About
317
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Introduction
My interests and convictions bridge research, education, and social-ecological action. Our work fosters inter- and transdisciplinary approaches, integrating concepts and tools from the natural and social sciences, with a critical contribution from the humanities and local knowledge. These approaches aim to study and strengthen the resilience of complex social-ecological systems. My work focuses on forests, mountains, agroforests, and small-scale agricultural systems.
Current institution
Additional affiliations
January 2022 - May 2023
January 2022 - present
Cape Horn International Center for Global Change Studies and Biocultural Conservation (CHIC)
Position
- Investigador Principal
Editor roles
Revista Chilena de Ornitología
Position
- Editor Asociado
Journal of Ethnobiology
Position
- Associate Editor
Education
September 2010 - May 2015
September 2009 - September 2010
University of Kent
Field of study
- Environmental Anthropology
March 2005 - August 2007
Publications
Publications (317)
Bosquentrama: la emergencia de un observatorio para articular la protección y regeneración socioecológica de los bosques nativos de Chile Bosquentrama: the emergence of an observatory to articulate the protection and social-ecological regeneration of native forests of Chile Reyes, R.; Razeto, J.; Parra, P.; Cifuentes, C.; Valpreda, J.; Aedo, Y.; Pa...
Transdisciplina: una propuesta participativa para enfrentar las crisis socioecológicas por la agricultura familiar campesina Transdisciplinary as a participatory approach to face the social-ecologicalcrises of family farming Palabras claves: políticas públicas, crisis, metodologías Resumen: Las crisis socioecológicas impactan a todos los sectores d...
En las últimas décadas, los cambios socioecológicos han amenazado los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales y los medios de vida que los sustentan. Los agricultores familiares, responsables de al menos un tercio de la producción alimentaria mundial, son particularmente vulnerables a estas transformaciones debido a desventajas estructurales y marginaliza...
Biocultural approaches for conservation weave knowledge systems of both Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IP&LCs) with scientific insights to address environmental justice and promote local and global sustainability. Enduring people-nature relationships, particularly through wetland birds, hold both ecological and cultural significance that...
Indigenous Peoples and local communities with nature-dependent livelihoods are disproportionately affected by climate change impacts, but their experience, knowledge and needs receive inadequate attention in climate research and policy. Here, we discuss three key findings of a collaborative research consortium arising from the Local Indicators of C...
Agricultural systems are dynamic social-ecological systems which are rarely examined under relational approaches. The analysis of seed exchange networks represents a growing empirical pathway to relational thinking for examining the resilience of social-ecological agricultural systems and their dynamic cycles. We conducted a literature review to (i...
In the southern Andes, the homegardens of Mapuche and non-Mapuche campesinos coexist with those of an increasing number of migrants. In this chapter, we explore the agrobiodiversity, sources of learning, management practices, and sovereignty in 100 homegardens (50 kept by campesinos and 50 by migrants) in the La Araucanía Region, southern Andes of...
In recent decades, the pace of change in social-ecological systems has accelerated. The adverse effects of climate variability and extreme events put increasing pressure on rural small-scale farmers’ households whose livelihoods depend on nature. However, socioeconomic, political, and institutional changes also affect this group,responsible for pro...
Versión en español de: Bonaparte et al. (2024) Rural children know cavity-nesting birds of the Atlantic Forest but may underappreciate their critical habitat. Ornithological Applications.
Las aves que anidan en cavidades son una comunidad diversa y carismática, con una necesidad común de cavidades en árboles que las hace vulnerables al manejo del...
Cavity-nesting birds are a diverse and charismatic community, with a common need for tree cavities that makes them vulnerable to land management by humans. However, little research has formally integrated human social aspects into management recommendations for the conservation of cavity-nesting birds. In agroecosystems, people's management decisio...
Cavity-nesting birds are a diverse and charismatic community, with a common need for tree cavities that makes them vulnerable to land management by humans. However, little research has formally integrated human social aspects into management recommendations for the conservation of cavity-nesting birds. In agroecosystems, people's management decisio...
Ecosystem engineers are organisms that impact their environment and co-existing species by creating or modifying habitats, and thus they play important roles as drivers of community assembly. We examined whether cavity characteristics and/or habitat attributes associated with cavities provided by 4 ecosystem engineers influence the presence of nest...
There is ongoing debate among conservationists regarding the value of small habitat patches to sustain wild populations in farmlands. Our goal was to assess bird abundance in riparian forests differing in terms of size, configuration, landscape conditions and degradation level, to both inform the debate and to identify conservation strategies to ma...
