Joseph Franklin Hair

Joseph Franklin Hair
University of South Alabama | USA

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252
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Publications

Publications (252)
Article
Full-text available
Corporate financing decisions, particularly the choice between equity and debt, significantly impact a company’s financial health and value. This study predicts binary corporate debt levels (high or low) using supervised machine learning (ML) models and firms’ characteristics as predictive variables. Key features include companies’ size, tangibilit...
Article
Full-text available
Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly transformed how individuals and organizations engage with their work, particularly in research and academia. Universities are urgently developing protocols for student use of large language models (LLMs) for coursework, while peer-reviewed journals and research conferences remain...
Article
The call for green innovation necessitates the creation of an ecosystem that is friendly to the environment. Certain environmental regulations and standards are put in place to foster this type of innovation. However, there are many literature debates on the impact of guidelines and management controls on green innovation. Drawing on both the resou...
Article
The ongoing scientific discourse surrounding the replication crisis in behavioral research, including management information systems (MIS) research, underscores the importance of innovative and rigorous approaches to theory development and validation. This article proposes the EP-mixed framework, which addresses the necessity of an ontological dist...
Article
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the appropriateness of equal weights estimation (sumscores) and the application of the composite equivalence index (CEI) vis-à-vis differentiated indicator weights produced by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Design/methodology/approach The authors rely on prior literature...
Article
Purpose Design is an important construct in the retail environment literature. Yet, the measures used for design have not followed appropriate scale development procedures. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual definition and then develop a scale for retail environment design (RED). Design/methodology/approach Interviews with both c...
Article
Walking plays a significant role in promoting public health, decreasing air pollution, and vitalizing cities. Walkability is an important notion that transportation planners and policymakers often use to quantify the suitability of and to promote travelers' propensity for walking in an urban area. This paper adopts a data-driven approach using stru...
Article
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In line with calls to stimulate methodological diversity and support evidence‐based human resource development (HRD) through quantitative competencies, we present a methods demonstration leveraging open‐source tools and lesser‐known quantitative research methods to support the HRD research community and applied HRD in the workplace. In this paper,...
Chapter
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This chapter aims to provide a brief overview of the three primary structural equation modeling approaches, which include partial least squares-path modeling (PLS-PM), covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), and generalized structure component analysis (GSCA). We also provide guidelines regarding the appropriate situation to apply e...
Chapter
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Mindful Leadership is an emerging construct on leadership which views leadership not as a position of authority or a hierarchical role, but as an unfolding social process. It is an individual’s perspective regarding shared leadership of team members working in the context of a high risk, rapidly changing environment. In this chapter, mindful leader...
Chapter
The objective of this paper is to examine the role of institutional context on different types of entrepreneurial typologies and environmental uncertainty as well as a potential key moderator role of these relationships. The debate concerning discovery (Kirznerian) and creative (Schumpeterian) entrepreneurial typologies has been ongoing since the 2...
Chapter
Full-text available
Mindful Leadership is an emerging construct on leadership which views leadership not as a position of authority or a hierarchical role, but as an unfolding social process. It is an individual’s perspective regarding shared leadership of team members working in the context of a high risk, rapidly changing environment. In this chapter, mindful leader...
Article
This study examines the degree to which Loughran and McDonald (LM) word lists are informative at the item level of SEC filings, such as risk factors (RF) and management’s discussion and analysis (MDA) disclosures in 10-X reports. In this context, we explore if sentiment types are informative when associated with other material events, namely cybers...
Chapter
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Mindful Leadership is the process leadership style that arises when an organization is teaming up to put out an actual or metaphorical fire. Moreover, Auftragstaktik [AT] or mission command is a military strategy that enables a rigid command structure to respond flexibly and in a timely way to unexpected encounters by teams on mission. A theoretica...
Chapter
Model comparisons are an essential research tool for documenting the evolution of theoretical models and assessing whether the understanding of a phenomenon has improved (Sharma et al., 2019). Comparing alternative models places theories under sharp scrutiny and enables comparative testing to confirm or falsify theories (Gray & Cooper, 2009; Popper...
