José Luis LopezCentral University of Venezuela | UCV · Instituto de Mecánica de Fluido IMF
José Luis Lopez
Doctor of Philosophy
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Publications (65)
En este trabajo se analizan algunas inundaciones recientes que han ocurrido en Caracas y el litoral guaireño, y se intenta responder a la interrogante si ellas son debido al cambio climático o son una consecuencia de la intervención humana. A manera de introducción, se discuten los efectos de la deforestación y el urbanismo en las cuencas hidrográf...
El propósito del libro es introducir el apasionante mundo de la física del béisbol, escrito en un lenguaje sencillo de manera que pueda ser entendido por cualquier aficionado, no necesariamente un especialista en física o matemática. Algunos aspectos más técnicos se presentan en anexos al final del libro para la consulta de lectores interesados en...
RESUMEN Se desarrolló un modelo matemático en tres dimensiones (3D) para determinar la trayectoria de una pelota esférica usando los principios de la física. En el modelo se incorporan las tres componentes de rotación de la pelota que se pueden desarrollar durante el vuelo. El modelo puede ser aplicado a cualquier deporte siempre que se usen los co...
A portable, educational, hydraulic-torrential micromodel has been designed and built, which is a small-scale replica of a torrential channel, reproducing the gorge and the alluvial fan, where the urban area is located. The micromodel qualitatively reproduces the processes of erosion, transport and deposition of sediments, linked to the occurrence o...
RESUMEN Se presentan los principios físicos que gobiernan el movimiento de la pelota de béisbol y se formula un modelo matemático para reproducir en el espacio y en el tiempo el vuelo de la bola. Las ecuaciones diferenciales no lineales que describen el problema son resueltas por diferencias finitas para determinar la trayectoria de la pelota y eva...
The Casiquiare River is a natural channel that connects two of the greatest rivers in the world, the Orinoco and the Amazon in the South American continent. The aim of this paper is to present a review and synthesis of the hydrological and sedimentological knowledge of the Casiquiare River, including the first hydro-sedimentary balance of the Casiq...
The Casiquiare River is a natural channel that connects two of the greatest rivers in the world, the Orinoco and the Amazon in the South American Continent. The aim of this paper is to present a review and synthesis of the hydrological and sedimentological knowledge of the Casiquiare River, including the first hydro-sedimentary balance of the Casiq...
The Casiquiare River is a natural channel that connects two of the greatest rivers in the world, the Orinoco and the Amazon in the South American Continent. The aim of this paper is to present a review and synthesis of the hydrological and sedimentological knowledge of the Casiquiare River, including the first hydro-sedimentary balance of the Casiq...
THE EXTRAORDINARY FLOOD OF THE ORINOCO RIVER IN 2018
The Orinoco River is considered the third most important river in the world in discharge (37,600 m^3.s^-1) with a surface of 1x10^6 km^2. The river originates from southwestern part of Guiana Shield, on the western slopes of Sierra Parima Mountains with maximum elevation of 1047 m. As a result of precipitation regime and distribution, the annual hy...
The Orinoco River has the third largest discharge in the world, with an
annual mean flow of 37 600 m3 s−1 at its outlet to the Atlantic
Ocean. Due to the presence of the Guiana Shield on the right bank, the lower
reach of the Orinoco has a plan form characterized by contraction and
expansion zones. Typical 1–1.5 km wide narrow reaches are followed...
The Orinoco River has the third largest discharge in the world, with an annual mean flow of 37 600 m 3 s −1 at its outlet to the Atlantic Ocean. Due to the presence of the Guiana Shield on the right bank, the lower reach of the Orinoco has a plan form characterized by contraction and expansion zones. Typical 1-1.5 km wide narrow reaches are followe...
In this study, 81 Landsat-8 scenes acquired from 2013 to 2015, were used to estimate the Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) in the Orinoco River at its main hydrological station at Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela. This gauging station monitors an upstream area corresponding to 89% of the total catchment area where the mean discharge is of 33,000 m3 s...
(1) Cuantificar el volumen (erosión versus depositación) de una barra de canal medio, aplicando mapas de diferencia de DEMs (DoD) y detección de cambio basados en series temporales de datos topo-batimétricos de alto detalle. (2) Comprender los mecanismos de formación y evolución de las dunas de arenas y barras en esta sección del río.
