Jose Guimon

• M.D. Phd. Professor
• catedrático emérito at University of the Basque Country

Over the last 35 years we have developed a number of group therapy programs with an orientation toward community therapy. In the last 20 years, even though at certain centers we have maintained a milieu therapy focus, the programs have become less psychodynamic and less democratic – somewhat ‘decaffeinated’, in fact. This, however, does not mean th...

Introduction Many authors support the idea that Mood Incongruent Psychosis is a subtype of affective illness, although no clear definition or etiopathogenic basis of the congruent or incongruent subtype has been found. Aims In this study we intend to evaluate clinical and biological differences between Psychotic Bipolar I patients who have mood co...

In the present study we have measured, on a monthly basis, the concentration of plasma homovanillic acid (pHVA) in schizophrenic patients during 13 months of their pharmacological treatment. The average pHVA values of each patient were within the range of 7.30-17.70 ng/ml and the coefficients of variation for each patient (CV %) were within the ran...

Most investment promotion agencies around the world are now placing a higher emphasis on attracting high quality FDI, including R&D centers and headquarters functions as well as high technology sectors. The authors argue that it requires a different approach than policies focused on the quantity of FDI inflows, leading to changes in the policy mix...

The negative attitudes toward mental illness can be based not only on ignorance and intolerance but also on such real factors as dangerousness, unpredictability, disability, and the burden the psychiatric patient represents for the community, particularly for members of the family and professionals who experience the stress that results from caring...

Metabolites of dopamine and norepinephrine measured in the plasma have long been associated with symptomatic severity and response to treatment in schizophrenic, bipolar and other psychiatric patients. Plasma concentrations of catecholamine metabolites are genetically regulated. The genes encoding enzymes that are involved in the synthesis and degr...

This paper explores the impact of MNEs on innovation systems and the policy options available for peripheral economies to attract and embed the R&D activities of MNEs. After developing the conceptual and policy framework, we discuss the case of the new member states from Central and Eastern Europe that joined the EU between 2004 and 2007. We analys...

Acute episodes are treated in AMSA psychiatric services in a emergency service including a call center, domicilliary visits, a crisis unit, three short-term day hospitals and a short-term stay unit in a general hospital. an Intensive Brief Dynamic Group Therapy is offered in the units allowing for a decreased appearance of self and hetero aggressio...

We have determined the plasma (p) concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), and the pHVA/pGABA ratio in schizophrenic and bipolar patients. The research was undertaken in a geographic area with an ethnically homogeneous population. The HVA plasma concentrations were significantly elevated i...

Introduction: Two-thirds of Swiss psychiatrists are engaged, either exclusively or partially, in private practice, a proportion that is higher than in other countries. Method: A questionnaire survey of 1000 psychiatrists was carried out. Results: Psychiatrists in private practice display a greater degree of clinical activity, mainly with indiv...

Catatonia is a relatively frequent motor syndrome in psychiatric patients and deserves a place in the psychiatric nomenclature. Such recognition would improve diagnosis and optimize treatment, thus reducing morbidity and mortality due to this entity. We present a case that illustrates the difficulty of diagnosing this syndrome. Furthermore, in this...

El trastorno bipolar es una enfermedad crónica, caracterizada por remisiones y exacerbaciones, cuya evolución puede modificarse favorablemente con un tratamiento apropiado. Aunque el tratamiento de los episodios agudos es importante, la prevención de recaídas mediante un tratamiento de mantenimiento es el objetivo terapéutico principal. Se ha estim...

It has been suggested that the family history of psychotic disorders is useful in defining homogeneous groups of bipolar patients. The plasma homovanillic acid (pHVA) concentrations have been related to the effect of antipsychotic treatment in psychotic patients. We have studied the influence of a positive family history of psychotic disorders both...

This paper addresses the role of multinational enterprises (MNE) in the upgrading of national innovation systems and the policies that the new member states (NMS) of the European Union (EU) can put in place to enhance it. We use the innovation systems approach as a basis for analyzing policy options and focus on the MNE and the potential for linkag...

Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness, characterized by remissions and exacerbations and whose course can be favorably modified by appropriate treatment. Although the treatment of acute episodes is important, the main objective of maintenance treatment is to prevent relapses. Approximately 60% of bipolar patients are estimated to experience chronic...

We examined the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) Val108/158Met genotype in 160 type 1 bipolar patients. We also analyzed the plasma concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylenglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in 60 of those patients who had been without mood stabilizers or neuroleptic treatment for...

This paper interprets how the globalization of business R&D is shaping the evolution of government policies, in particular in the context of the EU. It argues that the increased competition to attract the R&D activities of foreign firms has resulted in a more proactive role of government policies aimed at improving the attractiveness of the country...

Due to the increased internationalization of corporate R&D, foreign-controlled multinational enterprises are now seen by most governments as a central actor in national innovation systems and as a catalyst for upgrading in global value chains. This paper describes the key policy instruments used by governments in their efforts to attract internatio...

Background: There is a scarcity of data regarding the actual stigma and discrimination experienced by schizophrenic patients and their relatives. Those experiences can vary significantly depending on the specific social group involved. We have explored such phenomena in our culture with a qualitative technique. Methods: We developed a qualitativ...

Changes in the levels of homovanillic acid in blood plasma (pHVA) may reflect changes which occur in the brain. In healthy individuals, this concentration of pHVA is stable over time. Over the course of one month, we studied 98 acute schizophrenic patients who had not been taking any medication but were administered neuroleptics upon hospital admis...

Background and objectives: Various studies have found significant correlations between feelings of shame and psychopathologies, as depression or eating disorders. Since some authors have shown an association between inhibition, neuroticism and shame, we hypothesize that Sensitivitybility to Punishment (SP) would relate positively to shame. We also...

The assessment of efficacy and efficiency of treatment are presently taking on growing importance for the psychiatric practice. For this assessment, scientifically proven therapeutic measures or "Empirically Supported Treatments" are applied using techniques such as randomized controlled trials, the meta-analysis and the "Consumer Reports" studies....

Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder are difficult to manage in individual analytical psychotherapy, due to their instability, which is frequently related to a loss of self-exteem and identity confusion. Group therapy, traditionally used in these patients when they are hospitalised, is currently considered of particular interest for out-pa...

Over the past thirty years we have developed a number of group therapy programmes, involving many severely ill patients, with an orientation towards community therapy, in a dozen different care units (short-stay units in general hospitals, rehabilitation units and day hospitals) in Spain and in Switzerland. In these alternative units for severely i...

IntroductionAlthough everyone working in routine mental health services recognizes the scientific and ethical importance to ensure that treatments being provided are of highest quality, there is a clear lack of consensus regarding what outcome domains to include, what measure of assessment to use and, moreover, who to question when assessing.Litera...

Although everyone working in routine mental health services recognizes the scientific and ethical importance to ensure that treatments being provided are of highest quality, there is a clear lack of consensus regarding what outcome domains to include, what measure of assessment to use and, moreover, who to question when assessing. Since the fifties...

Ya durante la elaboración del DSM - IV hubo propuestas de adoptar un modelo dimensional ((7, 8) pero no prosperaron por diversas razones. Sin embargo, se han realizado ya estudios que muestran que es necesario incorporar algunos de los hallazgos obtenidos Varios autores aconsejan a los creadores de la nueva DSMV que hagan un sistema al menos en par...

Feeling disgust towards oneself is a negativ e emotion, which is a core feeling in the shame experience. Various studies have f ound significant correlations between feelings of shame and psychopathologies, as depression or eating disorders. The present study aims to translate and perform the cultural adaptation of the Test of Self-Conscious Affect...

