Joseph O Fadare

Ekiti State University | EKITI · Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a significant global mortality burden which particularly affects the low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Enhancing diagnostics to identify drug‐resistant infections and improving appropriate access to novel Reserve antibiotics in LMICs can address AMR‐related morbidity, mortality and healthca...

Background: Intentional self-poisoning (Deliberate self-poisoning) is fast becoming a major public health problem, especially among adolescents. The period of adolescence is tumultuous for some adolescents. This study describes the socio-demographic profile of adolescents managed for intentional self-poisoning at the Paediatric Unit of Ekiti State...

Objectives Health hazards such as adverse drug reactions and prolonged morbidity are fallouts of self-medication among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, practice, determinants, and adverse effects of self-medication among young people living in a suburban community of Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods Th...

Background: Regular, high-intensity, and prolonged physical activity causes clinical, electrical, morphological, and functional alterations in the cardiovascular system. This circulatory alterations observed in athlete heart are particularly important in black athletes as data has shown that they are more likely to experience sudden cardiac death....

Anxiety disorder is mental disease that is characterised by feeling of worry or fear that interferes with daily activity. The folkloric use of Vigna unguiculata spp dekindtiana has been reported in the management of neurological diseases such as epilepsy and anxiety. Although orthodox drugs are available for this disorder, medicinal plants have bee...

Cardiovascular disease is a major global burden and a leading cause of premature death among patients with severe mental illness. Over time, research and clinical practice have paid increased attention to the impact of psychiatric medications on cardiac repolarization. In a resource-limited setting, it is common for psychotropic medications to be i...

Background: The safety of the COVID-19 vaccines has been a topic of concern globally. This issue of safety is associated with vaccine hesitancy due to concerns about the adverse effects of the vaccines. Consequently, this study determined the short-term safety profile of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: D...

Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted classroom-based learning, necessitating the adoption of online learning in most universities. However, there has been a lack of information on university students’ perspectives regarding online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assessed the perspectives, satisfact...

Background: Cystic kidney disease is a group of disorders that are characterized by the formation of cysts in the kidneys.It is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the pattern and clinical characteristics of patients with cystic kidney disease who presented at a tertiary hospital in S...

Introduction Mother-to-child transmission remains an important mode of transmission of hepatitis B infection particularly in endemic areas. The knowledge and practices of pregnant women about mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) may influence the uptake of strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission of infection. Ob...

Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inap-propriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently...

Introduction: The clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can vary widely, and while the primary infection involves the respiratory system, other organs can also be affected. This study presents the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in Ado Ekiti, South-West Nig...

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern. Currently, the greatest mortality due to AMR is in Africa. A key driver continues to be high levels of dispensing of antibiotics without a prescription. Areas covered: A need to document current rates of dispensing, their rationale and potential ways forward including antimicrobia...

Adolescents and youths are a key part of the population that needs to be protected against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is because they are more likely to spread the virus to vulnerable individuals. In view of these concerns, this study investigated the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors among adolescents and youths...

The uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to address the severe consequences of the disease. Previous studies have suggested that many healthcare workers (HCWs) are hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, further enhancing hesitancy rates within countries. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy levels are currently unknown among HCWs in Zamb...

In total, 33 PPS studies ranging from single up to 18 hospitals were documented from a narrative review with typically over 50% of in-patients prescribed antimicrobials, up to 97.6% in Nigeria. The penicillins, ceftriaxone and metronidazole, were the most prescribed antibiotics. Appreciable extended prescribing of antibiotics up to 6 days or more p...

Visual impairment has been reported as one of the leading causes of physical impairment among older adults. Age related visual loss has been found to be associated with increased risk of depression. Affective support which usually come from family has been found to have positive impact on mental health. This descriptive study was carried out to det...

Highlights: Anxiety is an important morbidity among visually impaired older adults. There is potential for stakeholders to specifically channel their interventions towards particular IVI domains in order to reduce anxiety prevalence. Abstract: Visual impairment is a significant morbidity among adults globally. It has negative impacts on work fo...

Introduction: Infection prevention and control remains very key to safety in healthcare settings and community. The use of personal protective equipment is now more relevant especially with the advent of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and technique of wearing facemask among healthcare workers at Eki...

The COVID-19 pandemic presents a serious public health challenge in all countries. However, repercussions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on future global health are still being investigated, including the pandemic’s potential effect on the emergence and spread of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Cri...

Aim This study aimed to assess the awareness and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors among pharmacy students in Zambia. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 326 undergraduate pharmacy students in Lusaka, Zambia, from February to April 2021. Data were analysed using Stata version 16.1. Multivariable log...

There are serious concerns with rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across countries increasing morbidity, mortality and costs. These concerns have resulted in a plethora of initiatives globally and nationally including national action plans (NAPs) to reduce AMR. Africa is no exception, especially with the highest rates of AMR globally. Key activ...

