Jose Roberto Moreira

• Phd
• Professor at University of São Paulo

The global transport sector is the second largest energy consumer and strongly relies on fossil fuels. Efforts for reducing GHG emissions on this sector depend on energy efficiency improvement and the use of renewable fuels and electrification. All these technologies are commercially available and each one faces some barriers to overcame environmen...

Continuous effort to mitigate climate change relies on new technologies able to satisfy human demand for energy services with high energy efficiency and reasonable costs. We show that blending a well-known technology with recently introduced and proven technical advances can mitigate climate change in the road transport sector. Furthermore, the ach...

Carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere (CDR)—also known as 'negative emissions'—features prominently in most 2 °C scenarios and has been under increased scrutiny by scientists, citizens, and policymakers. Critics argue that 'negative emission technologies' (NETs) are insufficiently mature to rely on them for climate stabilization. Some even arg...

Stabilization at concentrations consistent with keeping global warming below 2 °C above the pre-industrial level will require drastic cuts in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions during the first half of the century; net negative emissions approaching 2100 are required in the vast majority of current emission scenarios. For negative emissions, the focus...

To have a >50% chance of limiting warming below 2 °C, most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs). These are technologies that result in the net removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. We quantify potential global impacts of the different NETs on va...

This document describes the global energy system and documents 1990 energy-consumption patterns and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions

Energy crop, and forest plantation and management are the best alternative to curb C emission while simultaneously attracting large commercial interest.

Englund et al (2015 Environ. Res. Lett. 10 044002) have recently analyzed biodiesel production from oil palm plantations as one possible way to mitigate climate change while providing cost effective results. They show that data for detailed quantification of biological carbon sequestration is available allowing a high confidence evaluation of posit...

The Brazilian energy system can be considered environmentally friendly due to the significant share of renewable energy sources. For the next decades, there are some concerns that renewable energy sources may lose market share if we trust official plans and the maintenance of unfair barriers created by environmental bodies on further medium and lar...

This work compares the return on investments (ROI) of oil versus biofuels in Brazil. Although several renewable energy sources might displace oil, the country's forte is sugarcane biofuels. In our analysis we carry out simplified benefit–cost analyses of producing oil fields, pre-salt oil fields (without and with enhanced oil recovery), a business...

Many experts have concluded that, if greenhouse gas concentrations are to be limited while the world's energy demands are nonetheless met, biomass energy will be an indispensable resource. At the same time, climate change is expected to affect agricultural productivity adverselyand 15 percent of people in developing countries, according to the UN's...

In an editorial of a recent issue of a known academic journal, Prof. Hartmut Michel affirmed that “…the production of biofuels constitutes an extremely inefficient land use… We should not grow plants for biofuel production.”, after comparing the area occupied with plants for bioenergy production with the one required for photovoltaic cells to suppl...

The Working Group III Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN) presents an assessment of the literature on the scientific, technological, environmental, economic and social aspects of the contribution of six renewable energy (RE) sources to the mitigation of climate change. It is intended to provide policy re...

Tese (Mestrado) Programa Interunidades de Pós-graduação em energia da Universidade de São Paulo.

Annex III is intended to become a ‘living document’, which will be updated in the light of new information in order to serve as an input to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Scientists that are interested in supporting this process are invited to contact the IPCC WG III Technical Support Unit (TSU) (using srren_cost@ipcc-wg3.de) in order to g...

Executive Summary Bioenergy has a significant greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential, provided that the resources are developed sustainably and that efficient bioenergy systems are used. Certain current systems and key future options including perennial cropping systems, use of biomass residues and wastes and advanced conversion systems are able...

Biofuels are considered as a carbon neutral alternative to hydrocarbons in the transport sector and this approach has triggered concerns about the impact the production of biofuels might have on land usage. Another option that might also lead to reduced emissions in the transport sector is electricity based on renewable energy sources such as bioma...

The lack of energy prevents the development of productive, economically organized and potentially employment and income-generator activities, leading to poverty and social exclusion. This article presents a Case Study focused on the electricity generation in an isolated community, developed facing to the social and environmental issues of the North...

Th ethanol usage in buses is a reality in Stockholm, where the technology is used since 1985 with success from the environmental point of view. In order to encourage the use of ethanol in public urban transportation, aiming to reduce atmospheric pollution in the large urban centers and the mitigation of global warming, Project BEST BioEthanol for S...