Shameless attitudes can appear in the course of neuropsychiatric illnesses and specific perversions, under the form of disinhibition and exhibitionism. In other cases, shamelessness is a stance with creative connotations, or, alternatively, alienating, taking the form of obscenity and pornography, which we have also dealt with recently (Guimón, 200...

Shameless attitudes can appear in the course of neuropsychiatric illnesses and specific perversions, under the form of disinhibition and exhibitionism. In other cases, shamelessness is a stance with creative connotations, or, alternatively, alienating, taking the form of obscenity and pornography, which we have also dealt with recently (Guimón, 200...

Summary The author discusses the convenience of the use of the concept of "schizophrenia spectrum" to characterize a group of disorders (schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoid and schizotypic personality, and schizophreniform disorder) having some common some symptoms, markers and treatment response. In his opinion the biological eviden...

Puesto que la representación social de la enfermedad mental y su tratamiento juegan un papel importante en su detección y en la orientación de los pacientes hacia distintas terapias, es importante determinar si la sociedad diferencia entre los distintos trastornos mentales y sus tratamientos. Estas representaciones se examinan en una encuesta reali...

Since social representations of mental illness and its treatment play an important role in its detection and in orienting patients towards certain therapies, it is important to determine whether the public differentiates between the various mental disorders and their treatments. These representations are examined in a survey carried out among a str...

La ansiedad social, la timidez y la inhibición conductual tienen bases genéticas aún no bien aclaradas. La desinhibición se puede producir por trastornos cerebrales orgánicos, psicosis funcionales, consumo de substancias psicoactivas y situaciones estresantes que bloquean la formación es reactivas de vergüenza y timidez. El autor cree que la idea d...

Major depression is associated with the upregulation of alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors in brain tissue and blood platelets. The homologous regulation of these receptors by G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) might play a relevant role in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. This study was designed to assess the status of the complex alpha(2...

After 10 years of experience in Geneva more than 300 health professionals have been through this group training. It appears that trainees Pined: knowledge about group dynamic, supervision for their practice, and personal experience in small and large group settings. But even more importantly they gained the opportunity to experience within a multid...

The aim of the paper is to describe the process of constructing and validating a new scale (called ERA) assessing relations to others. The ERA scale is designed to be all at once time-saving (only 16 items) and widely informative (covering 4 major domains of relations to others: Openness to others - relational distance - personal and relational ins...

Examined the changes in coping strategies brought about by an educational-experiential block training program in group psychotherapy based on group-analytic principles. 48 trainees at University of Geneva Medical School responded to a comprehensive, theoretically-based inventory of 21 coping strategies at the beginning and the end of the program. R...

This article present a new social functioning self-report instrument in French language the "Questionnaire de Fonctionnement Social" (QFS), initially developed in order to assess social functioning in patients involved in group psychotherapy programs conducted in a specialist mental health setting. The psychometric analysis globally support the val...

Como la ansiedad, con la que está estrechamente emparentada, la vergüenza tiene sin duda bases biológicas precisas, aunque no bien estudiadas, cuyo desarreglo puede producir actitudes de desvergüenza. La vergüenza es específicamente humana y los biólogos desde la Antigüedad, señalaron que los animales carecen de pudor; son, de alguna manera desverg...

El autor presenta un cuestionario en un formato operativo que permite evaluar la situación respecto a los Derechos Humanos en diversas instituciones o países y que se puede incorporar a los instrumentos utilizados hoy para la evaluación de la calidad de la Asistencia en Salud Mental. Consta de dos partes diferenciadas: A) Derechos que deben estar g...

El autor discute los objetivos docentes propuestos en distintas encuestas y reuniones de consenso acerca de los programas de formación en Psiquiatría para los futuros médicos. Propone que la enseñanza futura en España debe adaptar los programas a los objetivos docentes detectados, facilitar la autoadquisición de la información por parte de los alum...

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This exploratory study aims to evaluate the evolution of 25 patients during the time of a treatment in a day hospital specialized for schizophrenic disorders.Method. – In a naturalistic study, eligible patients were evaluated when entering and leaving for clinical profile, psychiatric history, nosognosia and compliance.Results. – The studied popula...