In total, 33 PPS studies ranging from single up to 18 hospitals were documented from a narrative review with typically over 50% of in-patients prescribed antimicrobials, up to 97.6% in Nigeria. The penicillins, ceftriaxone and metronidazole, were the most prescribed antibiotics. Appreciable extended prescribing of antibiotics up to 6 days or more p...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the closure of schools to slow the spread of the virus across populations, and the administration of vaccines to protect people from severe disease, including school children and adolescents. In Zambia, there is currently little information on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among sch...

The growing prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) needs to be carefully managed to relieve the symptoms and prevent complications. Complications of GERD can include erosive esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are typically first-line treatment for GERD alongside lifestyle...

The ageing global population has necessitated adequate preparation for the healthcare needs of older adults. Nurses are front line staff in the health sector and are expected to a play major role in the care of the older adults. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. Questionnaire was administered to 84 respondents who were final year stude...

Aim This study aimed to assess the awareness and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors among pharmacy students in Zambia. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 326 undergraduate pharmacy students in Lusaka, Zambia, from February to 25 April 2021. Data were analysed using Stata version 16.1. Multivariable...

Introduction: In many low and middle-income countries (LMIC), drug promotional literature (DPL) remains one of the main sources of drug information for physicians. Studies conducted in many LMICs showed poor compliance to the WHO guidelines for ethical drug promotion especially in the area of information about excipients, adverse drug reactions, dr...

The introduction of effective vaccines in December 2020 marked a significant step forward in the global response to COVID-19. Given concerns with access, acceptability, and hesitancy across Africa, there is a need to describe the current status of vaccine uptake in the continent. An exploratory study was undertaken to investigate these aspects, cur...

In this review, the ethical issues peculiar to the COVID-19 pandemics and the role of healthcare workers, especially those in resource-limited settings are x-rayed. We contend that there is a pressing ethical issue that needs urgent clarification on the rights and responsibilities of healthcare workers, especially in the current context of COVID-19...

Globally, the inappropriate dispensing and use of antibiotics in animals has contributed to the development of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In Zambia, there is insufficient information among community pharmacy professionals on antibiotic use (ABU) and AMR in food-producing animals. This study assessed community pharmacy professionals’...

Introduction: the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has negatively impacted the mental health of students across the globe. In Zambia, little is known about the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare students. This study assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on health professions students at the University of Zambia. Methods: thi...

Introduction: : Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern as this increases morbidity, mortality and costs, with sub-Saharan Africa having the highest rates globally. Concerns with rising AMR have resulted in international, Pan-African and country activities including the development of national action plans (NAPs). However, there is variable im...

Background One in 10 of all antibiotic prescriptions globally are for dental conditions with 80% of them being inappropriate, making it a potential driver of antimicrobial resistance. Objectives To evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic use among ambulatory patients seeking dental care services in a public hospital in Ghana. Methods A retrosp...

Background: Multiple measures introduced early to restrict COVID-19 have dramatically impacted the teaching of medical and pharmacy students, exacerbated by the lack of infrastructure and experience with e-learning at the start of the pandemic. In addition, the costs and reliability of the Internet across Africa pose challenges alongside undertakin...

Background: COVID-19 pandemic caused unexpected socio-economic changes globally. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with perceived stress among essential workers during the COVID-19 lockdown in Ekiti State, Nigeria.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study that involved 588 essential workers in Ekiti State, Nigeria during...

The increasing use of lower-cost multiple sourced medicines (generics) and biosimilars are essential to attain or retain universal healthcare in the face of continual pressure on available resources. Alongside this, reduce patient co-payments and enhance access to medicines in countries with high co-payments where affordability is an issue. Supply-...

Background: Knowledge of the profile of pediatric discharge against medical advice (DAMA) may help design interventions to reduce its prevalence. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the profile of pediatric DAMA at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional desc...

Introduction: metabolic syndrome portends an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death. Evidence showed that healthcare workers are at higher risk of cardiovascular events because of their engagement in night-shift work. Therefore, this study determined the association between metabolic syndrome and healthcare work status in Ekiti State, N...

Aim: Global expenditure on medicines is rising up to 6% per year driven by increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and new premium priced medicines for cancer, orphan diseases and other complex areas. This is dif cult to sustain without reforms. Methods: Extensive narrative review of published papers and contextualizing the ndings...

Background: Several vaccines have been developed and administered since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020. In April 2021, the authorities in Zambia administered the first doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca® COVID-19 vaccine. However, little is known about the awareness and acceptability of the vaccines among the...

Introduction The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to public health. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a global action plan to tackle AMR in World Health Assembly. Pakistan’s national action plan (NAP) for AMR was released in May 2017 by the Ministry of National Health Services. Based on the NA...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease of global health importance. It is a metabolic disorder caused by increased levels of blood glucose over a prolonged period of time. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Several studies have also revealed that diabetes mellitus hampers...