The charge radii of 20, 22Ne have been measured by elastic scattering of electrons. The data have been analyzed in the first Born approximation as well as with a phase shift analysis. The results obtained are R(22Ne)/R(20Ne) = 0.976 ± 0.010. This anomaly is shown to be consistent with ground state deformations in 20, 22Ne.

The scattering of electrons from the low lying excited states of 20Ne and 22Ne has been studied in the momentum transfer range from 0.41 fm−1 to 1.04 fm−1. Over a limited range of momentum transfer the study of 20Ne has been extended to excited states up to 8 MeV. A phase shift code has been used to extract the ground state transition probabilities...

The usage of ethanol in buses is a reality in cities from Sweden, such as Stockholm. The technology of diesel bus adapted to operate with ethanol has been used in that country since 1985, with great success, mainly in the environmental point of view. With the intent of encouraging ethanol usage in urban public transportation aiming, among other goa...

São Paulo is the first city in South America demonstrating the economical and technical viability of public buses fuelled with ethanol in order to investigate opportunities for a reduction of the pollutant emission in urban transport. These demonstration activities are supported by the European Commission in the framework of the project BEST (Bioet...

This work models the carbon neutralization capacity of Brazil's ethanol program since 1975. In addition to biofuel, we also assessed the mitigation potential of other energy products, such as, bioelectricity, and CO2 emissions captured during fermentation of sugar cane's juice. Finally, we projected the neutralization capacity of sugar cane's bio-e...

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.

Bioenergy is a renewable energy sources contributing with 10% of the global primary energy supply. It has expanded in the last decades in develop and developing countries though modern uses, which are more efficient and mitigate GHG emissions. Bioelectricity and biofuels are the major modern uses, and their large potentials are analyzed either by t...

Cogeneration from sugarcane bagasse (a by-product fiom sugarcane milling process) is already a reality in Brazilian sugar/alcohol plants. However, in most cases the sugarcane bagasse is used in a very inefficient way-low-pressure boilers and low efficiency-steam turbines, almost 20 years old, despite the huge potential of electricity generation. Be...

The intensive use of renewable energy is one of the options to stabilize CO2atmospheric concentration at levels of 350 to 550ppm. A recent evaluation of the global potential of primary renewable energy carried out by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sets a value of at least 2800EJ/yr, which is more than the most energy-intensive SRE...

"Brazil is the world's largest producer of ethanol, a biofuel used mainly in automobiles as an additive or alternative to gasoline. In the mid-1970s the country undertook a major program to produce ethanol, and since then the industry has had both successes and failures. Although Brazil's program was criticized as being uneconomic during periods of...

ENERGIA é um ingrediente essencial para a vida na sociedade moderna. A ampliação da infra-estrututa energética do Brasil, tanto na sua produção como no consumo exigirá grandes investimentos. Daí a necessidade da presença do Governo no planejamento das atividades energéticas, que são geralmente implementados pela iniciativa privada. Esta presença é...

ENERGIA é um ingrediente essencial para a vida na sociedade moderna. A ampliação da infra-estrututa energética do Brasil, tanto na sua produção como no consumo exigirá grandes investimentos. Daí a necessidade da presença do Governo no planejamento das atividades energéticas, que são geralmente implementados pela iniciativa privada. Esta presença é...

The Inventory Analysis for the life cycle of sugarcane ethanol is presented. Methodological problems related to the application of the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to agricultural systems are discussed and solutions are proposed, based on the literature. The system modeled is representative of the State of São Paulo/Brazil and includes an agri...

The paper presents an analysis of biomass energy with CO2 capture and storage (BECS) in industrial applications. Sugar cane-based ethanol mills and chemical pulp mills are identified as market niches with promising prospects for BECS. Calculations of CO2 balances of BECS in these applications show that the introduction of CO2 capture and storage in...

Abstract Renewable energy is shifting from the fringe to the mainstream of sustainable development. Past donor efforts achieved modest results but often were not sustained or replicated, which leads now to greater market orientation. Markets for rural household lighting with solar home systems, biogas, and small hydro power have expanded through ru...

Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the

We conclude that a system of climate risk management is practicable and necessary. Increasing deployment of sustainable bioenergy with carbon removal and sequestration, together with structural shift toward low carbon-intensive fuels, will turn out to be instrumental for such a risk-limiting regime and might offer ancillary benefits for sustainable...

This report assesses the scientific, technical, environmental, economic and social aspects of the mitigation of climate change. Research in climate change mitigation has continued since the publication of the IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR), taking into account political changes such as the agreement on the Kyoto Protocol of the UNFCCC in 1997,...

The Climate Change 2001 volumes of the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC provide the most comprehensive assessment of climate change since its second report, Climate Change 1995. This Synthesis Report gives a comprehensive summary of the main points of the three separate volumes of the Report: The Scientific Basis; Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulner...

Ethanol is being used as a fuel in the transportation sector in Brazil and in a few other countries. It started to be used in significant amounts in Brazil in a blend with gasoline in 1975 and as a neat fuel in automobiles in 1980. The first use continues and all gasoline sold in the country contains 24% ethanol. The second use showed a rapid evolu...

Major objectives of the current energy supply sector are economic development and international competitiveness. Climate change objectives, particularly the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, do not play a significant role. Nevertheless, significant opportunities exist to reduce CO2 emissions as well as other greenhouse gas (GHG) emission...

The rational for the launching of the Alcohol Program from sugarcane in Brazil in the mid-1970’s is described as an answer to the first “oil crisis” as well as a solution to the problem of the fluctuating sugar prices in the international market. The technical characteristics of ethanol as a fuel are given as well as a discussion of the evolution o...

The paper describes the state of the art of lighting technologies in use in Brazil, try to evaluate the existing opportunities for new products and discuss the barriers which are responsible for the slow penetration of efficient lighting. Efficient incandescent lamps, very efficient incandescent lamps, conventional fluorescent tubes, efficient fluo...

The motives behind this study, financed by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is to increase our experience and knowledge of possible future Joint Implementation projects. The study demonstrates some opportunities for fuelswitching from diesel to biomass in the power generation sector in Brazilian Amazonia as abatement measures to reduce em...

Measurements of inelastic electron cross sections from 25Mg at a backward angle and in the energy range 120 to 260 MeV are analyzed, and transverse form-factors results for the two lowest excited levels of the fundamental band were extracted. This new information is compared with rotational model calculations, in which the collective current contri...

Longitudinal and transverse electron scattering form factors for the 2+ state at 1.37 MeV of the 24Mg nucleus were evaluated with rotational model wave functions. Four different approaches were used for the transverse E2 form factor: projected Hartree Fock, cranking model, rigid rotor, and irrotational flow. For the nuclear intrinsic wave function,...

Electricity demand is growing rapidly in Brazil. More efficient use of electricity is cost effective, will reduce the need to construct costly new power plants, have positive environmental impacts, and provide other benefits. It is technically and economically feasible to reduce projected electricity consumption in 2000 by 20% through the purchase...

The Compton profiles of W, Ag, and Cu were measured for three scattering angles (30°, 15°, and 10°) using 137Cs gamma rays. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to reproduce the experimental situation. Double-scattering events are considered in the simulation and subtracted from the single profile when necessary. Good accordance with the theoretical m...

The Compton profile of Pb and Al was measured for three scattering angles (30°, 15°, 10°) using 137Cs γ rays. A three-dimensional geometric correction was included by means of a Monte Carlo simulation to take into account finite-size effects of the γ source, target, and detector. Double scattering events were considered in the simulation and subtra...

Brazil has a history of producing ethanol from sugarcane, a primary crop. Recent technological advances have enabled the ethanol program in Brazil to achieve substantial progress. Today, for example, ethanol-powered automobiles represent 90 percent of new car sales in Brazil. An analysis of ethanol production costs shows that the process has been r...

The results of continuing research on the radiant flash pyrolysis of biomass as a source of fluid fuels, industrial feedstocks and chemicals are described in this paper. Windowed free fall reactors have been developed, which act as cavity receivers for the focused radiant energy and provide a means for direct use of the radiation to rapidly pyrolyz...

A survey is made of the state of the art of the production ethanol from sugar cane and other crops and the problems and constraints involved on its use as an automotive fuel. The improved efficiency of modified internal combustion engines running on pure alcohol is discussed as well as pollution problems. It is shown that these problems are not agg...

