José R. Tarpani

• Professor
• Professor (Associate) at University of São Paulo

Developing sustainable composites for engineering applications is essential for minimizing environmental impacts and ensuring the long‐term viability of infrastructure and technological advancements. In this context, this work focuses on the manufacture and evaluation of the structural integrity of a sandwich structure composed of aluminum faces an...

This study investigates the effects of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) on the mechanical and physical properties of carbon fiber-epoxy composites. The MFC was added to the matrix and/or at the interface between the fiber and the matrix through the use of solvents. Mechanical properties were evaluated through low-velocity impact tests, while physic...

Sandwich panels composed of aluminium skins and egg-box-shaped cores made with natural fibre composites are tested in three-point bending and evaluated statistically and through failure analysis. The corrugated cores are assessed with filled bio-based foam. In order to produce these sandwich panels, preliminary investigations on natural fibre compo...

A novel technique based on vacuum-bag infusion has been proposed and used to functionalize neat carbon fiber fabric with microfibrillated cellulose to improve the mechanical performance of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin laminates. For this purpose, aqueous cellulose suspensions with varying solute concentrations were used, along with three dis...

As deep learning-based algorithms keep leading the data segmentation tasks, many efforts are being conducted for their applications in the processing of pulsed thermography sequences. Conventional data preprocessing methods, such as pulsed phase transformation and principal component analysis are still popular in the community as data enhancement m...

Studies that aim to produce flexible films of composite materials based on ionomers-PZT, and volume fractions lower than 10% PZT, in order to monitor damage in aeronautical structures are seldom investigated. The growing emphasis on the use of polymers capable of self-healing after damage or activation by heating has motivated the application of se...

Pultruded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods have been increasingly used as strengthening elements due to characteristics such as lightweight, high strength and stiffness, reduced maintenance cost, easy handling and high resistance to oxidative corrosion compared to traditional materials. Recently, these rods have become candidates for ten...

Short-beam shear test has been used to evaluate the fatigue strength of round curved pultruded carbon fiber – epoxy matrix composite specimens in three point bending test of a convex-beam. The specimens were cyclically loaded at peak stresses from 50 to 80% of the quasi-static short-beam strength, and load ratios of 0.1 to 0.5, and damage evolution...

Pulsed thermography is one of the most popular thermography inspection methods. During an experiment of pulsed thermography, a specimen is quickly heated, and infrared images are captured to provide information about the specimen’s surface and subsurface conditions. Adequate transformations are usually performed to enhance the contrast of the therm...

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) are lightweight laminate composites possessing remarkable strength to weight properties and despite unquestionable advantages, both systems present poor out of plane properties, resulting in lower resistance to delamination, requiring conservative and overdesigned pr...

Carbon and glass fiber reinforced polymers are employed in a variety of structural applications that requires high stiffness and lightweight composites. However, poor through thickness properties turn these laminates susceptible to delamination, usually caused by low energy impact. Interleaving these composites with a thermoplastic material has the...

Accumulative roll bonding is a severe plastic-forming process proposed to manufacture ceramic particle-reinforced multilayered metal matrix composites. In this work, low-cost composite multilayered laminate was produced by roll bonding commercially pure aluminum 1100 with 5% in volume of reinforcing microscale silicon carbide particles. Microstruct...

Defectively manufactured and deliberately damaged composite laminates fabricated with different continuous reinforcing fibres (respectively, carbon and glass) and polymer matrices (respectively, thermoset and thermoplastic) were inspected in magnetic resonance imaging equipment. Two pulse sequences were evaluated during non-destructive examination...

Advanced materials such as composite materials are extensively used in military and civil aeronautical industries due to their excellent specific mechanical properties. Techniques and protocols to ensure the quality of parts, components, and structures made with such class of advanced materials, both in the manufacturing stage and throughout its li...

Advanced materials such as continuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRP) laminates are commonly used in many industries, mainly because of their strength, stiffness to weight ratio, toughness, weldability, and repairability. Structural components working in harsh environments such as satellites are permanently exposed to some sort of dama...

