Joseph DavidovitsGeopolymer Institute, Saint-Quentin France
Joseph Davidovits
Professor
Emeritus Professor, working presently on Geopolymer science applied to archaeology and Lunar-Martian habitats.
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Introduction
Joseph Davidovits is known by the scientific community for being the inventor of geopolymer science. The general public recognizes his works on archaeological science and his discoveries regarding building with artificial geopolymer stones in the Egyptian pyramids as well as more recently in pre-Columbian monuments of the Altiplano (Bolivia, Tiwanaku-Pumapunku). He currently works at Institut Géopolymère / Geopolymer Institute, France, Saint-Quentin, www.geopolymer.org , or, www.davidovits.info. He does research in Geochemistry. His current projects are 'Our new projects for 2019 and beyond' ,"Geopolymer Science applied to archaeology", "Geopolymer cement and concrete", "Geopolymer for Toxic Waste Management" and updating his standard book "Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications".
Skills and Expertise
Publications
Publications (99)
Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences (BRIEFSEARTH). This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. About this book This book presents the study on Ancient Geopolymers in South America and Easter Island regions, exploring the arti=cial nature of the volcanic rocks used in the construction o...
“And in this new world of the Indies, where no letters have been found, we remain ignorant about many things.” These were the words of Cieza de León, a prominent Spanish chronicler, in 1553, as expressed in his Chronicle of Peru, which I discussed in Chap. 4. Throughout my research, I have consistently adopted a comprehensive approach, integrating...
The 1973 UNESCO analytical report—Fossilised microorganisms and bacteria contained in the statues—Volcanic tuff sand found at the base of the Ahus. When the Polynesians arrived on the island around AD 1200, they encountered a population that had been creating geopolymer statues representing the life-giving world. The Polynesians initially construct...
The enigmatic statues of the Rano Raraku volcano—The Mapuche people and the Chemamülles of Chile—Could the statues of the volcano be Chemamülles made of stone?—The signature of chemical pollution—The statues of the volcano are indeed Chemamülles made of stone.
The Vinapu wall made of volcanic rock—Who are these “Exiles from Tiwanaku”?—The places of exile between AD 800–900—Exiled in Arica—Why do they go to sea? An order from the sun god?—What was the island like between AD 800–900? The millions of Chilean palm trees!
Some traces in North America—Why guano?—Archaeological documents—The Guano samples from the Punta Coles reserve in Ilo—Analysing the Guano from Ilo.
Samples of red sandstone—Grey andesite samples—Scientific analyses of red sandstone—Scientific analysis of grey andesite—General conclusion of the scientific analysis—The publication of scientific articles.
There has been no published study by Ponce Sangines?—The “piedras cansadas,” the tired stones —The andesite volcanic sand found in Iwawe—Carbunculus and the gas pipes: the volcanic sand in ancient Roman mortar—Who transported the piedras cansadas and when?
Ponce Sangines’ geological report—Looking for other potential sites—Visit to geological site No. 1: Kaliri/Quebrada de Kausani—Visit to geological site No. 2: Cerro Amarillani—Visit to geological site No. 3: Kallamarka—Why is Kallamarka such a special place?—First conclusions on the geological study of the red sandstone.
The first visit to the archaeological sites: Pumapunku/Tiwanaku—The team heads to Pumapunku—The Four Megalithic Red Sandstone Terraces—Geometric sculptures in the grey “andesite volcanic rock”—Tiwanaku—The Puerta del Sol (Sun Gate)—Summary of the first visit to Pumapunku/Tiwanaku.
Let us return to the situation in 1550, according to Cieza de León—The high-tech ceramic apogee at Tiwanaku used as a dating method—The rise of the water level of Lake Titicaca at the origin of the brilliant civilization of Tiwanaku—The technological revolution in hand with a period of peace.