This exploratory study aims to evaluate the evolution of 25 patients during the time of a treatment in a day hospital specialized for schizophrenic disorders. Method. - In a naturalistic study, eligible patients were evaluated when entering and leaving for clinical profile, psychiatric history, nosognosia and compliance. Results. - The studied popu...

Neuronal cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) and its neuron-specific activator p35 play a major role in regulating the cytoskeleton dynamics. Since opioid addiction was associated with hyperphosphorylation of neurofilament (NF) in postmortem human brains, this study was undertaken to assess the status of the cdk5/p35 complex and its relation with NF-H...

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and beta-arrestin-2 play a crucial role in the regulation of neurotransmitter receptors in brain. In this study, GRK 2, GRK 6, beta-arrestin-2 and associated proteins (Gbeta proteins and protein phosphatase (PP)-2A) were quantitated in parallel (immunodensity with specific antibodies) in brains of depressed...

La Oficina Regional para Europa de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en Copenague estableció un grupo de trabajo sobre evaluación en Salud Mental formado por expertos en Psiquiatría, los cuales, junto con los centros colaboradores de la OMS, prestan asistencia a una red Europea de Salud Mental constituido por 47 representantes nacionales pa...

The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe in Copenhagen established a task force on mental health assessment formed by psychiatry experts whom, together with the WHO collaborating centers, assist a European network on mental health of 47 ministerial-nominated national counterparts for mental health. This article discusses asses...

The objective of this study is to examine the different forms of group psychotherapy practices in Switzerland and their underlying theoretical orientation.Materials and methods – Data was collected by means of a questionnaire sent by post to psychiatrists and psychologists. Analysis covers the answers of 533 therapists practicing group psychotherap...

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and beta-arrestin-2 play a crucial role in the regulation of neurotransmitter receptors in brain. In this study, GRK2, GRK6, beta-arrestin-2 and associated regulatory proteins (Gbeta proteins and protein phosphatase (PP)-2A) were quantitated in human brains (immunodensity with specific antibodies) to assess...

The influence of age, postmortem delay and freezing storage period on receptor-mediated G-protein activity was quantified in cortical membranes from 34 healthy subjects. Concentration-response curves of the [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding stimulation by agonists for alpha(2)-adrenoceptors (UK14304), mu-opioid (DAMGO), 5-HT(1A) (8-OH-DPAT), GABA(B) (baclof...

Abnormalities in the density of neuroreceptors that regulate norepinephrine and serotonin release have been repeatedly reported in brains of suicide victims with mood disorders. Recently, the modulation of the [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding to G-proteins has been introduced as a suitable measure of receptor activity in postmortem human brain. The present...

Objective: The aim of this survey is to explore the differences in certain salient aspects of the practice of group therapy between psychiatrists and psychologists and between the two cultural regions of Switzerland. Psychiatrists and psychologists, who differ in their training and forms of professional activity, might also differ in their practice...

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Increased amounts of phosphorylated neurofilaments (pNF-H and pNF-M) are found in postmortem brains of opioid addicts. Because of the potential relevance of aberrant pNF in opioid addiction (alterations of neuronal cytoskeleton and associated functions), the effects of opiate drugs on pNF-H were investigated in rat brain. Acute morphine (30 mg/kg,...

Interactions between brain alpha2- and beta-adrenoceptors are of interest in physiological (aging) and pathological (major depression) processes involving both receptors. In this study, total beta-adrenoceptors and beta1/2-subtypes were quantitated in postmortem human brains to investigate their relationships with alpha2A-adrenoceptors and specific...

The components of cyclic AMP signaling cascade (catalytic (Cα) subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB)) were quantitated by Western blotting in the prefrontal cortex of depressed suicide victims (n=23) and their matched controls (n=14). There was a significant increase in the level...

