José M Eiros

University of Valladolid | UVA · Facultad de Medicina.

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the population unequally, with a greater impact on older and immunosuppressed people. Methods Hence, we performed a prospective experimental cohort study to characterise the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in immune-compromised patients (old...

The current situation with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) is causing a worldwide concern due to multiple outbreaks in wild birds, poultry, and mammals. Moreover, multiple zoonotic infections in humans have been reported. Importantly, HPAI H5N1 viruses with genetic markers of adaptation to mammals have been detected. Together wi...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of recurrent infections, especially among young women, but also in patients with infections related to the insertion of urological devices. The aim of this study was to determine the recurrent UTI readmission rate among older patients and the risk factors for recurrent UTI in a prospective cohort of p...

We aimed to describe the risk profile of RSV infections among children aged ≤ 24 months in Valladolid from January 2010 to August 2022 and to compare them with influenza and COVID-19 controls. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all laboratory-confirmed RSV, influenza, and COVID-19 infections. We analyzed risk factors for RSV hospitalizati...

Background/Objectives: The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has turned the spotlight on the importance of public health measures and disease prevention. Despite this, the acceptance of influenza vaccination has remained low in most countries (and far from the 75% target set by the World Health Organization). The objective of this study has been...

Introduction: Malnutrition has always been a problem in CF (cystic fibrosis) patients; however, new treatments with CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein) modulators have led to weight gain, with some patients at risk of overweight and obesity. Objective: Our study aimed to analyze the evolution of BMI (body mass index)...

We aimed to describe the risk profile of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among adults ≥ 60 years in Valladolid from January 2010 to August 2022, and to compare them with influenza and COVID-19 controls. This was a retrospective cohort study of all laboratory-confirmed RSV infections identified in centralized microbiology database durin...

Background. This study aimed to assess how Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) influences lung function, BMI, sweet test and mental health of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, emphasizing on depression and anxiety. Methods. We conducted an observational, prospective, multicentre study including 108 patients over 18 years old who initiated ETI thera...

Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing microRNAs (miRNAs) and other molecules, play a central role in intercellular communication, especially in viral infections caused by SARS-CoV-2. This study explores the miRNA profiles in plasma-derived EVs from patients with severe COVID-19 vs controls, identifying potential mortality predictors....

Background and purpose Influenza is a common cause of acute respiratory infection, with headache being one of the symptoms included in the European Commission case definition. The prevalence of headache as a symptom of influenza remains unknown. We aimed to describe the incidence and prevalence of headache in patients with influenza. Methods All c...

Introduction: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome or tracheobronchomegaly, is a rare condition that consists of abnormal dilation of the trachea and main bronchi due to a pathological arrangement of smooth muscle fibers in this area. Case report: We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with poorly controlled asthma and recurrent infections, who was diagnos...

The increased knowledge on virology and the increased potential of their diagnostic has risen several relevant question about the role of an early viral diagnosis and potential early treatment on the management of respiratory tract infections (RTI). In order to further understand the role of viral diagnostic tests in the management of RTI, a panel...

Background The incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) infection was highest among older adults early in the COVID-19 pandemic; however, this pattern was later reversed with young adults showing the highest incidence. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors in healthcare workers (HCWs) associated with th...

The properties of the main surface proteins and the viral cycle of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) make it an attractive pathogen from the perspective of microbiology. The virus gets its name from the manner it infects cells, which enables it to produce syncytia, which allow the virus’ genetic material to move across cells without having to r...

Nirsevimab therapy has the potential to revolutionize infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis. But other populations suffering RSV, such the elderly or those over 60, may also be protected by using this novel antibody in the infant group. It is true that some studies link the use of nirsevimab to a reduction in the virus's ability to s...

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the viral load (VL) using cycle threshold (Ct) in patients infected with influenza A (H3N2). Methods This prospective study was conducted during the 2022-2023 influenza season in sentinel, non-sentinel, and hospitalized patients of Castilla y León (Spain). Respiratory samples were obtained from nasop...

Headache is a common symptom of influenza infection; however, its causes and consequences remain uncertain. In this manuscript, we analyzed which demographic and clinical factors were associated with the presence of headache during the course of influenza infection and whether patients with headache had a different prognosis, evaluated by need of h...

The monoclonal antibody nirsevimab was at least 70% effective in preventing hospitalisations in infants with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Spain (Oct 2023–Jan 2024), where a universal immunisation programme began late September (coverage range: 79–99%). High protection was confirmed by t...