On November 5, 2017, Ralph arrived at Arequipa airport, where he was greeted by Luis Huaman, the young geologist who would be joining us on this expedition, along with Luis’ brother Fredy Huaman, who is also a geologist and a professor at the Universidad Católica San Pablo (UCSP). After exchanging pleasantries and introductions, they proceeded to d...
Why did we choose Pumapunku/Tiwanaku and not Cuzco and Sacsayhuaman?—We set up our exploration team—Why not choose the Sacsayhuaman Fortress in Peru?—The scientific study of the Pumapunku red sandstone—Another alternative in Peru?
Why did we have to wait 40 years?—The 1979 Congress of Egyptologists—My Meeting with Francisco Aliaga—The New York Congress in 1981—Back home, the research continues—The Congress in Bradford, England, U.K. in 1982—Waking up in 2016: Ralph’s visit to Easter Island—Early travelers describe statues made of artificial stone.
In my annual Geopolymer Camp keynote address, "State of the Geopolymer R&D 2024", I discussed the evolution of geopolymer research, highlighting recent developments in polysialate-based and alumoxy-based ALOX geopolymerisation. I explained the detailed chemical mechanisms and structural formations from primary to quaternary levels and the discovery...
Invitation to 16th Geopolymer Camp 2024. SPECIAL TOPICS OF INTEREST:
– Tutorial Workshop (short courses) for Newcomers, on Monday July 8th; – Tuesday July 9th and Wednesday July 10th, Focused Sessions :
1- 3D printing: Geopolymer inks and Additive manufacturing.
2- Geopolymer solutions for Lunar / Martian habitats.
3- Archaeo-chemistry vs Geopolyme...
During our laboratory's study and research into 3D printing of ceramic-like geopolymers, we have discovered a series of new commercial metakaolins with very high mechanical strengths. This was achieved without any special additives or the incorporation of fibres. The flexural strength in the scientific literature is usually around 10 MPa. In our ge...
It is a review on what happened in 2021 and the first semester of 2022 on geopolymer science and applications. In this keynote, I developed following topics: 1) Geopolymer Science: - 5th edition of the book Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications - Polymeric character of geopolymers - Use of the Geopolymer Micelle model structure in 3D printing addit...
Paru dans Les Techniques de l'INGÉNIEUR le 1 octobre 2014. Cet article présente les ciments géopolymères obtenus avec différentes matières premières aluminosilicates et silicates alcalins solubles de rapport molaire SiO2 /M2O = 1,45 à 1,95. Les matières premières aluminosilicates employées sont des mélanges de laitier de haut-fourneau et argile cal...
The international energy crisis should speed up industrial development of electrically-conductive Geopolymers in large-scale Microbial Fuel Cells technologies for sustainable electricity generation. Currently, Microbial Fuel Cells are recognized as one of the most promising technologies for sustainable energy generation from a variety of waste wate...
Este es un libro de divulgación científica sobre el descubrimiento, en 2017-2018, del uso de las tecnologías de la piedra geopolimérica implementadas en Tiahuanaco (Pumapunku/Tiwanaku) (600-800 d.C.), Bolivia, y sus posibles consecuencias en la construcción de los monumentos y estatuas de la Isla de Pascua.
Para mayor información, consulte los dis...
Science popularization book on the discovery in 2017-2018 of the use of the Geopolymer stone technologies implemented at Tiahuanaco (Pumapunku/Tiwanaku) (600-800 AD), Bolivia, and its possible consequences on the monuments and statues of Easter Island. See the several papers in Research Gate published in August - September 2019 and December 2020....
Livre de vulgarisation scientifique sur la Découverte en 2017-2018 de l’emploi des technologies des pierres Géopolymères mises en œuvre à Tiahuanaco (Pumapunku/Tiwanaku) (600-800 apr. J-C.), Bolivie, et ses conséquences possibles sur les monuments et statues de l’Ile de Pâques. Voir les différents articles dans Research Gate publiés en Août - Septe...