Among the 964 Swiss psychiatrists who answered a survey on the extent and the conditions under which different types of treatment were used in clinical practice, 94% indicated that they practiced combined pharmacological and psychotherapy treatment. Combined treatments ranked first before analytically inspired psychotherapies, short-term psychother...

During discussion of psychoanalysis and virtual reality in the new millennium, it was predicted that in the next century the differences between the conscious, unconscious, and the pre-conscious will have to be reconsidered in view of the ever-expanding concepts created by virtual reality. There will be virtual sexual acts over the Internet, ovum p...

The neurofilament (NF) proteins (NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L for high, medium, and low molecular weights) play a crucial role in the organization of neuronal shape and function. In a preliminary study, the abundance of total NF-L was shown to be decreased in brains of opioid addicts. Because of the potential relevance of NF abnormalities in opioid addicti...

The neurofilament (NF) proteins (NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L for high, medium, and low molecular weights) play a crucial role in the organization of neuronal shape and function. In a preliminary study, the abundance of total NF-L was shown to be decreased in brains of opioid addicts. Because of the potential relevance of NF abnormalities in opioid addicti...

Although genetic factors have been implicated in the etiology of bipolar disorder, no specific gene has been conclusively identified. Given the link between abnormalities in serotonergic neurotransmission and bipolar disorder, a candidate gene association approach was applied to study the involvement of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene, which co...

Repeated opioid administration has been associated in human brain with unaltered density of mu-opioid receptors (agonist radioligand binding sites and immunodetected receptor protein). These receptors are coupled to Gi/Go-proteins, which are increased in brain of heroin addicts. To assess the activity of G-proteins and their coupling to receptors a...

Receptor density and ligand affinity can be assessed using positron emission tomography (PET). Biological parameters (B(max)('), k(1), k(2), k(on)/V(R), k(off)) are estimated using a compartmental model and a multi-injection protocol. Parametric imaging of the ligand-receptor model has been shown to be of special interest to study certain brain dis...

En el presente trabajo se revisa, en primer lugar, la literatura sobre la eficacia global de las psicoterapias de grupo en relación con las individuales y luego se comparan los resultados de las terapias grupales duraderas con las breves y de las de diferentes orientaciones teóricas (dinámica, cognitivo-comportamental y psicoeducativa) entre sí y e...

En el presente trabajo se revisa, en primer lugar, la literatura sobre la eficacia global de las psicoterapias de grupo en relación con las individuales y luego se comparan los resultados de las terapias grupales duraderas con las breves y de las de diferentes orientaciones teóricas (dinámica, cognitivo-comportamental y psicoeducativa) entre sí y e...

First, we review the global effectiveness of group versus individual psychotherapies, then we compare the outcome of short term vs long term group psychotherapy, and finally, we analyze the relative value of the psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral and psychoeductative approaches, both in general and as applied to patients of different diagnostic ca...

The principal aim was to assess the psychiatric topics that doctors and students considered most important for undergraduate teaching. Differences between doctors and students, men and women, physicians/students with or without an interest in psychiatry were examined. A mailed questionnaire was used concerning the knowledge and skills of psychologi...

Major depression, opioid addiction, neurodegenerative diseases, and glial tumors are associated with disturbances of imidazoline receptors (IR) in the human brain. In depression, the level of a 45-kD IR protein (putative I1-IR) is increased in the brain of suicide victims (51%) and in platelets of depressed patients (40%). The density of platelet I...

Differences between male and female psychiatrists in their careers, professional and clinical activities, and clinical orientations, in general and in contrasted settings for the practice of psychiatry. Survey by mailed questionnaire to psychiatrists working in private practice or in institutions. Male and female psychiatrists share some similar ch...

Suicide and depression are associated with an increased density of alpha2-adrenoceptors (radioligand receptor binding) in specific regions of the human brain. The function of these inhibitory receptors involves various regulatory proteins (Gi coupling proteins and G protein-coupled receptor kinases, GRKs), which work in concert with the receptors....