Since 1996, the highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype A(H5N1) has been causing almost uninterrupted outbreaks in wild and domestic birds, as well as cases in humans with a mortality rate close to 50%. However, the years of greatest circulation have been precisely the years following the COVID-19 pandemic, in which several cases have been record...

SARS-CoV-2 reinfections have been frequent, even among those vaccinated. The aim of this study is to know if hybrid immunity (infection + vaccination) is affected by the moment of vaccination and number of doses received. We conducted a retrospective study in 746 patients with a history of COVID-19 reinfection and recovered the dates of infection a...

Introduction Headache is a frequent symptom of infections. We aimed to characterize the clinical phenotype and duration of headache attributed to influenza infection. Methods Prospective cohort study done in 53 primary care centers between January and April 2023. Patients were included if they had a confirmed influenza diagnosis, were older than 1...

Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus which constitutes a significant public health issue associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in attitudes, perceptions, and practices regarding influenza vaccination in the Spanish adult population during the COVI...

Se pretende en esta sesión ofertar una visión acerca de la utilización procedente de los antibióticos como elemento esencia de cara a minimizar el impacto de la inducción de resistencias frente a este grupo de fármacos.

La importancia que supone establecer argumentos para implementar una estrategia de eliminación de la infección por el Virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC) no necesita ser enfatizada. Baste como aval señalar que se trata de un virus frente al que existe terapia específica de alta eficacia, el impacto que la ausencia de tratamiento ocasiona en los Sistemas...

Bacteremia has been associated with severity in some infections; however, its impact on the prognosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is still disputed. Our goal is to determine the risk factors for bacteremia and its clinical impact on hospitalized patients with complicated community-acquired urinary tract infections. We conducted a prospective...

The aim of this work is to describe the dynamics of influenza antibodies after vaccination in adults. We conducted a case-cohort serological study in the automobile manufacturing plants of the Renault España S.A. group in Valladolid and Palencia (Spain), including 550 workers (66.9%) previously vaccinated against influenza (group V), and 272 (33.1%...

Background: HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite producing neurological and lymphoproliferative severe illnesses and affect over 10 million people worldwide. Roughly 5% of HTLV-1 carriers develop Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), one of the most aggressive hematological malignancies. Methods: A national HTLV-1 register exists si...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition that predominantly affects elderly people, who are particularly susceptible to developing sepsis. Previous studies have indicated a detrimental effect of sepsis on short-term outcomes in elderly patients with UTI, but there is a lack of data about the middle-term prognosis. The aim of this study w...

Influenza is a classic infectious disease that, through the continuous variation of the viruses that produce it, imposes new challenges that we must solve as quickly as possible. The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially modified the behavior of influenza and other respiratory viruses, and in the coming years we will have to coexist with a new pathog...

Objective: Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is essential to mitigate the personal, social and global impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as we move from a pandemic to an endemic phase. Vaccines are now required that offer broad, long-lasting immunological protection from infection in addition to protection from severe illness and hospitalis...

Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 reinfections have been frequent, even among those vaccinated. The aim of this study is to know if hybrid immunity (infection+vaccination) is affected by the moment of vaccination and the number of doses received. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 745 patients with a history of COVID-19 reinfection and recovered the...

Objective: We aim to evaluate the adherence rate to an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and to assess its effect on the use of antibiotics, quality indicators and clinical outcomes. Methods: Retrospective description of the interventions proposed by the ASP. We compared antimicrobial use, quality and safet...

Objective Antibodies elicited by seasonal influenza vaccines mainly target the head of hemagglutinin (HA). However, antibodies against the stalk domain are cross-reactive and have been proven to play a role in reducing influenza disease severity. We investigated the induction of HA stalk-specific antibodies after seasonal influenza vaccination, con...

Risk factors for multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in nosocomial urinary tract infection (UTI) have been widely studied. However, these risk factors have not been analyzed in community-acquired urinary sepsis (US), nor have its outcomes been studied. The aim of our study is to determine risk factors for MDRB in community-acquired US and its influ...

In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adherence to treatment is affected by the adverse effects of treatment, the presence of additional comorbidities, the complexity of dosage, and family and community support. However, one recent circumstance that was likely to have influenced therapeutic adherence was the COVID-19 pandemic and the...

In recent decades, the improvement of traditional vaccines has meant that we have moved from inactivated whole virus vaccines, which provoke a moderate immune response but notable adverse effects, to much more processed vaccines such as protein subunit vaccines, which despite being less immunogenic have better tolerability profiles. This reduction...