The COVID-19 pandemic presents a serious public health challenge in all countries. However, repercussions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on future global health are still being investigated, including the pandemic’s potential effect on the emergence and spread of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Cri...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Fever is a common complaint among children presenting in healthcare facilities worldwide, and its timely treatment can reduce the severity and consequences of childhood febrile diseases. This study set out to investigate the pre-hospital treatment of childhood fever in a semi-urban town in South-west Nigeria. The main objective...

Introduction: The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is rising worldwide with a projected increase of more than 50% in next three decades. Family History of Diabetes (FHD) is a recognised risk factor for DM, but development of DM in relatives of people with the disease, who carry susceptible genes, is dependent on interaction with other factors s...

Background: Few studies exist on physicians' opinions, attitudes, familiarity and practice behaviour regarding clinical practice guidelines in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: To determine the opinions, familiarity, and practice behaviour regarding clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and factors associated with their use among internists and family...

Background: The use of drugs with anticholinergic effects among elderly patients is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. There is paucity of information about anticholinergic drug burden among Nigerian elderly population. Objectives: To determine the anticholinergic drug burden among elderly Nigerian patients. Methods: This was a retrospectiv...

Introduction: Teething is a physiologic process that begins during infancy. However, some mothers often attribute certain symptoms to teething. In this study, we assessed the opinions and practices of mothers attending a tertiary health facility in Nigeria on teething. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted among caregiver...

Background Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Hence, awareness of cardiovascular risk factors is an essential step towards effective reduction of the disease burden. This study determined the knowledge and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Staff of Ekiti State University. Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Metho...

Background: Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a product of triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose, is a novel tool that can identify people with metabolic syndrome (MS). It is unknown if TyG index can identify MS among Nigerians. Methods: Cross-sectional health screening conducted between August and December 2018, among staff and students of Ekit...

Introduction: We assessed the knowledge of, attitude towards antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and practice of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) among physicians in Nigeria to provide future guidance to the Nigerian National Action Plan for AMR. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study explored the physicians' self-reported pr...

Background Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constitute a significant global healthcare challenge associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs; however, there are concerns that ADRs are grossly under-reported by different categories of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in many countries. The main objective of this study was to asse...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has already claimed considerable lives. There are major concerns in Africa due to existing high prevalence rates for both infectious and non-infectious diseases and limited resources in terms of personnel, beds and equipment. Alongside this, concerns that lockdown and other measures will have on prevention and manag...

Introduction: mobile phone technology is increasingly used to overcome traditional barriers to limiting access to diabetes care. This study evaluated mobile phone ownership and willingness to receive and pay for mobile phone-based diabetic services among people with diabetes in South-West, Nigeria. Methods: two hundred and fifty nine patients wi...

Objective One of the core principles of rational prescribing is consideration of the cost of the medicines prescribed, especially in countries with high patient copayments and low incomes such as Nigeria. Little is known about Nigerian physicians’ knowledge about the cost of commonly prescribed medicines. The principal objective of the study was to...

Purpose The International Society of Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) in collaboration with the Latin America Drug Utilization Research Group (LatAm DURG), the Medicines Utilization Research in Africa (MURIA) group, and the Uppsala Monitoring Center, is leading an initiative to understand challenges to drug utilization research (DUR) in the Latin Americ...

Hospital admission is a reflection of prevailing disease pattern in an environment, impact of services rendered in the outpatient department and preventative healthcare services in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and trend of endocrine related admissions at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti. This...

Background: Diarrhoea diseases remain a major contributor to infant and under-five morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Administration of the rotavirus vaccine is one of the effective measures to prevent acute and severe forms of diarrhoea in children. Rotavirus vaccine is yet to be fully incorporated into the National Pro...

Introduction: There are positive aspects regarding the prescribing of fixed dose combinations (FDCs) versus prescribing the medicines separately. However, these have to be balanced against concerns including increased costs and their irrationality in some cases. Consequently, there is a need to review their value among lower- and middle-income coun...

Introduction: There are positive aspects regarding the prescribing of fixed dose combinations (FDCs) versus prescribing the medicines separately. However, these have to be balanced against concerns including increased costs and their irrationality in some cases. Consequently, there is a need to review their value among lower- and middle-income coun...

Background There has been an appreciable increase in the number of people in Africa with metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in recent years as a result of a number of factors. Factors include lifestyle changes, urbanisation, and the growing consumption of processed foods coupled with increasing levels of obesity. Currently there are 19 m...

Background: Currently about 19 million people in Africa are known to be living with diabetes, mainly Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (95%), estimated to grow to 47 million people by 2045. However, there are concerns with early diagnosis of patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) as often patients present late with complications. There are also challenges with...

Introduction: Antibiotics are indispensable to maintaining human health; however, their overuse has resulted in resistant organisms, increasing morbidity, mortality and costs. Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat, resulting in multiple campaigns across countries to improve appropriate antimicrobial use. This inc...