from a woody oil plant in Nigeria. Attempt was made at presenting the geographical location and the characteristics of the climate at different ecological and geopolitical zones of the country. The land use distribution in Nigeria was also classified. History of producti...

Olaoye, J. O. (2011) Development of a sugarcane juice extractor for small scale industries. Journal of Agricultural Technology 7(4):931-944. The major areas of need in the cane industry are identified along the plant process as cane preparation, milling, juice extraction, sugar boiling and separation of crystal. Mechanical power is the most essenti...

The levels of Agricultural mechanization at some farms in two states in South West of Nigeria were measured and the productivity of each of the surveyed farms was analysed. Factors that lead to profitability of farm activities and whole farms were deduced. Structured questionnaire was used to establish the socio – economic characteristics, educatio...