The studies carried out in 2015-2018 on the monumental stones constituting the Pumapunku site in Bolivia (South America) provide evidence that the stones are ancient artificial geopolymers. The two types of lithics under consideration are large platforms and ‘sculptures’ exhibiting characteristics that would have been extremely difficult, if not im...
How to cite this paper: J. Davidovits and F. Davidovits, Geopolymer and Archaeology (2020) 36-43. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10021.93929/1. The studies carried out in 2017-2018 on the monumental stones constituting the Pumapunku site in Bolivia (South America) provided evidence that the stones are ancient artificial geopolymers (Parts I to III). To make...
The Geopolymer Camp 2020 was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic. However, we have just recorded Professor J. Davidovits' annual keynote. This keynote is a review on what happened in 2019 and the first semester of 2020 on geopolymer science and applications.
Hundreds of thousands of people have read articles and seen videos on the internet dealing with the pyramids of Egypt having been constructed from geopolymer concrete. The arguments of the opponents are always based on the same papers written by American geologists, published 15 to 30 years ago. These publications are draped in scientific impartial...
Hundreds of thousands of people have read articles and seen videos on the internet dealing with the pyramids of Egypt having been constructed from geopolymer concrete. The arguments of the opponents are always based on the same papers written by American geologists, published 15 to 30 years ago. These three publications are draped in scientific imp...
A continent is on fire. Both Australia and California have never experienced such an inferno. More and more citizens are blaming the climate change (that is CO2 emissions) responsible for this. But the governments of Australia, along with the U.S., Russia, Brazil, China, India, Poland, South Africa and also Germany - where coal mining and coal-powe...
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25792.89608
The implementation in the mass production of geopolymeric cements in the world can no longer be based on coal-fly ashes for different reasons. In addition, Global Warming concerns will inevitably stop the manufacture of this ultimate waste of coal burning, fly ash. Rock-based geopolymer cements are the solution. Yet...
This is the exact transcript in English of the conference held at the Geopolymer Camp 2018, in the Session: Ancient Technologies, Tuesday, July 10, 2018, titled: “Joint Research Program Conducted by the Geopolymer Institute and Universidad Catolica San Pablo, Arequipa, Peru, First Scientific Results on Tiahuanaco / Pumapunku Megalithic Monuments (T...
Le texte original est en anglais. Ceci est la traduction en français. Nous avons découverts que les monuments de Tiahuanaco / Tiwanaku en Bolivie sont en pierres artificielles créées il y a 1400 ans. Une équipe internationale de scientifiques de Universidad Catolica San Pablo, Arequipa, Peru et Geopolymer Institute, Saint-Quentin, France ont publié...
Científicos descubren que monumentos de Tiwanaku en Bolivia están hechos de rocas artificiales creadas hace 1400 años.
Un equipo internacional de científicos del Institut Geopolymere (Geopolymer Institute), Saint-Quentín, Francia, y de la Universidad Católica San pablo, Arequipa, Perú, publicaron los resultados de un estudio llevado a cabo en roca...
For publication in the Geopolymer Institute Library, Technical Paper #26-MK-testing.
ABSTRACT
The majority of the technical and scientific information pertaining to commercial calcined kaolinitic clays of the type metakaolins (MK) are currently focusing on the pozzolanic reactivity and replacement of Portland cement. It is not adapted for geopolym...
A recent study has shown the presence of artificial construction materials in pre-Columbian monuments at Pumapunku-Tiwanaku, Bolivia. In addition to ancient geopolymer sandstone- concrete megalithic slabs, the Pumapunku site contains puzzling “H” structures made of andesitic volcanic stone. The SEM study of this gray andesite shows the presence of...
Script of the Video series available at the Geopolymer Institute, https://www.geopolymer.org/faq/alkali-activated-materials-geopolymers/ and on YouTube).
Many scientists and civil engineers are mistaking alkali activation for geopolymers, fueling confusion, using them as synonyms without understanding what they really are.
