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Introduction
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September 2004 - March 2014
June 1999 - June 2002
Publications
Publications (61)
Background:
Growing evidence of lower physical activity (PA), higher sedentary behavior, and prevalence of overweight and obesity in African countries calls for more research on PA behavior and its various correlates in this context. This study examined the proportion of adults meeting World Health Organization PA guidelines from 3 urban regions o...
Early career researchers at African universities face numerous challenges and demands within a context of minimum resources; yet on the other hand, there is significant expectation for doing excellent science that is of high quality with integrity, while aligning science with societal goals. Furthermore, there is also expectation to increase output...
Africa's focus on science, technology, and innovation (STI) has grown over the last decade, with emerging examples of good practice. There are however numerous challenges to sustainable development in Africa; for example, inequalities within and among African countries are rising and enormous disparities of opportunity, wealth, and power persist. W...
A wide range of dry beans and other pulses are produced and consumed in Africa. In most African countries pulses are referred to as “poor man's meat.” These legume crops are grown for subsistence and consumed by most families in Africa almost on a daily basis. In recent years, many gains have been made for example with iron bio-fortification, fast...
Cassava was domesticated in the Amazon Basin, where Native Americans selected many bitter varieties, and devised methods for detoxifying them. Cassava reached Africa in the sixteenth century, where rural people soon learned to remove the cyanogenic toxins, e.g., by drying and fermenting the roots. Processing cassava to remove the cyanogenic toxins...
This article examines the early-and mid-career transition to research leadership in Africa. Much of the available African literature on research leadership indicate several challenges related to poor conceptualisations of career transitions and gaps in the availability of research training. Qualitative data were collected using individual interview...
This article examines the early-and mid-career transition to research leadership in Africa. Much of the available African literature on research leadership indicate several challenges related to poor conceptualisations of career transitions and gaps in the availability of research training. Qualitative data were collected using individual interview...
Edible insects have gained popularity as alternative food resources in the face of climate change and increasing carbon and environmental footprints associated with conventional agricultural production. Among the positive attributes that make edible insects suitable as food and feed substrates include rapid reproduction, high energy conversion effi...
Dietary patterns and their association with general and central obesity among adult women were studied using a cross-sectional survey with multistage cluster sampling in urban and rural areas nationwide in Botswana. The participants in the study were adult women (N = 1019), 18-75 years old. The dietary patterns were identified using principal compo...
In the furtherance of knowledge, researchers and research are supported organizationally, but sometimes organically. Yet the research enterprise needs to be systemically managed. Research managers, however, are still striving to define their functions. Is research management part of the continuum of research itself ? Is it an occupation? Is it a pr...
This chapter discusses the food safety and quality considerations for cassava (Manihot esculenta), a major staple across the developing world and one that is attracting increasing interest from developed country markets and consumers, as well as policy makers. It includes discussions on the agronomy and agricultural production, the types of cassava...
This chapter reviews the production and consumption, postharvest physiology, storage and shelf-life, physicochemical and nutritional characteristics, as well as the major value-added products made from cassava. It provides figures on cassava production, areas harvested and yield/hectare in Africa, South and Central America, the Caribbean, Asia, and...
The renewed focus on reducing global hunger, with the parallel objectives of increasing agricultural sector growth and improving the nutritional status of vulnerable groups, has given new energy to thinking creatively about how to achieve food security through coordinated planning and actions. The role that emerging indigenous crops in developing c...
Spectroscopic techniques utilizing FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral fingerprints of the neat oils, as well as standard titrimetric and GC–MS analyses were all employed to determine the quality parameters and fatty acid (FA) profiles for Soxhlet-extracted seed oils of four indigenous plants from Botswana: Tylosema esculentum (morama), Schinziophyton ra...
Objective
Despite existing evidence about the benefits of nutrition, physical activity (PA) and sport to the overall health and wellbeing of children, knowledge gaps remain on this relationship in children living with chronic conditions like HIV/AIDS. Such knowledge should inform context specific programs that could enhance the quality of life of c...
Fruits and vegetables from developing countries that have been a part of traditional diets and are now entering international commerce but contain natural toxins need to be properly characterized. It is important to understand where the toxin is located in the fruit, what influences the level of the toxin, and the mechanism of natural detoxificatio...
Tylosema esculentum (morama) is a highly valued traditional food and source of medicine for the San and other indigenous populations that inhabit the arid to semi-arid parts of Southern Africa. Morama beans are a rich source of phenolic acids, flavonoids, certain fatty acids, non-essential amino acids, certain phytosterols, tannins and minerals. Th...