Chapter
Gartner (2020) reports that 82% of the US population uses Facebook, followed by Instagram, with 42% using the social media network. Social media provides an opportunity for firms to encourage employees to post on their personal social media about their work. However, firms still terminate the employee for work-related personal social media posts. L...
Chapter
For many years, estimating models with complex inter-relationships between observed and their latent variables was equivalent to executing factor-based structural equation modeling (SEM). Recent research, however, saw the rise of partial least squares (PLS) as a composite-based alternative to the standard SEM method (Jöreskog & Wold, 1982). PLS-SEM...
Article
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Automakers' transition from a linear economy to a circular economy (CE) in response to sustainable development‐oriented regulatory and competitive pressures is a challenging process that requires innovative, practical technologies. However, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies are an important part of the transition to CE for environmentally friendly c...
Article
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In this research, we aim to examine the moderating effect of environmental commitment on the relationships between organizational compliance culture and green culture on environmental behavior, under the theoretical stream of the Resource Based Theory (RBT) of the firm, and the Value-Belief-Norm theory (VBN). The research used a quantitative resear...
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Purpose Given the positive organizational principles associated with total quality management (TQM) – customer focus, continuous improvement, and process management – one would assume TQM's application is universally beneficial across businesses. Generally, research supports that notion. However, given resource limitations and shallow management te...
Article
This paper revisits conceptual and operational consumer brand engagement (CBE) definitions from the consumer behavior and marketing literature, with the objective of developing a CBE scale drawing upon Expectancy Theory for clear delimitations of its dimensions, and increased power to discriminate them theoretically and empirically. Two qualitative...
Book
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Cette troisième édition de Modèles d’équations structurelles Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) (1re édition française) guide les lecteurs dans l'apprentissage et la maîtrise des techniques de cette approche. Les auteurs s'appuient sur leurs années de recherche et d'enseignement pour communiquer les principes fondamentaux de la méthode PLS-SEM dans un...
Article
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Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is an alternative method to the historically more commonly used covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) when analyzing the data using structural equation modeling (SEM). The article starts by introducing PLS-SEM to second language and education research, followed by a discussion of situations in wh...
Book
Full-text available
Academics, industry, government, and individuals are confronted with an explosion of data. The data increasingly are emerging from sources such as web traffic, social networking interactions, search behavior, sensors that track suppliers, customers, and shipments, and GPS systems that monitor traffic, to name only some of the more visible sources....
Book
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In 2021, the third edition of our introductory book A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was published (Hair, Hult, Ringle, & Sarstedt, 2022). The book covers the latest developments in the ield, including recent advances in model evaluation (e.g., inference testing in discriminant validity assessment, predictive...
Article
Researchers often stress the predictive goals of their partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analyses. However, the method has long lacked a statistical test to compare different models in terms of their predictive accuracy and to establish whether a proposed model offers a significantly better out-of-sample predictive accura...
Article
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The role of marketing is evolving rapidly, and design and analysis methods used by marketing researchers are also changing. These changes are emerging from transformations in management skills, technological innovations, continuously evolving customer behavior, and most recently the Covid-19 pandemic. But perhaps the most substantial driver of thes...
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This study’s purpose is to examine whether resilience, conceptualized by Connor and Davidson (2003) as one’s capacity to persevere and rebound under adversity, was a potential mitigating and/or moderating factor in the dynamic between both psychological distress and academic burnout, and student attrition. We concurrently distributed a survey conta...
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Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is an essential element of marketing researchers’ methodological toolbox. During the last decade, the PLS-SEM field has undergone massive developments, and raising the question of whether the method’s users are following the most recent best practice guidelines. This paper extends Hair et...
Article
In 2011, the Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice published “PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet,” which became a cornerstone contribution in marketing. Critical reflection of research work is a fundamental building block of science, including one’s own writing. In this spirit, we offer a review of our own 2011 paper, assuming we were reviewers with...
Article
[Concluding observations] As evident from this brief overview of recent methodological developments in PLS-SEM and the application articles in this special issue, measuring and assessing issues in sports management is a thriving and ongoing effort among scholars in this discipline. At the same time, we cannot forget that the field of sports managem...