To sum up: Alkali-Activ...
The make-up of the sandstone megalithic blocks, weighing between 130 and 180 tonnes each, from Pumapunku -Tiwanaku, Bolivia, was compared with three geological sandstone sites from the area. The SEM/EDS, XRD and thin section results suggest that the sandstone megalithic blocks consist of sandstone grains from the Kalla-Marka geological site, cement...
Much of the original research into geopolymers was conducted on calcined kaolinitic clay precursors known as metakaolins. The chemical formula for kaolinite is Si2O5Al2(OH)4. From a geopolymer standpoint we may write oSi-O-Al-(OH)2 with the covalent aluminum hydroxyl - Al- (OH)2 side groups of the poly(siloxo) hexagonal macromolecule [Si2O5]n. Meta...
Les Chapitres 4 et 5 décrivent les différentes analyses scientifiques qui furent entreprises depuis 1984 dans le but de démontrer la nature artificielle (calcaire reconstitué géopolymère) des pierres des pyramides de Gizeh. En 1984, publication dans Science in Egyptology: Analyses chimiques aux rayons X et diffraction aux rayons X des pierres de re...
Geopolymers are ceramic-like inorganic polymers produced at low temperature, generally below 100 °C. They consist of chains or networks of mineral molecules linked with covalent bonds. The raw materials are mainly minerals of geological origin, hence the name "geopolymer". They comprise several molecular units for example: silico-oxide (Na, K)-(-Si...
At the 9th International Congress of Egyptologists, Grenoble, 2004, we presented a paper entitled: Why Djoser's blue Egyptian faience tiles are not blue? Manufacturing Djoser's faience tiles at temperatures as low as 250°C. In the present study, we examine 11 faience tiles pertaining to a private collection of 104 tiles dating from the 2nd and 3rd...
The majority of published Environmental Impact LCA studies are dealing with alkali-activated materials not with Geopolymer Cement/concretes. They ignore the evolution of the formulations for geopolymer cement since its invention in 1983-85 (see Table 1), simply because it pertains to the industrial and commercial implementation, not to "regular" sc...
1. Introduction
2. Portland cement chemistry vs Geopolymer cement chemistry
2.1 Alkali-activated materials vs Geopolymer cements.
2.2 User-friendly alkaline-reagents
3. Geopolymer cement categories
3.1 Slag-based geopolymer cement
3.2 Rock-based geopolymer cement
3.3 Fly ash-based geopolymer cements
3.4 Ferro-sialate-based geopolymer cement
4. CO2...
We present the differences that occur in the chemical mechanism of "alkali-activated slag" and slag-based geopolymer. The negative aspects of alkali-activation are essentially due to corrosive mixture conditions, coined "user-hostile" when compared with the mild milieu that governs geopolymerisation, coined "user-friendly". Ca-based geopolymer with...
In this book, Professor Joseph Davidovits explains the intriguing theory that made him famous. He shows how the Pyramids were built by using re-agglomerated stone (a natural limestone treated like a concrete), and not with huge carved blocks, hauled on fragile ramps. Archaeology bears him out, as well as hieroglyphic texts, scientific analysis, rel...
This study deals with the use of fly ash as a starting material for geopolymeric matrices. The leachable concentrations of geopolymers were compared with those of the starting fly ash to evaluate the retention of potentially harmful elements within the geopolymer matrix. Geopolymer matrices give rise to a leaching scenario characterised by a highly...
All chapters of the previous editions have been updated. YET, THIS 5th EDITION ADDS TWO NEW CHAPTERS: "Ferro-sialate Geopolymers" and "How to quantify and develop geopolymer formulas". This last new chapter details how to select raw materials, how to calculate a formula, and a description of the process method for optimal results, all in a very pra...