Many common foods that are widely consumed in temperate countries contain natural toxins. These include potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), which contain glycoalkaloids; rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum), which contains
oxalic acid and anthraquinones; and eggplant (aubergine – Solanum melongena), which contains histamines. Consumption of these foods has not be...
Purpose
– Identifying and addressing poor nutritional status in school-aged children is often not prioritized relative to HIV/AIDS treatment. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the benefits of integrating nutrition (assessment and culturally acceptable food supplement intervention) in the treatment strategy for this target group.
Design/met...
Papaya, a nutritious tropical fruit, is consumed both in its fresh form and as a processed product worldwide. Major quality indices which include firmness, acidity, pH, colour and size, are cultivar dependent. Transgenic papayas engineered for resistance to Papaya ringspot virus were evaluated over the ripening period to address physicochemical qua...
Wild Fruits of Africa (Pty) Ltd (hereafter referred to as Wild Fruits) is an emerging agribusiness based outside Gaborone, the capital of Botswana. Frank Taylor, the CEO, has spent much of his life researching indigenous plants, and is currently commercializing natural food products made from local fruits. Wild Fruits collects wild fruits harvested...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the quality of porridge made from cereal legume composite flour and to compare with a porridge that it is traditionally eaten.
Design/methodology/approach
The nutritional composition as well as protein, microbiological, and sensory quality of porridge from a sorghum bean composite flour was assessed an...
Morama bean (Tylosema esculentum) is one of the wild legumes that grow in some parts of the Southern African countries like Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. A descriptive survey research design was conducted to assess consumers' knowledge, perceptions and utilization of Morama bean in Botswana. A structured questionnaire was used for face to fac...
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to study the microbiological profile of the ackee fruit during maturation.
Design/methodology/approach
Ackees at ripening stage five, mature but unopened, were allowed to ripen naturally on the trees or on ripening racks used in commercial processing. The microbiological profile of fruits from this stage to that wh...
Morama bean (Tylosema esculentum) is an indigenous bean of the Kalahari region of Botswana. It has high nutritional content and is believed to also contain high levels of phytonutrients. The bean is traditionally eaten roasted as a snack but there is increasing emphasis to develop other innovative high value morama products, while maintaining its h...
Introduction. The purpose of this study was to examine linkages between obesity, physical activity, and body image dissatisfaction, with consideration of socioeconomic status (SES) and urbanization in adolescents in Botswana.
Materials and Methods. A nationally representative, cross-sectional survey in 707 secondary school students included measur...
Objectives: Data on the glycaemic index (GI) of foods commonly consumed in Botswana are lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate the GI of some of the staple carbohydrate-rich foods eaten in Botswana. Design, setting and subjects: Fifty university student volunteers were divided into five groups. Members of each group consumed different test fo...
Objective:
To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a 122-item interviewer administered quantitative FFQ developed to determine food and nutrient intakes of adults in Botswana.
Design:
Relative validity of the FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrient and food group intakes against four non-consecutive 24 h recalls administered over 12 mont...
This chapter presents the various cooking and processing methods that have been used for common beans and pulses in African communities. The application of food science and technology principles to legume processing is discussed. Legume utilization in Eastern, Western and Southern Africa is reviewed, especially, foods based on both conventional and...
Studies were carried out on cookies prepared by incorporating morama flour (10%, 20% and 30%) into wheat flour. The cookies including a 100% wheat flour as a control were evaluated for their physical, chemical, nutritional, textural and sensory characteristics. All of the cookie samples showed high fiber, mineral and protein contents when compared...
The purpose of this study was to examine two separate socioeconomic status (SES) indicators of obesity in Botswana, an African country that has experienced rapid economic development and where the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome is high.
We conducted a nationally representative, cross-sectional study o...
Objective:
To describe patterns of food consumption associated with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and their links to socio-economic status (SES) and urbanization.
Design:
A nationwide cross-sectional survey.
Setting:
Secondary schools in cities, towns and villages in Botswana, Africa.
Subjects:
A total of 746 adolescent schoolchildren.
Results...
The study's objectives were to gain school personnel's (1) perceptions on diet, physical activity, body size, and obesity, (2) description of school food and physical activity practices, and (3) recommendations for programs to prevent adolescent obesity. The study took place in six junior secondary schools of varying socioeconomic status in Gaboron...