In this article the home run hit by Andrés Galarraga
at the Florida Marlins’ home stadium in 1997 is analyzed.
Assigned initially at 529, feet it was considered
one of the longest in major league baseball history, but
the distance estimate was later lowered to 468 feet.
A mathematical model is developed to determine the
trajectory of the ball using...
The Orinoco River is the third largest flow-discharge-river in the world with an average water flow of 37,600 m3s-1. Due to the presence of the Guyana shield on the right bank, the lower reach of the Orinoco presents a plan form characterized by alternance of contraction and expansion zones (Laraque et al., 2013). Typical 1-1.5 km width narrow reac...
The Orinoco River is the third largest flow-discharge-river in the world with an average water flow of 37,600 m3s-1. Due to the presence of the Guyana shield on the right bank, the lower reach of the Orinoco presents a plan form characterized by alternance of contraction and expansion zones (Laraque et al., 2013). Typical 1-1.5 km width narrow reac...
En este capítulo se discute sobre la geomorfología del cauce principal del bajo Orinoco, la dinámica del sedimento total suspendido, las variaciones de sus flujos entre los períodos 1975-1985 y 2006- 2010, y la geoquímica de elementos mayoritarios y traza entre los años 2003-2008 y 2007-2008, respectivamente. Cálculos recientes del flujo del materi...
En este capítulo se discute sobre la geomorfología del cauce principal del bajo Orinoco, la dinámica del sedimento total suspendido, las variaciones de sus flujos entre los períodos 1975-1985 y 2006-2010, y la geoquímica de elementos mayoritarios y traza entre los años 2003-2008 y 2007-2008, respectivamente. Cálculos recientes del flujo del materia...
RESUMEN Para la hidráulica fluvial es importante monitorear el transporte de sedimentos en un río, esta tarea implica realizar costosas campañas de mediciones hidrológicas y sedimentológicas. Una alternativa planteada ha sido el empleo de sensores remotos, los cuales muestrean la radiación que reflejan los cuerpos (reflectancia) en la superficie de...
RESUMEN: La cuenca del embalse Santo Domingo en el estado Mérida, Venezuela, ha sufrido un deterioro acelerado durante los últimos años debido al incremento de las actividades agrícolas, desarrollos urbanos y construcción de caminos y carreteras, aunado a la presencia de la falla de Boconó que le imprime una alta sensibilidad a la ocurrencia de des...
RESUMEN: La capacidad de almacenamiento del embalse Santo Domingo, construido en 1974 para suplir las demandas de energía eléctrica en el occidente de Venezuela, se ha visto grandemente reducida en los últimos años debido a los excesivos aportes de sedimentos de la cuenca a consecuencia de la creciente intervención de su hoya hidrográfica. Los sedi...
Le Service National d’Observation HYBAM sur les grands fleuves du bassin Atlantique : un dispositif de recherche en coopération Sud-Sud-Nord
Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) is a very important indicator of the river sediment transport and water quality variation. In this study, 81 LANDSAT-8 scenes between the years 2013-2015, were used to estimate the SSC in the Orinoco River at its main hydrological station at Ciudad Bolivar. This gauging station monitors an upstream area corres...
8.1. Las inundaciones en Venezuela.
8.1.1. Causas y tipos de inundaciones.
8.1.2. Las inundaciones frecuentes en el territorio venezolano y su distribución espacial.
8.1.3. Ocurrencia de tormentas tropicales y huracanes en Venezuela.
8.1.4. Inundaciones ocurridas en el año 1976, que afectaron la mayor parte del territorio nacional.
8.1.5. Inundacio...
This study compares the total suspended sediment (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics of two major inter-tropical rivers, the Congo in Central Africa and the Orinoco in South America, focusing on sampling undertaken during the period 2006–2010. Both rivers are characterized by similar mean annual discharg...
The extraordinary storm and debris flows that took place along the state of Vargas in December 1999 caused the worst meteorological disaster that has been recorded in Venezuela. In this paper a critical and constructive assessment on the debris-flow mitigation measures implemented between 2000 and 2010 in Vargas is presented. Initially a retrospect...
This study compares the total suspended sediment (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics of two major inter-tropical rivers, the Congo in Central Africa and the Orinoco in South America, focusing on sampling undertaken during the period 2006–2010. Both rivers are characterized by similar mean annual discharg...