Article
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Evermann and Rönkkö (2021) review recent developments in partial least squares (PLS) with the aim of providing guidance to researchers. Indeed, the explosion of methodological advances in PLS in the last decade necessitates such overview articles. In so far as the goal is to provide an objective assessment of the technique, such articles are most w...
Book
Full-text available
Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has become a standard approach for analyzing complex inter-relationships between observed and latent variables. Researchers appreciate the many advantages of PLS-SEM such as the possibility to estimate very complex models and the method’s flexibility in terms of data requirements and meas...
Article
For almost 40 years structural equation modeling (SEM) has been the statistical tool of choice for the assessing measurement and structural relationships in the social sciences. During the initial 30 years almost all applications of SEM utilized what has become known as covariance-based SEM. But in the past ten years an alternative structural equat...
Article
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Rigorous research across the wide spectrum of entrepreneurship is important for developing knowledge and innovation in the field, which in turn offers building blocks for future inquiry, practice, innovation, and economic growth. For this reason, scholars continually seek new empirical analysis tools to examine constructs and variables included in...
Chapter
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Computational statistics is now an increasingly popular method of analysis for researchers that combines a vast array of algorithms, statistical methods, and the power of functional coding. The R programming language, in particular, has benefitted from this development alongside of traditional graphical user interface (GUI) software. Today, it has...
Chapter
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Mediation occurs when a third variable, referred to as a mediator construct, intervenes between two other directly related constructs. More precisely, a change in the exogenous construct results in a change of the mediator construct, which in turn changes the endogenous construct. The mediator analysis evaluates the factors related to the cause–eff...
Chapter
Full-text available
Structural equation modeling is a multivariate data analysis method for analyzing complex relationships among constructs and indicators. To estimate structural equation models, researchers generally draw on two methods: covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) and partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM). Whereas CB-SEM is primarily used to confirm theories, PLS r...
Chapter
Full-text available
When moderation is present, the strength and even the direction of a relationship between two constructs depend on a third construct (i.e., the moderator). In other words, the strength of the relationship between two constructs changes as the levels of the moderator construct change. As an example, the relationship between customer satisfaction and...
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The goal of reflective measurement model assessment is to ensure the reliability and validity of the construct measures and therefore provides support for the suitability of their inclusion in the path model. This chapter introduces the key criteria that are relevant in reflective measurement model assessment: indicator reliability, internal consis...
Chapter
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Structural model assessment in PLS-SEM focuses on evaluating the significance and relevance of path coefficients, followed by the model’s explanatory and predictive power. In this chapter, we discuss the key metrics relevant to structural model assessment in PLS-SEM. We also discuss model comparisons and introduce key criteria for assessing and sel...
Chapter
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SEMinR is a software package developed for the R statistical environment (R Core Team, 2021). The package includes a user-friendly syntax for creating and estimating structural equation models using estimators such as partial least squares. In this chapter, we introduce the syntax to create, estimate, and report structural equation models using SEM...
Chapter
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PLS-SEM is the preferred approach when formatively specified constructs are included in the PLS path model. In this chapter, we discuss the key steps for evaluating formative measurement models. These include the assessment of (1) convergent validity, (2) indicator collinearity, and (3) statistical significance and relevance of the indicator weight...
Book
Full-text available
Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has become a standard approach for analyzing complex inter-relationships between observed and latent variables. Researchers appreciate the many advantages of PLS-SEM such as the possibility to estimate very complex models and the method’s flexibility in terms of data requirements and meas...
Article
While nonlinear relationships play an important role in explaining distinct family business behaviors and outcomes, researchers rarely consider them in their theoretical and statistical models. To address this concern, this article introduces partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as a suitable means for estimating nonlinear e...
Article
The use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has been gaining momentum in family business research. Since the publication of a PLS-SEM guidelines article in the Journal of Family Business Strategy’s special issue on “Innovative and Established Research Methods in Family Business” in 2014, methodological research has devel...
Chapter
Full-text available
*** This is an updated version of the 2017 chapter in the same edited volume *** Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has become a popular method for estimating path models with latent variables and their relationships. A common goal of PLS-SEM analyses is to identify key success factors and sources of competitive advantage...