Optical fibers (OFs) are among the most promising technologies for distributed sensing in structure health monitoring of composites. Optical backscatter reflectometer (OBR) based on Rayleigh scattering enable to use the entire length of telcom OF as sensor, giving detailed information about the stain fields in the host structure. Embedded sensors c...

Defectively manufactured and deliberately damaged composite laminates fabricated with different continuous reinforcing fibres (respectively, carbon and glass) and polymer matrices (respectively, thermoset and thermoplastic) were inspected in magnetic resonance imaging equipment. Two pulse sequences were evaluated during non-destructive examination...

Type IV COPVs (Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels) are among the most suited structures for hydrogen storage. However, its complex modes of failure and requirement for periodic maintenance has led the industry to apply high safety factors on designs. This is one of the challenges inhibiting the widespread usage of the H2 in commercial vehicles....

The fundamental aspects of fatigue fracture mechanisms (crack onset and propagation) in riveted single lap joints of fiber-metal laminate have been disclosed through extensive failure analysis of double-riveted 2/1 Glare™ laminate layup. Three fatigue fracture mechanisms, namely, rivet fracture, Glare laminate cracking and fretting-fatigue have bee...

Carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) are suitable materials for high-end applications due to the high strength to weight ratio. This important advantage counteracts to their machinability because the inherent anisotropy and the heterogeneity lead a high difficulty to reach good quality in terms of surface integrity, dimensional and geometrical t...

In this research, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 wt% MFC aqueous suspensions were used to impregnate carbon fiber fabrics via aspersion and immersion routes to build a cost-effective hierarchical polymer matrix composite laminates with enhanced load carrying capacity. Mechanical performance improvements of 28 and 21% were obtained in terms of ultimate tensile s...

Artificial bodies intentionally placed into low orbit around the earth (LEO) are exposed to critical thermal and mechanical in-service conditions, e.g. severe thermal cycling and micrometeoroid impact. To better understand the response of Glare™-5 2/1 fiber-metal laminate under such conditions, pristine test coupons were subjected to low-energy bal...

Chemical modification of fiber surfaces can increase wettability of composites reinforced by vegetal fibers and, consequently, the dispersion of the fiber in the matrix and mechanical properties can be improved. Although there are some studies about agents for chemical modifications of vegetal fiber surfaces, there are few data and discussion about...

Researches involving self-healing materials have gain importance due to their capability of longer life cycles of products. The present study investigates one ionomer and its ability to heal with thermal stimulus after low energy damages, such as scratch detriments. The polymer films were adhered to a metallic substrate by hot-pressing and damaged...

This paper presents a fast and practical route to improve the stress transfer of continuous fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates. This method concerns on-the-surface treatment of unsized carbon and glass fiber fabrics with 2,2,6,6-TetraMethyl-1-PiperidinylOxy (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibers before the laminate manufacturing ste...

Observation and analysis of the interphase are essential for a detailed understanding of the global composite properties when nanofillers are incorporated as interfacial agents. Techniques such as atomic force microscopy and nano-indentation provide valuable information on interfacial properties associated with the viscoelastic behavior of each pha...

Computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging has been successfully applied to fully detect typical aircraft hydrogen-rich liquid contaminants entrapped in honeycomb core cells of structural polymer composite sandwich panels. With the aid of Bayesian-based image processing toolbox, the quantification, identification, and discrimination of the cont...

In this paper, a cost-effective and eco-friendly method to improve mechanical performance in continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) matrix composites is presented. Unsized fiber fabric preforms are coated with self-assembling sugarcane bagasse microfibrillated cellulose, and undergo vacuum-assisted liquid epoxy resin infusion to produce...

In vitro results obtained from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI) of Continuous Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) matrix composite laminates, which had been previously damaged and subsequently immersed in simulated body fluid are provided in this work. Irrefutable evidences are given in regard to the NMRI technique’s ability to detect and full...

Pultruded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite rods have been increasingly used in numerous applications because of their outstanding characteristics as lightweight, high strength and stiffness, low maintenance costs, easy-handling, and high resistance to oxidative corrosion when compared to traditional construction materials, notably m...

The Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) process is a severe plastic forming method originally conceived to metal sheets to promote grain size refinement and improve the mechanical strength. Nowadays, ARB has been extended to the development and enhancement of new classes of metal-based materials such as metal matrix composites (MMC). The present work a...

Welding lightweight metal matrix composites (MMC) still poses a major obstacle to the broader use of this important class of structural materials. The microstructural changes resulting from the pre-weld heat-treatment and welding cycle significantly affect the mechanical and physicochemical properties of the joint and the nearby base-metal (BM). Th...

In this article, an easy, effective, and eco-friendly method to improve the mechanical performance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites is proposed, which involves the coating of unsized glass fiber fabric layers by simple immersion in an aqueous suspension containing sugarcane bagasse microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), followed by vacuum-as...

The present work aims to study the behavior of rolled commercially pure aluminum matrix reinforced with silicon carbide particles (40 µm) (Al-SiCp5%) manufactured by the ARB process (Accumulative Roll Bonding) when subjected to the micro-adhesive wear test. For comparative effect, was also analyzed the material AA-1100 ARB without addition of parti...

Self-healing ionomer has proven the ability to autonomous heal after a damage event in room temperature. The present study intent to investigate the self-healing response of microcracks in an ionomer polymer partially neutralized upon bullet penetration in cryogenic conditions. The specimens were obtained by hot press of pellets and after ballistic...

In vitro results obtained from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI) of Continuous Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) matrix composite laminates, which had been previously damaged and subsequently immersed in simulated body fluid are provided in this work. Irrefutable evidences are given in regard to the NMRI technique's ability to detect and full...

Infrared Thermography (IRT) is a well-known Non-destructive Testing (NDT) technique. In the last decades, it has been widely applied in several fields including inspection of composite materials (CM), specially the fiber-reinforced polymer matrix ones. Consequently, it is important to develop and improve efficient NDT techniques to inspect and asse...

Carbon fiber-reinforced poly-phenylene sulfide laminate coupons were impacted at low-energy in a drop-tower machine and subsequently fatigued in a four-point bending fixture. The doubly damaged test pieces were then hot-press reconsolidated and inspected nondestructively by vibrothermography to check their structural integrity. The residual mechani...

Fatigue crack growth properties of friction stir welded joints of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy were studied via constant amplitude load (increasing-K) testing under open air and accelerated salt fog exposure conditions. For low K values, longitudinal crack growth in the weld line center was slower under corrosion fatigue than by air due to the prevalence...

Thermoplastic polyethylene has been increasingly used in important structural applications, e.g., in the production of pipelines for water and natural gas distribution systems, leading to the growing interest in the characterization of the material’s fracture toughness. By virtue of its high ductility at room temperature, elastic-plastic fracture t...

An investigation was made to determine the causes of surface contact fatigue failure of a case hardened driver pinion located in the intermediate shaft of a reducer gearbox used in a sugar and alcohol mill. The examination of the component revealed the presence of a cemented layer substantially thicker than that generally specified for pinions devi...

This work presents an experimental study on the residual tensile strength (ASTM D3916/ASTM D7205) of four types of pultruded rods made of carbon and glass fibers reinforcing epoxy and vinyl-ester polymer matrices subjected to accelerated degradation in sea water (ASTM D1141) and hot water (ASTM D570), with an exposure time of 744 h for each aging t...

Resistance-welded thermoplastic and adhesive-bonded thermosetting composite lap joints were compared in terms of mechanical properties and fracture aspects in pristine and after impact at 10 J and/or hygrothermally ageing conditions. Ultimate strength under quasi-static four-point bend loading (4PB) of virgin joints was higher than simply impacted...

Thermography is a nondestructive testing (NDT) technique based on the principle that two dissimilar materials, i.e., possessing different thermophysical properties, would produce two distinctive thermal signatures that can be revealed by an infrared sensor, such as a thermal camera. The fields of NDT applications are expanding from classical buildi...

