José Soler

• Technical University of Denmark

In the near future, there will be a greater emphasis on sharing network resources between roads and railways to improve transportation efficiency and reduce infrastructure costs. This could enable the development of global Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs). In this paper, a software-defined networking (SDN)-based common emergency s...

Data processing architectures are currently evolving to enable the deployment of critical real-time applications, particularly in the railway environment. Indeed, these new computing architectures could contribute to the definition of innovative services: platooning, remote driving, autonomous trains, etc. This is why many studies today aim at sett...

Validation measurements for the Future Railway Communication System in railway environments is a very challenging task and should be reduced to a minimum for cost and time efficiency. " zero-on-site testing " consists of using simulation/emulation tools and testing procedures to allow validation and verification activities in the laboratory to avo...

This paper provides a detailed tutorial to develop a sandbox to emulate coexistence scenarios for road and railway services in terms of sharing telecommunication infrastructure using software-defined network (SDN) capabilities. This paper provides detailed instructions for the creation of network topology using Mininet–WiFi that can mimic real-life...

5G is getting roll-out and is considered a significant technology for autonomous vehicles to communicate and navigate. Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) is looking into wireless technologies such as 5G, LTE, and WiFi to leverage them for railways (5GRAIL). In this paper, a sandbox for emulating coexistence scenarios for railway and...

Network emulators are a key component for the implementation and evaluation of new applications. A network emulator designed for 5G networks should support the deployment of a complete 5G architecture (core and access network) as well as the deployment of edge data centers (edge computing) and the implementation of flexible SDN (Software Defined Ne...

In the automotive and rail domains, vehicles are entering the era of full automation thanks to wireless sensors and communication systems, shifting control functions from a human driver to computers. High data rate, robustness, high reliability and ultra-low latency wireless communications are required in the context of autonomous train and safety...

Train Control and Monitoring System (TCMS) is a key element for smart railway operation and maintenance. In order to reduce costs and train weight,EU-funded projects are working on the development of Wireless TCMS. The data exchanges between trains and ground will be based on wireless technology such as Wi-Fi or LTE (Long Term Evolution). First pro...

This paper presents a description of a new emulation platform to help decrease expenses for the development of a new train-to-ground communication system for railways, which is one of the objectives of the Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking. This emulator will interface with the T2G communication prototypes at IP layer and will consider many railway-spec...

The emergence of widespread cloudification and virtualisation promises increased flexibility, scalability, and programmability for the deployment of services by Vertical Service Providers (VSPs). This cloudification also improves service and network management, reducing the Capital and Operational Expenses (CAPEX, OPEX). A truly cloud-native approa...

This paper presents a description of a new emulation platform to help decrease expenses for the development of a new train-to-ground communication system for railways, which is one of the objectives of the Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking. This emulator will interface with the T2G communication prototypes at IP layer and will consider many railway-s...

The software defined networking (SDN) paradigm separates the control plane from the data plane, where an SDN controller receives requests from its connected switches and manages the operation of the switches under its control. Reassignments between switches and their controllers are performed dynamically, in order to balance the load over SDN contr...

Platform-As-A-Service (PaaS) systems offer customers a rich environment in which to build, deploy, and run applications. Today's PaaS offerings are tailored mainly to the needs of web and mobile applications developers, and involve a fairly rigid stack of components and features. The vision of the H2020 5GPPP Phase 2 Next Generation Platform-as-a-S...

Under the SAFE4RAIL project, we are developing a simulation platform based on a discrete-events net-work simulator. This platform models the Train-to-Ground (T2G) link in the framework of a system-level simulation of Train Control Management System (TCMS). The modelled T2G link is based on existing wireless technologies, e.g. Wi-Fi and LTE. Differe...

This paper focuses on performance evaluation of the Train to Ground traffic exchanges used to ensure safety and monitoring train functionalities carried by the Train Control Management System (TCMS). In the framework of the European project Safe4Rail from the Shift2Rail program, we try to use LTE (Long Term Evolution) network as an alternative comm...

Using multicast data transmissions, data can be efficiently distributed to a high number of network users. However, in order to efficiently stream multimedia using multicast communication, multicast routing protocols must have knowledge of all network links and their available bandwidth. In Software Defined Networks (SDN), all this information is a...

Thanks to recent advances in mobile networks, it is becoming increasingly popular to access heterogeneous content from mobile terminals. There are, however, unique challenges in mobile networks that affect the perceived quality of experience (QoE) at the user end. One such challenge is the higher latency that users typically experience in mobile ne...