Book
Este libro ha sido concebido como una ampliación del Manual de Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (segunda edición) (2019). El manual está diseñado como un guía práctica de fácil manejo para abordar los siguientes contenidos avanzados de PLS-SEM: • Modelos de componentes jerárquicos o de orden superior • Modelización, esti...
Article
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Our article explores an underused mathematical analytical methodology in the social sciences. In addition to describing the method and its advantages, we extend a previously reported application of mixed models in a well-known database about corruption in 149 countries. The dataset in the mentioned study included a reasonable amount of zeros (13.19...
Article
The once popular concept of the "alcoholic personality" has recently been called to question. The purpose of this study was to attempt to discover wheter quantitative support could be given to a hypothesis of multiple alcohol types. The 16PF profiles of alcoholics were submitted to cluster analysis and multiple discriminate analysis (MDA), respecti...
Article
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Management researchers often develop theories and policies that are forward-looking. The prospective outlook of predictive modeling, where a model predicts unseen or new data, can complement the retrospective nature of causal-explanatory modeling that dominates the field. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling is an excellent tool for building t...
Chapter
Full-text available
Structural equation modeling is a multivariate data analysis method for analyzing complex relationships among constructs and indicators. To estimate structural equation models, researchers generally draw on two methods: covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) and partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM). Whereas CB-SEM is primarily used to confirm theories, PLS r...
Article
Most project management research focuses almost exclusively on explanatory analyses. Evaluation of the explanatory power of statistical models is generally based on F-type statistics and the R2 metric, followed by an assessment of the model parameters (e.g., beta coefficients) in terms of their significance, size and direction. However, these measu...
Book
Questo manuale, versione italiana del bestseller A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, presenta con un linguaggio accessibile e con un approccio orientato alla pratica il metodo noto come Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), o modelli di equazioni strutturali basati sui minimi quadrati parziali. Qu...
Article
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The emergence of digital data and the methods used to analyze them are revolutionizing marketing research. The vast quantity of data offers marketing researchers countless opportunities to better predict and potentially explain consumer behavior. Yet, as we will argue in this paper, marketing researchers should not prematurely abandon cognitive and...
Article
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Mediation and conditional process analyses have become popular approaches for examining the mechanisms by which effects operate and the factors that influence them. To estimate mediation models, researchers often augment their structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses with additional regression analyses using the PROCESS macro. This duality is su...
Article
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has historically been used to develop and improve reflectively measured constructs based on the domain sampling model. Compared to CFA, confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) is a recently proposed alternative approach applied to confirm measurement models when using partial least squares structural equation modeli...
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This research examines the relationship between intra-organization social capital, entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and firm performance. Using SmartPLS software, we examine data from a broad cross-section of 241 U.S. small businesses. Our results show EO and social capital are both important influences on firm performance, and the relationship is...
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Purpose This paper aims to present the fundamental aspects for the development and validation (D&V) of attitudes’ measurement scale, as well as its practical aspects that are not deeply explored in books and manuals. These aspects are the results of a long experience of the authors and arduous learning with errors and mistakes. Design/methodology/...
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss multilevel modeling for longitudinal data, clarifying the circumstances in which they can be used. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate three-level models with repeated measures, offering conditions for their correct interpretation. Findings From the concepts and techniques presented, the authors can...
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The aim of the present study was to translate and validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale for Portuguese exercisers. In addition, we sought to analyze gender invariance. We collected data from two independent samples of Portuguese respondents – a calibration sample with 316 participants and a validation sample with...
Article
Purpose Partial least squares (PLS) has been introduced as a “causal-predictive” approach to structural equation modeling (SEM), designed to overcome the apparent dichotomy between explanation and prediction. However, while researchers using PLS-SEM routinely stress the predictive nature of their analyses, model evaluation assessment relies exclusi...
Article
Full-text available
Higher-order constructs, which facilitate modeling a construct on a more abstract higher-level dimension and its more concrete lower-order subdimensions, have become an increasingly visible trend in applications of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Unfortunately, researchers frequently confuse the specification, estimati...