The increasing usage of polyethylene in high-demanding structural applications, e.g., in the production of pipes for water and natural gas distribution networks, leads to the growing interest in the characterization of the material's fracture toughness. Polyethylene, however, is ductile at room temperature and, hence, elastoplastic fracture toughne...

The purpose of this work is to predict the failure modes of single lap composite bonded joints subjected to low energy impact loading using finite element analysis. Experimental data were collected during mechanical tests by impacting the specimen using a drop test tower. Maximum impact induced force and dissipated energy for each specimen were mea...

Recent scientific literature reports a growing demand for aircrafts with high structural stiffness, which has greatly stimulated the development of new classes of hybrid fiber-metal laminates (FML) [1]. As metal-polymer interlamellar fracture resistance is still a big challenge in materials science and engineering [2], this paper aims to demonstrat...

Hybrid fiber-metal laminates (FML) comprise metal-alloy foils interspersed with layers of high performance continuous fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites. Despite huge developments in the manufacturing process of this attractive structural material especially to aeronautical industry, polymer/metal interface remains a great deal for future a...

Reinforced thermoplastic structural detail parts and assemblies are being developed to be included in current aeronautic programs. Thermoplastic composite technology intends to achieve improved properties and low cost processes. Welding of detail parts permits to obtain assemblies with weight reduction and cost saving. Currently, joining composite...

The first step towards the implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) -based tools for X-ray radiography and NMRI inspection methods to detect, identify and discriminate liquid contaminants entrapped in honeycomb core cells of structural composite sandwich panels, as well as to differentiate liquid substances from repair resin compounds is d...

Dissimilar riveted fiber-metal laminate joints were weathered and subsequently subjected to tension fatigue loading. It is concluded that joint configuration strongly determines fatigue behavior, especially at lower peak loads. Hygrothermal aging is shown to be a more hostile form of conditioning than repeated thermal shock.

AA356 alloy/SiCp compocast billets were produced via Vortex-Stir Compocasting technique and machined testpieces were subjected to static flexural, Charpy impact and fatigue testing with subsequent fractographical evaluation of broken specimen halves. Experimental results showed that T6 tempering increased both flexural stiffness and ultimate streng...

Reinforced thermoplastic structural detail parts and assemblies are being developed to be included in current aeronautic programs. Thermoplastic composite technology intends to achieve improved properties and low cost processes. Welding of detail parts permits to obtain assemblies with weight reduction and cost saving. Currently, joining composite...

It is well known that striation spacing may be related to the crack growth rate, da/dN, through Paris equation, as well as the maximum and minimum loads under service loading conditions. These loads define the load ratio, R, and are considered impossible to be evaluated from the inter-spacing striations analysis. In this way, this study discusses t...

Shot peening is a surface treatment commonly used in parts aiming to improve fatigue properties. The controlled plastic deformation caused by the impact of the shots introduces compressive residual stresses on the material's surface layer. Normally, this process is performed at room temperature, however, new studies present a possibility of perform...

The energy absorbed by the fiber/metal laminate GlareTM during low-energy repeated impact events according to three different dynamic loading sequences has been determined using a Laser-Doppler apparatus. The results indicated that the absorbed energy (Ea) was approximately 40% of the total available energy (Et = 6 Joules) regardless of the impact...

High-performance continuous carbon fiber-reinforced PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) thermoplastic composite laminates were impacted, subsequently fatigued and hot-press reconsolidated, and their residual mechanical properties were determined by flexural testing. Excessive pressure applied in the hot repair procedure rendered the composite too much stif...

This work reports hygroscopic, thermal, and mechanical properties of biomass composites comprising sisal fiber reinforcing castor oil PU resin. The effects of reinforcement geometry and alkaline treatment of fibers were evaluated. In general, alkaline treatment improved quasi-static tensile properties of composites with short randomly oriented and...

The residual mechanical properties of impacted and subsequently fatigued continuous carbon (C) fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and thermosetting epoxy resin (EPX) laminates were determined by flexural testing. All the mechanical properties were affected negatively by impact loading and decreased proportionally to the incr...