5G standard emerges at a particular time in technology history when cloud transforms deeply almost all industries and services: it becomes obvious that innovations have to be made cloud-native for being successful. 5G must become the ubiquitous fabric blending universal connectivity (to humans, robots, sensors…) with cloud versatility and scalabili...

Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) is a modern signalling system that uses radio communication to transfer train control information between the train and the wayside. A vast majority of CBTC systems worldwide use IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi as the radio technology mostly due to its cost-effectiveness. The trackside networks in these systems are mostl...

Over the last decade, railway industry has seen a huge transition from conventional railway signalling systems to modern, communication-based signalling systems. Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) is a modern communication-based system that uses radio communication to transfer timely and accurate train control information. CBTC is the choice...

Existing Data Center Networks (DCNs) continue to evolve to keep up with application requirements in terms of bandwidth, latency, agility, etc. According to the updated release of the Cisco Global Cloud Index [1], by 2019, more than 86% of traffic workloads will be processed by cloud DCs. Traditional DCNs, which are based on electrical packet switch...

A challenge in the adoption of the OpenFlow (OF)-based SDN paradigm is related to the limited number of OF rules supported by the network devices. The technology used to implement the OF rules is TCAM, which is expensive and power demanding. Due to this, the network devices are either very costly or they can support a very limited number of OF rule...

The European Train Control System (ETCS) is the leading signaling system for train command and control. In the future, ETCS may be delivered over long-term evolution (LTE) networks. Thus, LTE performance offered to ETCS must be analyzed and confronted with the railway safety requirements. It is especially important to ensure the integrity of the ET...

The centralisation of the control plane decision logic in software defined networking SDN has raised concerns regarding the performance of the SDN Controller SDNC when the network scales up. A number of solutions have been proposed in the literature to address these concerns. This paper proposes a new approach for addressing the performance bottlen...

The European Train Control System (ETCS) is the leading signaling system for train command and control. In the future, ETCS may be delivered over long-term evolution (LTE) networks. Thus, LTE performance offered to ETCS must be analyzed and confronted with the railway safety requirements. It is especially important to ensure the integrity of the ET...

Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) is the current standard for railway voice and data communication. It provides railway-specific voice services, such as railway emergency calls (RECs), as well as the European Train Control System (ETCS), which offers in-cab signaling and automatic train protection. Despite these features and s...

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a networking approach based on a centralized control plane architecture with standardised interfaces between control and data planes. SDN enables fast configuration and reconfiguration of the network to enhance resource utilization and service performances. This new approach enables a more dynamic and flexible n...

One of the applicability areas of SDN is for creating services for dynamic provisioning of network resources with strict QoS requirements. The research available in this field focuses mainly on the service logic implemented over the functionality of the SDN Controller (SDNC). However, there is much to be covered regarding the specific mechanisms us...

The OpenFlow (OF) protocol is widely used in Software Defined Networking (SDN) to realize the communication between the controller and forwarding devices. OF allows great flexibility in managing traffic flows. However, OF alone is not enough to build more complex SDN services that require complete control and management of the data plane (e.g. conf...

GSM-Railways (GSM-R) is the current standard for railway voice and data communication. GSM-R provides railway specific voice services, such as Railway Emergency Call (REC). GSM-R provides also the European Train Control System (ETCS), which offers in-cab signaling and Automatic Train Protection (ATP). Despite these features and services, GSM-R has...

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Communication Technologies for Vehicles, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains/Nets4Aircraft 2015, held in Sousse, Tunisia, in May 2015. The 20 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. The contributions are organized in topical sections named...

GSM-Railways (GSM-R) is the first international communication network designed specifically for railways. Most of the deployed GSM-R networks were initially used only to provide the railway voice communication. However, as more of these GSM-R networks begin to support the European Train Control System (ETCS) signaling, the capacity of GSM-R turns o...

The Global System for Mobile Communications-Railways (GSM-R) is an obsolete mobile technology with considerable shortcomings in terms of capacity and data transmission capabilities. Because of these shortcomings, GSM-R is becoming the element limiting the number of running trains in areas with high train concentration, such as major train stations....

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a serious candidate for the future releases of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). LTE offers more capacity and supports new communication-based applications and services for railways. Nevertheless, even with this technology, the classical macro-cell radio deployments reach overload, especially in high-...

Software reliability is of great importance for the development of embedded systems that are often used in applications that have requirements for safety. Since the life cycle of embedded products is becoming shorter, productivity and quality simultaneously required and closely in the process of providing competitive products Objectives: In relatio...