Las relaciones entre la gente y los árboles se construyen y reconstruyen continuamente en sistemas socioecológicos situados. En los estudios sobre sistemas socioecológicos vinculados con árboles, comúnmente encontramos dos enfoques: el primero se centra en ‘entidades biológicas’, examinando la dinámica ecológica de las especies de árboles y la biod...
Cavity-nesting bird populations are most frequently limited by the number of tree cavities available in second-growth forests. However, this possible limitation of a key resource is less clear in old-growth forests. We compared forest attributes (i.e., basal area, density of larger trees, density of dead trees, and tree cavity density) in second-gr...
Small-scale agricultural systems are dynamic social-ecological systems (SES) that are vulnerable to global changes but are rarely examined using network analysis. These SES play a critical role in food supply, yet little attention has been paid to understanding how these SES learn and incorporate new information in response to broader social-ecolog...
Global social-ecological crises call for the identification and promotion of resilient agrifood systems. Agroecology can help addressing these challenges by fostering high levels of diversity, strengthen social cohesion and promote adaptations to climate change. The application of agroecological principles (i.e. social-ecological processes translat...
The simplification of forest structural complexity, caused by anthropogenic land-use practices, is one of the main threats to understory specialist birds. We examined the association of forest habitat attributes and structural complexity with the density of four understory bird species in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot in South America. Between 2011...
La nostalgia es un proceso afectivo que permite analizar los vínculos socioculturales y ecológicos con los paisajes en el contexto del Antropoceno, una época geológica caracterizada por el cambio climático, la dispersión y establecimiento acelerado de especies exóticas en nuevos ecosistemas, entre otros fenómenos que impactan la diversidad biológic...
Los agroecosistemas son vulnerables a los cambios globales y experimentan constantes procesos de adaptación, transformación y aprendizaje. Comprender cómo las comunidades agrícolas afrontan estos cambios y aprenden de ellos es necesario para fortalecer la diversidad de los sistemas que las sustentan, anticipando el riesgo de la homogeneización bioc...
While ethnobiology is a discipline that focuses on the local, it has an outstanding, but not yet fully realized potential to address global issues. Part of this unrealized potential is that universalistic approaches often do not fully recognize culturally grounded perspectives and there are multiple challenges with scaling up place-based research....
Small-scale farming is responsible for producing at least one-third of the world’s food (Lowder et al., 2021; Ricciardi et al., 2018). However, food security, livelihoods, and local knowledge of small-scale farmers are threatened due to rapid social-ecological changes (e.g., climate change, deforestation, modernization; Pelletier et al., 2016). Giv...
The sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion is one of the most pristine wilderness areas remaining on the planet, and is home to the southernmost forest ecosystems in the world, which are protected by the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR). In these forests, birds are the group of vertebrates with the largest number of species. However, essential aspect...
The Anthropocene concept raises awareness of human-induced planetary changes but is criticized for being ‘too global’. We examined the social–ecological memory that emerges from people-tree relationships in South American temperate territories, Chile. We integrated dendrochronology (analysis of tree rings of 35 memorial trees; 17 species) with dend...
Animals select their habitats from available resources in a way that should maximize fitness, and thus habitat preferences are generally predicted to be adaptive. However, there may be a mismatch between habitat preferences and fitness due to factors such as limited availability or disturbance of breeding habitats. In this study, we examine whether...
The effects of climate change depend on specific local circumstances, posing a challenge for worldwide research to comprehensively encompass the diverse impacts on various local social-ecological systems. Here we use a place-specific but cross-culturally comparable protocol to document climate change indicators and impacts as locally experienced an...
Peasant family farming is characterized by its resilience to change, although it is exposed to drivers of socio-environmental transformation. We study the historical and contemporary drivers of change that have influenced the loss of biocultural heritage in the Rilán peninsula, a rural space in the Chiloe archipelago, in southern Chile that has bee...
El actual escenario de Cambio Ambiental Global conlleva rápidas transformaciones socioecológicas. Entre ellas están las variaciones en el clima y en dimensiones ecológicas, socioeconómicas, políticas e institucionales (Montaña, 2013), impactando a las comunidades locales. Las y los pequeños agricultores, productores de un tercio de los alimentos a...
Desde hace varios años la agricultura campesina se enfrenta a cambios globales que ponen en riesgo su funcionamiento. Entre estos, podemos encontrar variaciones en el clima, como también otros procesos globales vinculados a dimensiones ecológicas, socioeconómicas, políticas, institucionales y culturales (Montaña, 2013). Un enfoque para comprender c...