In this paper, results from Reese & Schwalbe's Linear Normalization methodology for deriving J-R curves are compared to those obtained from traditional unloading elastic compliance technique. Research results regarding to nuclear grade steel exhibiting a vast range of mechanical behavior have shown that Linear Normalization is a trustworthy and ver...

Several J-R fit methods were applied to J-∆a data derived from miniaturized and standard compact testpieces. Research results on the basis of structural integrity assessment of nuclear pressure vessel indicate that the logarithmic fit is a robust conservative practice as compared to the most widespread and standardized J-R curve fit procedure, i.e....

A tenacidade à fratura translaminar dinâmica do laminado híbrido metal-fibra titânio-grafite com matriz termoplástica foi determinada sob as velocidades de impacto de 2,25 e 5,52 m/s, no intervalo de temperaturas de -196 a +180 °C, e comparada à de laminados compósitos convencionais de fibras de carbono e resina epóxi. Constatou-se que o laminado h...

The translaminar dynamic fracture toughness of four carbon fiber - epoxy resin composite laminates was compared at the impact velocities of 2.25 and 5.52 m/s, under the temperatures of –70, +25 and +100 °C. It has been concluded that the initiation fracture toughness of unidirectional tape laminates is quite higher than bidirectional woven fabric c...

The translaminar dynamic fracture toughness of titanium-graphite hybrid fiber-metal laminate with thermoplastic matrix has been determined at the impact velocities of 2.25 and 5.52 m/s, within the temperature range from -196 to +180 ºC, and compared to that of conventional carbon-epoxy composite laminates. The hybrid laminate exhibits lower initiat...

A weight-based analysis was made of the translaminar Charpy impact toughness performance of conventional and advanced composite materials for aircraft fabrication. The materials were carbon-epoxy (C-Ep) and hybrid fiber-metal TiGr (Titanium-Graphite) laminates. 5 mm-thick three-point bend specimens were tested over a temperature range of –70 to 180...

The absorbed energy during the low-velocity transversal impact of hybrid metal/fiber GlareTM laminate was determined by three different analytical methods. The first method employs a sophisticated Laser-Doppler apparatus that registers the acceleration and deceleration of the impact tup along the drop-weight test, whereas the second one is based on...

This paper reviews the contribution of the most prestigious Brazilian research centers into the materials research area and their applications to the aeronautical and aerospace industries. A brief historical review is presented to be able to place the reader into the "Brazilian perspective". The research examination is focused on three large catego...

A round robin program was conducted to assess the ability of three different X-radiographic systems for imaging internal fatigue cracks in riveted lap joints of composite glass reinforced fiber/metal laminate. From an engineering perspective, conventional film radiography and direct radiography have produced the best results, identifying and charac...

Continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composite laminates were exposed to single transversal impact with different energy levels. The damages impinged to the structural materials were evaluated by active infrared thermography in the transmission mode. In general, the thermoplastic laminate thermograms showed clearer damage...

Failure analysis is the process of collecting, examining, and interpreting damage clues. The objective is to understand the possible conditions leading to a failure and perhaps prevent similar failures in the future. A failure analysis should provide a well-documented chain of information that either excludes or supports possible interpretation of...

The fatigue crack growth properties of friction stir welded joints of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy have been studied under constant load amplitude (increasing-K), with special emphasis on the residual stress (inverse weight function) effects on longitudinal and transverse crack growth rate predictions (Glinka's method). In general, welded joints were mo...

Riveted lap joints made of two sheets of Glare ™ are known to develop cracks at the faying surfaces of aluminum sheets when subjected to cyclic axial constant amplitude loading (CAL). The purpose of this work was to conduct high-resolution digital radiographic inspections of cracks generated by the CAL in the aeronautical grade Glare ™ riveted hybr...

FAILURE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF IRON ORE PELLETIZING PROCESS PLANT Abstract Grate bars of pallet cars employed in iron ore pelletizing process presented severe abrasive wear due to the contact with the pellets, and erosive wear as a consequence of the hot air flow containing iron ore particles. Burning fossil fuels and the presence of...