How familiar were the pre-Homeric Greeks with Egyptian technology? Accounts of apparent mythological nature and archaeological evidence indicate cultural contacts. To what extent did Greek craftsmen learn their art from Egyptians? At excavations in Djoser's pyramid (3rd dynasty, ca. 2750 BC) some 36000 glazed tiles were found, most with a turqoise-...
How familiar were the pre-Homeric Greeks with Egyptian technology? Accounts of apparent mythological nature and archaeological evidence indicate cultural contacts. To what extent did Greek craftsmen learn their art from Egyptians? At excavations in Djoser’s pyramid (3rd dynasty, ca. 2750 BC) some 36000 glazed tiles were found, most with a turqoise-...
In the field of biomaterials applied in bony restoration, systems based on amorphous silicate network present the ability
to link to bone matrix. Amorphous geopolymers of the potassium-poly(sialate)-nanopolymer type with a mole ratio Si:Al=31
were studied for their use as potential biomaterials. This implied a heat treatment at 500°C in order to re...
Geopolymer Resins and Geopolymer Cements are new advanced mineral binders. In both cases, resins/binders and cements, the same green chemistry is used: geopolymerization. In industrialized countries, for geopolymer applications, emphasis was put on fire and heat resistance, and also in radioactive and toxic-waste management, yielding sophisticated...
30,000 blue faience tiles were found in Djoser's funerary complex at Saqqarah (3. dynasty). It is generally assumed that the tiles underwent a self-glazing process during firing in the range of 800-850°C (C. Kieffer and A. Allibert, 1971) or by dipping in a liquid glaze (S. Schiegel, 1988). SEM microanalysis shows the presence of phosphorus in the...
C'est le deuxième ouvrage de l'auteur sur les pyramides. Ici, il traite le sujet de manière plus directe que dans son premier livre. Et cette fois, l'auteur explique tout. Pourquoi les géologues n'ont rien vu, pourquoi les égyptologues ont peur, pourquoi les autres théories sont de la fumisterie, car elles ne respectent même pas le contexte archéol...
The GEOCISTEM project was focussed to look for an inexpensive natural glassy alkaline substitute of chemical reagents used in a trade registered cement. A complete survey for european resources made up for fragmentary (pyroclastic) alkali-rich glassy volcanic rocks (Na2O+K2O > 10 %, K>>Na) was done in several european volcanic regions (in Italy, Gr...
AN EQUIVALENT FULL-TEXT IS AVAILABLE AND TITLED: Desarrollo de un cemento de base silicatada a partir de rocas volcánicas vítreas alcalinas: interpretación de los resultados preindustriales basada en la composición químico-mineralógica de los precursores geológicos. BY MARINI & al. POSTED APRIL 2003. The GEOCISTEM project was focussed to look for a...
The theory has many supporters around the world, but there are still opponents criticizing and repeating the same arguments. These arguments are based on studies carried out on false (or fraudulent) pyramid samples (see the point No 5). This page is here to help supporters counter critics.First, you find below a list of the main opposing ideas, opi...
The presentation included 30 slides describing following geopolymer applications developed from 1972 to 2002 in France, Europe and USA. The Geopolymer chemistry concept was invented in 1979 with the creation of a non-for profit scientific organization, the Institut de Recherche sur les Géopolymères (Geopolymer Institute).
1. Fire resistant wood pan...
Environmentally driven geopolymer applications are based on the implementation of (K,Ca)-Poly(sialate-siloxo) / (K,Ca)-Poly(sialate-disiloxo) cements. In industrialized countries (Western countries) emphasis is put on toxic waste (heavy metals) and radioactive waste safe containment. On the opposite, in emerging countries, the applications relate t...
Portland cement based concrete explodes above 300 deg.C, causing the collapse of tunnel concrete vaults, and it devastating consequences by preventing the access of rescue teams to the site: see fire in the Channel Tunnel, Mont-Blanc Tunnel, France (March 1999), Tauern Tunnel, Austria (May 29, 1999).
(Na,Ca)-Poly(sialate) and (K,Ca) Poly(sialate-si...