Current social-ecological changes affect territories and people's livelihoods worldwide. Many of these changes have detrimental effects on small-scale agricultural systems, with concomitant negative consequences on global and local food security and sovereignty. The objectives of this study were to explore (i) local knowledge on social-ecological c...
Los agroecosistemas son vulnerables a los cambios globales y experimentan constantes procesos de adaptación, transformación y aprendizaje. Comprender cómo las comunidades agrícolas afrontan estos cambios y aprenden de ellos es necesario para fortalecer la resiliencia de los sistemas que las sustentan. Las redes sociales presentes en los agroecosist...
Los porotos (Phaseolus vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. lunatus) forman parte importante de la herencia biocultural del sur de Sudamérica en Wallmapu. El proyecto Porotarium Austral surgió en 2021, liderado por un grupo multidisciplinario de mujeres, para revalorizar las variedades tradicionales de porotos y el oficio de la mujer campesina a través del v...
La presente investigación (aún en etapa de diseño) propone comprender los procesos de patrimonialización de productos agroalimentarios en la zona sur de Chile, a través de las categorías de nostalgia y paisaje. Se busca teorizar sobre la nostalgia como noción que moviliza la creación del patrimonio (Berliner, 2012) y como proceso afectivo que permi...
La noción de Cambio Ambiental Global (CAG) (Montaña, 2013) corresponde a un enfoque relacional que entiende que el Cambio Climático trasciende las dimensiones biofísicas, afectando los medios de subsistencia y bienestar de las comunidades campesinas e indígenas. No obstante, a lo largo de la historia, dichas comunidades han experimentado y respondi...
Actualmente, la crisis climática, los acelerados procesos de privatización de la tierra, el legado de la colonización y el desarrollo de áreas protegidas con enfoque de preservación estricta, entre otros, han reducido cada vez más los espacios y prácticas de recolección de productos forestales no madereros. En los bosques templados andinos del sur...
La agricultura familiar campesina (AFC) en Chile, se ha enfrentado a diversos impulsores de cambio a lo largo de su historia. De acuerdo a Ibarra et al (2019), estos incluyen la homogeneización de la sociedad, la migración de zonas rurales a urbanas, la escasez de mano de obra, la falta de apoyo gubernamental y la escasez hídrica. Estos impulsores...
Global social-ecological crises call for the identification and promotion of resilient agrifood systems. Agroecology can help addressing these challenges by fostering high levels of diversity and climate resilience. The application of agroecological principles (i.e. social-ecological processes translated into practices with positive effects on the...
En este artículo presentamos los circuitos cortos de comercialización (CCC), con base en la economía solidaria, para el desarrollo de una política pública que fortalezca a la agricultura familiar campesina (AFC).
El contenido se divide en cuatro secciones. En la prime- ra, ofrecemos un marco conceptual sobre las crisis que afectan a los sistemas a...
The simplification of forest structural complexity, caused by anthropogenic land-use practices, is one of the main threats to understory specialist birds. We examined the association of both single structural attributes and structural complexity, with the density of 4 understory bird species in the Global Biodiversity Hotspot “Chilean Winter Rainfa...
Addressing the shocks of global crises requires that scientists, policymakers, and Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities work together to enable communities to withstand and adapt to disturbances. On the basis of our experiences in the Andes, we propose the ‘10-step cycle of transdisciplinarity’ for designing projects to build social-ecological...
Global initiatives to restore habitats aim to improve ecosystem health; however, restoration programs are challenged with balancing human needs with ecological restoration objectives. To advise programs that aim to restore forest in farmlands and complement other analyses on ecologically-based reference sites, we (1) identified species with sociocu...
In a context of global social–ecological crises, a growing number of researchers, policymakers, activists and politicians have given importance to the “commons”. This is mainly because the commons are associated with a logic of regulation and collective organization over the use and conservation of those goods considered essential for both human an...
Biocultural homogenization is a wicked problem that implies the loss of biological and cultural diversity at different scales. It is promoted by globalized one-dimensional ways of thinking that ignore the biophysical and cultural singularities of the heterogeneous regions of the planet. In Chile, we find ecoregions as diverse as the arid Norte Gran...
La simplificación de la complejidad estructural de los bosques, causada por las prácticas antropogénicas de uso del suelo, es una de las principales amenazas para las aves especialistas del sotobosque. Examinamos la asociación de los atributos del hábitat forestal y la complejidad estructural con la densidad de cuatro especies de aves del sotobosqu...
The forest of Araucaria araucana (“pewen” in Mapuche language), with its associated species of the genus Nothofagus, is unique from an evolutionary, biological and sociocultural point of view. Due to the interdependence and interrelation with the Mapuche-Pewenche people, it is considered a biocultural ecosystem. This work is a comprehensive binatio...