Most of the complications and deaths related to seasonal flu occur in the elderly population (≥65 years) with comorbidities, and the influenza vaccine is the most effective way to prevent them. Immunization is less effective in older adults due to immunosenescence. MF59-adjuvanted vaccines, designed to improve the magnitude, persistence and amplitu...

COVID-19 affects the population unequally with a higher impact on aged and immunosuppressed people. Hence, we assessed the effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immune compromised patients (older adults and oncohematologic patients), compared with healthy counterparts. While the acquired humoral and cellular memory did not predict subsequent infectio...

Objective: This study analyzed, at a postcode detailed level, the relation-ship between short-term exposure to environmental factors and hospital ad-missions, in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and ICU mortality due to COVID-19 during the lockdown and post-lockdown 2020 period in Spain. Methods: We performed a nationwide population-based retr...

Background: Lactate to albumin ratio (LAR) is an emerging sepsis biomarker that has been tested for mortality in patients with sepsis of different focus. Our goal is to evaluate the prognostic value of LAR in patients admitted to the hospital due to complicated urinary tract infections. Methods: Prospective observational study of patients older...

Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients...

Introduction External Quality Assessment (EQA) schemes are designed to provide a snapshot of laboratory proficiency, identifying issues and providing feedback to improve laboratory performance and inter-laboratory agreement in testing. Currently there are no international EQA schemes for seasonal influenza serology testing. Here we present a feasib...

Introduction The third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine is especially necessary in people over 65 years of age due to their lower immune response. Methods We designed a multicentre, prospective observational study including 98 people ≤65 years old who lived in two nursing homes in Valladolid, Spain. One of the groups had previous experience with SARS-...

Smallpox vaccination may confer cross-protection to mpox. We evaluated vaccinia virus antibodies in 162 persons ≥50 years of age in Spain; 68.5% had detectable antibodies. Highest coverage (78%) was among persons 71-80 years of age. Low antibody levels in 31.5% of this population indicates that addressing their vaccination should be a priority.

Objective: Understanding the hospital impact of influenza requires enriching epidemiological surveillance registries with other sources of information. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of the Hospital Care Activity Record - Minimum Basic Data Set (RAE-CMBD) in the analysis of the outcomes of patients hospitalised with this infec...

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have been widely used for treating urinary tract infections (UTIs); however, the increasing emergence of resistant strains has compromised their use. We aimed to know the usefulness of FQs for the treatment of community-acquired UTI in a setting with a high prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant microorganisms. A prospective...

Aim To use genus/species-specific genes droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays to detect/quantify bacterial DNA from Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp in blood samples. Methods and Results Bacterial DNA from clinical strains (4<n<12) was extracted, quantified and diluted (10-0.0001ng/μL) and ddPCR as...

Infection (either community acquired or nosocomial) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critical care medicine. Sepsis is present in up to 30% of all ICU patients. A large fraction of sepsis cases is driven by severe community acquired pneumonia (sCAP), which incidence has dramatically increased during COVID-19 pandemics. A frequent comp...

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an important risk factor for poor asthma control. The objective of this study is to analyze the symptomatic control in asthmatic patients with OSA after using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Methods Patients were collected in a monographic asthma consult and a polygraphy was performed due t...

Current influenza vaccines elicit humoral immune responses against the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza viruses. Different antigenic sites have been identified in the HA head as the main target of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibodies (Sb, Sa, Cb, Ca1 and Ca2). To determine immunodominance (ID) of each site, we performed HAI assays ag...

Resumen La insuficiencia respiratoria aguda es la expresión de la disfunción del sistema respiratorio, provocando la alteración en el intercambio gaseoso de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono. Es una entidad frecuente que conlleva una alta morbilidad y potencial mortalidad, por lo que su conocimiento y correcto manejo es fundamental para el buen desarrol...

Resumen El término insuficiencia respiratoria constituye el fracaso de las funciones básicas del intercambio gaseoso: oxigenar la sangre arterial y/o eliminar el dióxido de carbono. Según el tiempo de evolución, puede clasificarse en aguda y crónica, aunque lo que realmente las diferencia es que, en la forma crónica, se ponen en marcha los mecanism...

Introducción y objetivos La vacuna frente a la gripe estacional se utiliza menos de lo recomendado entre los colectivos de riesgo pese a su relevancia como medida de salud pública. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar los canales de información más destacados sobre la campaña de vacunación, así como las iniciativas más efectivas para po...

Introducción y objetivos La gripe es un importante problema de salud pública asociado a una elevada morbimortalidad. La vacunación se considera una intervención fundamental para reducir el impacto de la enfermedad. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la intención de la población adulta de vacunarse frente a la gripe, así como analizar los m...