Regular geopolymeric advanced binders produced at laboratory scale are too expensive for mass application. They comprise three ingredients namely: expensive sodium or potassium silicate, calcined kaolinite clay (KANDOXI) , and cheap blast furnace slag. The chemical reaction
2(Si2O5,Al2O2)+K2(H3SiO4)2+Ca(H3SiO4)2 ⇒ (K2O,CaO)(8SiO2,2Al2O3,nH2O) (a) y...
The fire response of a potassium aluminosilicate (Geopolymer) matrix carbon fiber composite was measured and the results compared to organic matrix composites being used for transportation, military, and infrastructure applica- tions. At irradiance levels of 50 kW m~2 typical of the heat flux in a well-developed fire, glass- or carbon-reinforced po...
The fire response of a potassium aluminosilicate matrix (geopolymer) carbon fiber composite was measured and the results compared to organic matrix composites being used for infrastructure and transportation applications. At irradiance levels of 50 kW/sq m, typical of the heat flux in a well developed fire, glass- or carbon-reinforced polyester, vi...
The fundamental objective in the management of nuclear and uranium radioactive waste is to protect current and future generations from unacceptable exposures to radiation from man-made materials. This goal can be achieved by the use of one or more containment barriers to surround and isolate the wastes. The engineered concrete containment must be d...
Geopolymer cement, high-alkali (K-Ca)-Poly(sialate-siloxo) cement, results from an inorganic polycondensation reaction, a so-called geopolymerisation yielding three dimensional zeolitic frameworks. High-tech Geopolymer K-Poly(sialate-siloxo) binders, whether used pure, with fillers or reinforced, are already finding applications in all fields of in...
CO[sub 2] related energy taxes are focusing essentially on fuel consumption, not on actual CO[sub 2] emission measured at the chimneys. Ordinary Portland cement, used in the aggregates and industries, results from the calcination of limestone and silica. The production of 1 ton of cement directly generates 0.55 tons of chemical-CO[sub 2] and requir...
NASTS award 1994
Published in J. Materials Education Vol.16 (2&3), pp 91-139 (1994)
Text of the Gold Ribbon Award paper presented on September 26, 1994 at the National Press Club, Washington, DC, USA, for the most significant real advances in materials research.
The NASTS award for the "Development of Very Early High Strength Cement" went to Jos...
THIS ARTICLE WAS WRONGLY DATED OF JAN 1994 BY RESEARCH GATE COMPUTER. IT IS A REPLICA OF THE ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN 1991 WITH THE SAME TITLE. YOU GET THE ABSTRACT AND FULL-TEXT THERE.
If society continues to ignore the huge amount of carbon-dioxide released during chemical reactions, the cernent CO2 emission based on the calcination of limestone could reachBaU (Business as Usual) value of 1800 million tonnes in year 2000, or 9% of today's world total CO2 emissions, and 3500 million tonnes in the year 2015, or 17.5% of today's wo...
Spectacular technological progress has been made in the last few years through the development of new materials such as 'geopolymers', and new techniques, su.ch as 'sol-gel'. New state-of-the-art materials designed with the help of geopolymerisation reactions are opening up new applications and procedures and transjorming ideas that have been taken...
Geopolymers of the Poly(sialate-disiloxo) type (-Si-O-Al-Si-O-Si-O), very-low viscosity inorganic resins, harden like thermosetting organic resins, but have use-temperature range up to 1000°C (1830°F). High-temperature techniques are no longer necessary to obtain materials which are ceramic-like in their properties. Geopolymers provide faithful rep...
Spectacular technological progress has been made in the last few years through the development of geopolymers. Testing of geopolymers indicates that they may be extremely useful for preventing environmental contamination. Geopolymers, geopolymeric binders, and geopolymeric concrete can be used to construct barriers, solidify wastes, or construct ca...