Food feeds knowledge and practices through generations, sustaining biocultural memories. However, prevailing economic models and state policies have driven processes of accumulation by dispossession, defined as incremental social-ecological processes by which people lose their means of production and social reproduction. We conducted a cross-hemisp...
A major barrier to advancing ornithology is the systemic exclusion of professionals from the Global South. A recent special feature, Advances in Neotropical Ornithology, and a shortfalls analysis therein, unintentionally followed a long-standing pattern of highlighting individuals, knowledge, and views from the Global North, while largely omitting...
A nuclear leakage or tactical nuclear weapon use in a limited war could cause immense and long-lasting ecological consequences beyond the direct site of exposure. We call upon all scientists to communicate the importance of the environmental impacts of such an event to all life forms on Earth, including humankind. Changes to ecosystem structure and...
Family farming plays a fundamental role in food production. However, it faces rapid processes of social-environmental change, such as the application of hegemonic agrarian modernization policies and restrictions on the circulation of traditional seeds. Institutional changes are also altering practices and social relations, while climate change is t...
El presente estudio analiza los principales indicadores bibliométricos sobre la producción científica (772 documentos) durante el período 1982-2021 en el Laboratorio Natural Andes del Sur de Chile. La comunidad científica, tanto nacional como internacional, ha puesto interés en las singularidades de este territorio, lo que se observa en las redes d...
Las aves de los bosques templados y subantárticos de América del Sur han llamado históricamente la atención de ornitólogos y observadores de aves por (a) su aislamiento (> 1000 km) de otras comunidades de bosque del continente, (b) su alto endemismo (~41%, resultado de procesos evolutivos singulares) y (c) las rápidas transformaciones que han exper...
Las aves que anidan en cavidades de árboles están estructuradas en redes funcionales llamadas "redes de nidificación", las que cuentan con productores de cavidades (árboles y especies excavadoras) y "consumidoras" de cavidades (aves no excavadoras). La relación entre riqueza de especies y funciones en estas redes puede ser alterada por la pérdida d...
La corta puede afectar los atributos del hábitat después de un incendio e influir en la presencia y abundancia de especies. El análisis de rasgos funcionales determina las respuestas de las especies al ambiente y sus efectos en el funcionamiento del ecosistema. Evaluamos el impacto de la corta post-fuego con relación a los atributos del hábitat y l...
Las aves rapaces tienen el potencial de depredar aves de corral, razón por la cual campesinos y campesinas las asocian a pérdidas económicas. En el bosque templado andino del sur de Chile, la problemática de depredación de aves de corral por rapaces ha ido incrementando, así como también lo ha hecho la separación entre las comunidades humanas y las...
El Laboratorio Natural Andes del Sur de Chile comprende la zona andina de las regiones de La Araucanía, Los Ríos y Los Lagos (38º-44ºS). Aquí se emplazan numerosos asentamientos humanos y aproximadamente 250.000 habitantes, con la densidad poblacional más alta en los Andes a nivel nacional. Igualmente, se encuentran los volcanes de mayor riesgo del...
La complejidad estructural es el número de atributos estructurales presentes en el hábitat y su abundancia relativa. La simplificación de la complejidad estructural de los bosques por prácticas antropogénicas es una de las principales amenazas que enfrentan las aves especialistas del sotobosque en la actualidad. Estimamos la densidad de aves especi...
Las redes bioculturales son complejas y simpoiéticas. A partir de las relaciones entre actores, como nodos de una red, se moviliza la agrobiodiversidad y se genera la memoria biocultural como propiedad emergente del sistema agrícola local. Esta memoria actúa a través de escalas espaciales y temporales y es transportada por repositorios de memoria q...
La agricultura familiar cumple un rol fundamental en la producción de alimentos. Sin embargo, su desarrollo enfrenta acelerados procesos de cambios socioambientales, tales como la aplicación de políticas hegemónicas de modernización agraria que buscan intensificar los sistemas agroalimentarios y restricciones en la circulación de semillas tradicion...
Traditional agricultural systems reflect the close relationship between human communities and local ecosystems. The inheritance of knowledge, practices and beliefs, in which this relationship is materialised, or biocultural memory, is key for these systems’ conservation and adaptation to social-environmental changes. Heritage construction processes...
El patrimonio biocultural se expresa en los múltiples sistemas de conocimientos, prácticas y creencias vinculadas a la diversidad biológica y cultural presente en diferentes territorios. En estos, las mujeres han adquirido importantes roles socialmente construidos asociados a labores productivas y de cuidado familiar. A partir de un enfoque de méto...