Introduction
Le projet V07U02 a été accepté pour quatre ans à compter du 1er avril 2007.
Objectifs :
Etudier les relations entre les processus hydro-géomorphologiques et le fonctionnement écologique des systèmes riverains d‟un fleuve tropical, l‟Orénoque, par une démarche pluridisciplinaire. Les recherches sont menées sur l‟Orénoque aval, au sein d...
The determination of the sediment yield in mountain basins is an important task in water resources management, and also in the design of hydraulic works. The estimates of sediment yield are usually obtained by considering mainly the suspended sediment, neglecting or assigning a proportion to the material that is transported as bed load. The paper's...
The catastrophic debris flows that occurred along the State of Vargas in 1999 left many lessons to the Venezuelan people. The human losses could have been minimized if some mitigation and prevention measures had been implemented. In this paper, different strategies for protecting against debris flows are discussed, establishing a distinction betwee...
The removal of bed material from active river channels usually affects the bed profile of the streambed, causing progressive
degradation upstream and downstream of the extraction site. These effects can extend for kilometers affecting hydraulic structures
located in the vicinity of the river reach. In this paper, the geomorphic effects of gravel mi...
In this paper a general hydrologic and geomorphological evaluation of the debris flows that took place in December 1999 in Venezuela is presented. First, the major debris flow events that have occurred in Venezuela and other Latin-American countries are summarized, and then the hydrological and geomorphologic processes, associated with the 1999 dis...
This article proposes a methodology to delineate hazard maps due to mud and debris flow events, based on the application of the FLO-2D model. The methodology includes criteria to define potential flood hazard depending on the event frequency and intensity. Several processor programs complement the use of the FLO-2D model and automate the process of...
The December 1999 3-day storm along the north-central coast of Venezuela initiated widespread landslides that evolved into mud and debris flows in watersheds throughout the coastal State of Vargas. One of the many urbanized alluvial fans impacted by flooding and debris flows was the community of Tanaguarena at the mouth of the Cerro Grande River ca...
The torrential flows that occurred in Venezuela in December 1999 produced the worst natural disaster in this country and maybe in Latin America. In this paper a general overview of the debris flows that took place in about 20 streams along the north central Venezuelan coast is presented. First, the major debris flow events that have occurred in Ven...
Abstrac t '!be numerical simulation of flow and sediment movement ln multiple connected networks of chan neIs is not simple due to fue interactlon between flow hydraulics and sediment transport that occur in the different branches. In this paper, a numerical m odel is proposed to esUmate the bed varia tions in braided rtvers, uslng the most recent...
Simulation of flow and sediment transport in mountain streams is complicated by the presence of high gradients, abrupt changes in geometry, variations in regime of flow, and large roughness elements. Most of the numerical models to predict aggradation and degradation in alluvial channels have been developed for low-gradient rivers. This paper is de...
A numerical model is presented to simulate sediment transport and deposition patterns in a concrete channel of steep slope. The model considers a composite trapezoidal cross-section and accounts for the presence of a sediment layer on the bed that may have an important effect in the calculation of friction factors and sediment loads. A study case i...
When a dam is constructed across a river basin to form a reservoir the velocity of the flow in the reservoir is reduced and the sediment transported by the river is deposited. These deposits accumulate to form deltas. Estimation of the sedimentation rates and the amount and location of sediment accumulations are required by engineers in the design...
RESUMEN En este trabajo se desarrolla un modelo numérico para la simulación del flujo torrencial y el transporte de sedimentos en canales de alta pendiente en presencia de presas abiertas o cerradas para retención de sedimentos. Se utiliza el esquema de MacCormack-TVD para resolver simultáneamente las ecuaciones de continuidad y cantidad de movimie...
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING IN VENEZUELA AT THE DAWN OF THE NEW CENTURY In this paper, a critical review of hydraulic research activities that take place in Venezuela is made. First, the main hydraulic problems in Venezuela are identified and a list of priority projects are established, in order to concentrate efforts and reso...
INTRODUCTION Venezuela is located in the northern part of South America between 1º and 12º North. The north coastal range of Venezuela runs parallel to the Caribbean Sea attaining elevations of up to 2,800 m above sea level. Mountains are very steep descending to sea level in a horizontal distance between 6 and 10 km. In the coastal areas, urban an...