PLEASE REFER TO THE ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN 1991 IN THE SAME JOURNAL. Spectacular technological progress has been made in the last few years through the development of new materials such as ‘geopolymers’, and new techniques, such as ‘sol-gel’. New state-of-the-art materials designed with the help of geopolymerisation reactions are opening up new appli...
Introduction How old is concrete? 150 years, 2,000 years or 9,000 years? Since the invention of Portland cement by Aspdin in the early 19th century, concrete has become the most widely used construction material in the world. Yet, concrete durability can pose severe constraints on the concrete engineer and designer. In the search for materials whic...
The actual title of the presentation at the Congress was: Pyramids Man-Made Stone, Myths of Facts (III). The Famine Stela Provides the Hieroglyphic Names Of Chemicals and Minerals involved in the Construction.
Egyptologists have long claimed that no records exist which describe how the Pyramids were built. A stone stele is engraved on a rock at the...
Geopolymers are semiamorphous three-dimensional networks of polymeric sodium, potassium, lithium and magnesium silico-aluminates of the poly(sialate) type (Si-O-Al-O-) or of the poly(sia1ate-siloxo) type (Si-O-Al-OSi-O-). Geopoly-mers harden at room temperature (between 20 and 120°C) and are rather similar to thermosetting organic resins, but are s...
Geopolymer solidified waste have a potential as a synthetic geological barrier for use as a capping or lining material. Both cappings and linings can be used alone or combined with a soil barrier.
This preliminary study has shown that geopolymer technologies have a great potential for the production of environmentally safe waste disposal bearing hi...
The successful transfer of basic scientific information to the realm of industrial exploitation entails the need to create a new terminology accepted by the potential user. The author outlines the reasons for the initial failure of such transfer in the field of reactivity of clay, in the mineralogical sector, and then describes how, as a result of...
Après une présentation succinte des principes chimiques régissant la réticulation géopolymérique (LTGS) des principaux constituants minéralogiques des sols, terres et argiles, les auteurs, présentent leur expérience quant à l'utilisation rationnelle des matériaux de type latérite. Les différents essais ont porté sur des terres africaines d'origine...
This report dated of 1979 outlines the research carried out in the laboratory of CORDI SA, in the period1975-1979, in correlation with the papers: (1) "Solid-Phase synthesis of a mineral blockpolymer by low temperature polycondensation ofalumino-silicate polymers.", presented before the IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecules, The Royal Ins...
This is a doublon of the Article:
Ancient and modern concretes: what is the real difference? 1987 that is on Research Gate. Go there and download it. JD
Many observers of ancient architecture are struck by the vast difference in quality between original structures and more recent repairs. Recent studies have attempted to determine why ancient mortars and concretes are so much more durable than their modern counterparts. Many of these materials have been found to be geopolymeric concrete which has b...
The hypothesis that the limestone that constitutes the major pyramids of the Old Kingdom of Egypt is man-made stone, is discussed. Samples from six different sites at the traditionally associ- ated quarries of Turah and Mokattam have been studied using thin-section, chemical X-Ray analy- sis and X-Ray diffraction. The results were compared with pyr...
This is a US Patent: US 4,472,199 (1984). See excerpt in Full Text below from my standard book: Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications (4th edition, 2015). (go to www.geopolymer.org/shop/ )
This is a US Patent: US 4,349,386 (1982). See excerpt in Full Text below from my standard book: Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications (4th edition, 2015). (go to www.geopolymer.org/shop/ )
The successful transfer of basic scientific information to the realm of industrial exploitation entails the need to create a new terminology accepted by the potential user. The author outlines the reasons for the initial failure of such transfer in the field of reactivity of clay, in the mineralogical sector, and then describes how, as a result of...
Abstract from Archaeometry 21: It is now agreed, that the TIHUANACO civilisation is modeled on the pre-incan HUANKA civilisation revealed by an extraordinary skill in fabricating objects in stone. A recent ethnological discovery shows that some witch-doctors in the HUANKA tradition, use no tools to make their little stone objects, but still use a c...