La pandemia generada por el COVID-19 ha impactado a diversos sectores de la sociedad. La Agricultura Familiar Campesina (AFC) no ha sido inmune, lo que ha permitido develar que las crisis que enfrenta la AFC solo se han agudizado por el contexto sanitario. Además, las políticas, programas y planes vinculadas a este segmento no contribuyen a la resi...
Raíces y cambios: principios agroecológicos en la agricultura familiar de montaña del sur de los Andes Resumen La crisis socioambiental global requiere identificar y promover sistemas agroalimentarios resilientes. La agroecología aborda estos desafíos al promover altos niveles de diversidad, resiliencia climática y seguridad alimentaria. La aplicac...
Biodiversity conservation in a world under climate change is a significant challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), which holds 60% of global terrestrial life. Six of the ten most biodiverse countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela) are in LAC, and biodiversity hotspots are well-represented along the region’s co...
La etnoecología reconoce la complejidad humana y procura la colaboración articulada entre actores en los territorios para enfrentar las crisis entrelazadas que amenazan a la diversidad biocultural y la soberanía alimentaria. Las redes bioculturales son complejas y simpoiéticas (i.e. "hacen-generan en conjunto"). A partir de las relaciones entre act...
A Natural Laboratory (NL) is defined as a territory with unique natural characteristics that provide comparative advantages to develop high-level science and technology of planetary relevance. Natural Laboratories seeks to design strategies that effectively link interdisciplinary scientific work with local actors and communities, triggering new gov...
2022. International Ornithological Congress. During times of health or social crisis, ethno-ornithological fieldwork with local communities and their biocultural heritage may be challenging. Scientists and local bird experts need to collaborate to create innovative solutions to solve logistics and research issues, including data quality, research-a...
Coexistence means existing together at the same time or space, and it is often used to promote tolerance of humans to wild animals. Here, we propose that coexistence may be needed to promote the sustainable management of riparian ecosystems. For instance, while riparian ecosystems can sustain biodiversity and help secure forest and water resources...
El cambio climático se ha posicionado en la agenda de investigación de las ciencias sociales. El escaso éxito de las respuestas hegemónicas y el avance de los impactos han fortalecido la irrupción de actores no estatales. Sin embargo, su rol continúa siendo poco explorado, especialmente en América Latina. En este artículo indagamos en tres ámbitos...
Current social-environmental changes such as climate change and biodiversity loss are
interconnected and affecting people's livelihoods worldwide. Peasants are some of the most vulnerable to the impacts of these changes, but their knowledge and needs are rarely considered in public policy. The aim of this study was to document the (i) observed soci...
Presentamos una iniciativa y proponemos una metodología transdis-ciplinaria para cultivar la memoria biocultural, basada en los proce-sos de participación y materialización en comunidades de práctica (educativas). Presentamos el proyecto «Escuchando a los abuelos», que buscó facilitar diálogos intergeneracionales en tres escuelas mapuche (~ 90 niño...
Biocultural networks are complex and simpoietic. From the relationships between actors, as nodes of a network, agrobiodiversity is mobilized and biocultural memory is generated as an emergent property of the local agricultural system. This memory is acting through spatial and temporal scales and is carried by memory repositories that range from see...
Background
Traditional veterinary medicine (TVM) or ethnoveterinary medicine comprises knowledge, practices, and beliefs about farm animals. Its study serves to offer ecologically and culturally appropriate strategies for the management of animals and their health in a context marked by the increased use of synthetic pharmaceuticals, social–environ...
A major barrier to advancing ornithology is the systemic exclusion of professionals from the Global South. A recent special dossier, Advances in Neotropical Ornithology, and a shortfalls analysis therein, unintentionally followed a long-standing pattern of highlighting individuals, knowledge, and views from the Global North, while largely omitting...
Urban green spaces provide natural habitat for birds in urban landscapes, yet the effects of noise and surrounding urban morphology on bird community structure and distribution are not well understood in Latin America, the second most urbanized region in the world. Santiago of Chile is the single city belonging to the Mediterranean ecosystem in Sou...
Biocultural ethics centers on the vital links between habitats, habits, and co-inhabitants. Nowadays, cities are a typical habitat for most of the world’s population, and they are the everyday background of many educational processes.
Background: In an ethnoecological framework, traditional veterinary medicine comprises knowledge, practices, and beliefs about farm animals. Its study serves to offer ecologically and culturally appropriate strategies for management of the animals and their health in a context marked by the increased use of allopathic medicine, socio-environmental...