Although many countries only now begin to invest in deployment of GSM-Railways (GSM-R) networks, this technology is already obsolete and reveals its significant shortcomings. The most troublesome one is the insufficient number of communication channels offered by GSM-R. This is a major problem obstructing railway operations at big train stations an...

The paper presents the design and implementation of an emulation platform for the IP Multimedia Subsystem. The SIP Servlet API v1.1 has been used to implement the final system. The purpose of the emulation is to offer to IMS service developers an environment where they can integrate development, deployment and testing of their SIP applications in a...

The MODUS project aims to provide a pragmatic and viable solution that will allow SMEs to substantially improve their positioning in the embedded-systems development market. The MODUS tool will provide a model verification and Hardware/Software co-simulation tool (TRIAL) and a performance optimisation and customisable source-code generation tool (T...

GSM-Railways (GSM-R) is an obsolete mobile technology with a number of shortcomings in terms of capacity and capability. These shortcomings become a major issue for railways as GSM-R may limit the number of running trains in some areas and it cannot support advanced data services. Hence, alternative technologies, such as LTE, have to be considered...

Railway communication technologies undergo a revolutionary change bringing them from the analog to the digital era. The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) replaces numerous incompatible analog radio systems, classical side-track signs and legacy in-cab signaling with an integrated comprehensive solution. This paper presents an overview...

The deployment of 4G networks is spreading rapidly providing mobile broadband services to the public. 4G technologies are designed to overlay existing 3G networks enabling reusability of several network components. In this way, the coexistence of 3G/4G standards is facilitated. This paper describes the advantages of using distributed base station a...

The paper presents cases of applying hardware virtualization techniques as support for education activities in two different courses and a master thesis within the degree International MSc on Telecommunication Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The triggering problem is presented in each of the cases, together with the benefi...

The number of electronic devices found in home environments is increasing, leading to an increase in the energy consumption in users' premises. Introducing a Home Energy Management System (HEMS) into user residences might provide the necessary tools to reduce and optimize the energy consumption in home environments. However, this is not an easy tas...

Energy consumption has increased considerably in the last years. How to reduce and make energy consumption more efficient in home environments has become of great interest for researchers. This could be achieved by introducing a Home Energy Management System (HEMS) into user residences. This system might allow the user to control the devices in the...

This paper makes three contributions to assist households to control their home devices in an easy way and to simplify the software installation and configuration processes across multi-vendor environments. First, a Home Environment Service Knowledge Management System is proposed, which is based on the knowledge implemented by ontology and uses the...

This paper presents the existing Radio over Fiber (RoF) architectures and focuses on the control and management plane of the Remote Antenna Unit (RAU). Broadband wireless standards, such as WiMAX and LTE, incorporate optical technologies following the distributed base station concept. The control and management of the RAU becomes a critical task, s...

During the evolution of mobile networks, reusability of network components has been always a main concern. At the same time, keeping operational and maintenance cost at reasonable levels is a major task. This paper presents and quantifies the advantages of using multimode remote radios capable of operating according to various standards (WCDMA, WiM...

This paper describes a novel methodology for regulating electricity demand peaks for home appliances. To achieve this objective, we will make use of the reversible fair scheduling algorithm originally developed for telecommunication networks. The main concept behind this approach is the aggregation of home appliances into priority classes and the d...

Increasing the efficiency of mobile communication networks while keeping operational and maintenance cost at reasonable level is a major task for operators. Multimode radios capable of operating according to various mobile broadband standards, such as WCDMA, WiMAX and LTE, represent the new trend for resolving these challenges. A transparent radio...

The paper provides details of a home-networking architecture based on an enhanced residential gateway. Initially the need for mechanisms allowing user-dependent network behavior is described and afterwards details of an initial implementation are provided in terms of architectural description, enabling technical components and interaction.

This paper describes the basic concepts of the 3GPP Generic User Profile (GUP) architecture and provides an overview of a practical implementation of the GUP concepts (FlexiNET), identifying at the same time potential improvements to the current GUP architecture by providing a step-by-step comparison of the GUP functionalities with FlexiNET. Finall...

Energy consumption has increased considerably in the last years. The way to reduce and make energy consumption more efficient has become of great interest for researchers. One of the research areas is the reduction of energy consumption in users' residences. In order to reduce energy consumption in home environments, researches have been designing...

According to traffic predictions, the growth in data networks usage will be increasing in the coming years, what will be especially visible in the mobile access networks. This brings new challenges in terms of traffic differentiation and network resource sharing, which need to be faced by wireless technologies, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). Th...