A low temperature ceramic material is obtained with curing temperature ranging from 250 to 500° C, using a chemical reaction, a polycondensation into a geopolymer, between a clayish mineral and caustic soda. Caustic soda is easily obtained by reacting a lime solution with sodium carbonate (salt natron of Egypt and Africa). With the different types...
It is demonstrated that geo-polymers, such as kaolinite and its derivatives are transformed under low-temperature and in an astonishingly short time, into three-dimensional polysialates, polysialatesiloxo, using techniques very close to the thermosetting methods based on the polycondensation of organic resins. The polysialates and their correspondi...
The work exposed here comes from an attempt to transfer our knowledge of organic polymers and the technologies associated with it to the yet unknown, or hardly known field of the synthesis and transformation of inorganic polymers. In order to develop new materials and new industrial processes, we propose the following terminology, based on the amph...
![Fig. 3 Processus d'étirage avec chaine repliée d'après Peterlin [18]](profile/Joseph-Davidovits/publication/288087895/figure/fig1/AS:700869536407554@1544111727864/Processus-detirage-avec-chaine-repliee-dapres-Peterlin-18_Q320.jpg)
The models of structure which propose a crystalline and amorphous alternation, or those involving a folding of the macro-molecular chain, do not help to understand the mechanisms which govern the formation of the synthetic filament. lt is known that the macromolecular chain, in the molten state or in solution, builds a statistical ball. Yet, the ma...
Vyd. 1. Přeloženo z francouzštiny Obálkový podnázev: šokující pravda o stavbě pyramid 2000 výt.
A theoretical discussion of the quaternary and fibrillar structure of the native collagen molecule is based on a macromolecular micelle model. The macromolecular micelle is a macromolecular chain wound into a spiral which consists of straight lengths of chains and curves, the general form being in the solid state a planar ovoid disk which is able t...
We have recently proposed (4) as a structural model of linear polymers, the so-called "macromolecular micelle" model represented by a spirally wound macromolecular chain, and consisting of rectilinear and curved chains, the general shape of which is is in the solid state an ovoid disk, and in solution an ellipsoid of revolution. In this model, the...
Two homologous polymeric series of diol-oligo-urethanes were studied by X-rays, particularly in the small-angle range. Up to a certain chain Iength (diol-octa-urethanes) the observed long periods are a function of the molecular weight. Then they remain constant over a wide range up to the polymer inclusively.
Questions
Questions (2)
Some of you are aware of my ongoing research on Ancient geopolymer stone monuments. We published several articles (see the Research Project: Geopolymer Science applied to archaelogy) on our recent discovery of organic matter in volcanic andesite. But we also found other artifacts in the same volcanic stone, which we did not publish because we cannot figure what they are. It is the purpose of this present question.
I am including a series of pictures numbered 1 to 6:
1): the already published organic matter in andesite stone.
2): sample PP1C, Pumapunku, sponge/foam like (open cells) and plagioclase crystals. The scale is in the microns range and the objects are so small that they rather look like remains of plant cell skeletons (like the phytoliths for bamboos) instead of volcanic ash glass particles (pumice).
3): a close-up of Picture (2).
4): another SEM view in the same sample PP1C, Pumapunku with "leaf-like foam", open cells with walls in the 100 nanos range (close-up).
5): EDS analysis of the "leaf".
6): This is another example of organic inclusions in volcanic stone, this time micro-organisms which could be: pollen ? Diatoms ? Bacteria ? Phytoliths ?
Joseph Davidovits, Geopolymer Institute, 20-04-2020.
Our goal is to freeze-dry a geopolymer liquid binder and stop geopolymerization for production of a dry powder. This has been already done by several researchers, but in tiny quantities (our need is in the 500 g range). We are looking for a lab which has such equipment, located in Europe, best not to far from our Geopolymer Institute, Saint-Quentin (France).