The economic viability of forest biomass gasification in furnishing feedstocks for synfuels production in Brazil is argued, on grounds of high net energy yield (due to minimal use of mechanization in the cultivation of timber such as Eucalyptus) and the high efficiency of acid hydrolysis and fast pyrolysis methods already being used. A thermochemic...

Elastic scattering cross sections extracted for 412, 468, and 662 keV γ rays scattering by uranium, platinum, tungsten, barium, cadmium, and silver are reported at scattering angles from 30° to 130° using a Ge-Li detector. The results are compared with theoretical cross sections obtained from the Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater form-factor approximation...

Energy requirements to produce ethyl alcohol from three different crops in Brazil (sugarcane, cassava, and sweet sorghum) were calculated. Figures are presented for the agricultural and industrial phases. The industrial phase is always more energy-intensive, consuming from 60 to 75 percent of the total energy. Sugarcane is the more efficient crop f...

Elastic electron scattering cross sections of 25Mg were measured over a momentum transfer range from 0.19 to 2.56 fm-1 at both forward and backward angles. Information on all of the ground state multipole moments of both Coulomb and magnetic character has been obtained. NUCLEAR REACTIONS 25Mg(e,e), E=40.0-260 MeV, theta=28°-180° measured sigma(E,th...

Electron scattering cross sections have been measured at backward angles and momentum transfers where the M7 and M9 form factors are dominant. The measured cross sections are consistent with those predicted by single-particle calculations, and are reasonably reproduced by calculations which take into account the core-polarization effects required t...

Yield curves were measured for one neutron emission in 12C, 19F, 35Cl, and 65Cu, and for two neutron emission in 63Cu, with target stacks which were bombarded by electrons. The results were analyzed to compare the yields from the direct effect of the electrons with those resulting from bremsstrahlung from the electrons. The analysis was carried out...

Cross sections of the elastic scattering of electrons from 51V have been measured at 155° in the q region of 1.2 to 2.4 fm-1. The value of the M7 magnetic moment 505+/-30 muNfm6 and the oscillator parameter b=1.86+/-0.04 fm have been deduced.

The charge radii of 16,17,18O have been determined by elastic electron scattering using a gas target system. The result obtained is R17

All the benefits (environmental, social, strategic, macro-economic) of biomass as energy source are well-known, specially for Brazil, due to its huge sugarcane production, its developed pulp/paper industry and its large agricultural production. Also the barriers currently existing for further bioenergy projects implementation have been discussed by...

This paper will present the BEST project - BioEthanol for Sustainable Transport, developed by CENBIO-Brazilian Reference Center on Biomass. It's an European Union initiative, coordinated by the Stockholm City Hall, that aims to promote the ethanol usage, replacing diesel, in the urban public transport. Apart from São Paulo, leading city in the Amer...

The Brazil/US Aspen Global Forum on Climate Change Policies and Programs has facilitated a dialogue between key Brazil and US public and private sector leaders on the subject of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). With support from the US government, a cooperative effort between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of Sao Pau...

The PUREFA (Program of Rational Energy Use and Alternative Sources), compound by 14 purposes, is about a project of the USP - University of Sao Paulo, financial backer FINEP - Financier of Studies and Projects. This project had three main objectives: to implant measures of management and action of energy efficiency, to increase the distributed gene...

Last year a team of US and French scientists using the Odeillo (France) 1MW/sub th/ solar furnace showed concentrated solar radiation to be an effective means for rapidly volatilizing biomass materials. The results of continuing research in the U.S. on radiant flash pyrolysis of biomass as a source of fluid fuels, industrial feedstocks and chemical...

Resum o As comunidades isoladas se localizam nas regiões Norte e Nor-deste do país, que concentram a maior parte das comunidades bra-sileiras sem acesso à rede de distribuição de energia elétrica, mo-delo de fornecimento de eletricidade do Brasil. As regiões de baixa densidade populacional apresentam baixos índices de eletrificação em razão deste m...

This paper presents technical and economic informations related to the converison of biomass into ethanol fuel in Brazil. Extensive data are tabulated which are obtained through chemical analysis and evaluation of various raw materials. Energy and economic considerations are included. Detailed energy balance for sugar cane, sweet sorghum, cassava,...