In Botswana, as in many developing countries, food fortification is a potential strategy for addressing the malnutrition of low income groups. This article examines the potential costs of mandatory fortification of sorghum and maize flour for firms in Botswana. The results indicate that unit average fortification costs in pula per metric ton of flo...
Bean and tuber extracts of Tylosema esculentum (marama) - an African creeping plant - were obtained using ethanol, methanol and water. Based on information that T. esculentum is used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases, the antibacterial and anticandidal effects of tuber and bean extracts were investigated. The antimicrobial activit...
Tylosema esculentum (marama) beans and tubers are used as food, and traditional medicine against diarrhoea in Southern Africa. Rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of diarrhoea among infants, young children, immunocompromised people, and domesticated animals. Our work is first to determine anti-RV activity of marama bean and tuber ethanol and water...
The morama bean is an underutilized leguminous oilseed native to the Kalahari Desert and neighboring sandy regions of Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa (Limpopo, North-West, Gauteng, and Northern Cape provinces), and forms part of the diet of the indigenous population in these countries. It is also known as gemsbok bean, moramaboontjie, elandboon...
Studies conducted in the early 1990s by the Ministry of Health in Botswana among children and women of childbearing age revealed widespread malnutrition problems in that country. Fortification of food is viewed as a means of overcoming some of the problems associated with poor nutrition. This study analyses the market for fortified cereal foods in...
Three varieties of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) were analyzed for total phenolic, monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity at five stages of maturity. The varieties designated traditional red (TRED), early bearing red (ERED) and white (WHTE) were sampled at the pre-flowering stage, as well as 3 days, 7 days, 21 days and 35 days after floweri...
Cereal-legume protein complementation has long been recommended as a suitable strategy for augmenting the protein quality of cereal and legume based foods. However, the use of the insoluble legume residue, following protein extraction for cereal-legume protein complementation has not been widely studied. In fact, legume residue is considered a wast...
BACKGROUND: Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) production is limited by over 20 viruses, the most damaging of which is papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). Owing to a lack of suitable PRSV‐resistant sources in Carica germplasm, transgenic resistance using the coat protein ( cp ) gene of a local PRSV strain is being developed to manage the disease in Jamaica. For...
Marama milk was processed from the marama bean, an indigenous bean native to the Kalahari and neighbouring sandy regions of Southern Africa. The bean has become of interest to Botswana firstly because it grows with minimum effort under semi-arid conditions, both the seeds and tubers are of nutritional significance and because there is increasing em...
Researchers and others involved in the research enterprise from 12 African countries met with those working in ethics
and oversight in the United States as part of an effort to develop research ethics capacity. Drawing on a wealth of
experience among participants, discussions at the meeting revealed five categories of issues that warrant careful
at...
The antioxidant activity of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of three varieties of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa), as well as their potential for reducing blood viscosity, were studied in vitro. The samples screened were two red [(traditional red (TRED) and early bearing red (ERED)] and one white (WHTE) mature Hibiscus varieties. Antio...
Whole green bananas were blanched in water at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100°C for 2, 15, and 30 min using a factorial design then peeled, sliced and fried in oil to make chips. Crispness was measured using a bending-snapping test in the TA.XT2 Texture Analyzer. Significant interactions were found between blanch time and temperature and crispness of c...
Hypoglycin A, the toxin found in the ackee fruit, has been reported in the literature as the causative agent in incidences of acute toxicity termed Jamaican vomiting sickness or toxic hypoglycemic syndrome. Hypoglycin A toxicity in this study was determined by feeding male and female Sprague-Dawley rats a control diet and ackee diets that contained...
Dietary exposure to hypoglycin (HG), the natural toxin found in the ackee fruit of Jamaica, was determined for children and adults using ackee consumption data and quantifying HG levels in typical ackee diets. Ackee consumption was highest in the lower socio-economic group, particularly in children. HG occurrence levels in typical ackee diets range...
Changes in chemical composition of coconut (Cocos nucifera) water, including total and soluble solids, titratable acidity (as citric acid), turbidity, ash, lipids and sugars, were investigated in four varieties of coconuts at four stages of maturity of the fruit. The most significant change was observed in the volume of nut water, which increased d...
Home interviews of 110 randomly selected householders representing three distinct socio-economic groups in North Central St Andrew, an urban community in Jamaica, were conducted during January-March 1999. Respondents were interviewed about their awareness of safe food handling, risk perception, food handling practices and attitude to food safety is...
"Copyright by Jose Candace Jackson, 1999"--Leaf [iv]. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Food Sciences & Human Nutrition, 1999. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-217).