Jose Duarte

Jose Duarte
Pennsylvania State University | Penn State · Stuckeman School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture

PhD in Architecture
Director, Stuckeman Center for Design Computing, Penn State

About

281
Publications
236,731
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
4,740
Citations
Introduction
J.P. Duarte holds a professional degree in Architecture from TU Lisbon, and Master’s and PhD degrees in Design and Computation from MIT. Currently, Dr. Duarte is the Stuckeman Chair in Design Innovation and director of the Stuckeman Center for Design Computing at Penn State, where he is Professor of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, and Affiliate Professor of Architectural Engineering and Engineering Design. Dr. Duarte was Dean of the Lisbon School of Architecture and president of eCAADe.
Additional affiliations
April 2019 - present
Pennsylvania State University
Position
  • Professor
April 2019 - present
Pennsylvania State University
Position
  • Professor
January 2016 - present
Pennsylvania State University
Position
  • Professor
Education
February 1996 - July 2001
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Field of study
  • Architecture: Design and Computation
September 1991 - August 1993
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Field of study
  • Architecture: Design Methods

Publications

Publications (281)
Article
Automation, including the use of robots, is increasingly presented as a potential solution to the lagging efficiency of the construction industry. Buildings designed for robotic construction may be different than traditional buildings, and computation can help reveal these differences. In response, the goal of this research is to assess the challen...
Article
Full-text available
This paper explores the integration of vision-based sensing and digital twin technologies into large-scale conformal 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP), emphasizing operational accuracy, adaptability, and real-time monitoring capabilities. By implementing advanced sensing systems, the study aims to reconstruct accurate digital twins of non-planar, dynamic...
Article
Full-text available
In this study, 3D-printed reinforced concrete beams were tested for flexural performance and compared with the analytical model based on the material test results. Two cementitious mixes (PSU and GCT) were designed for concrete printing and were mechanically tested and compared. Anisotropies in the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of...
Article
Full-text available
Three dimensional-printing construction is an emerging technology with significant potential for faster building execution and more precise, controllable designs. This technology utilizes material deposition managed by computer data, enabling additive construction of shapes. This research aims to develop a generative design system for 3D-printed ho...
Patent
Full-text available
Embodiments of the disclosure provide a printable cementitious composition comprising a cement binder, an aggregate , at least one pozzolanic additive, an accelerator, water, and nanoclay.
Article
Full-text available
In recent years, research on extrusion-based 3D concrete printing (3DCP) has gained traction. Ongoing research aims to improve sustainability and accuracy of 3DCP as maintaining print quality and material consistency during the process remains a challenge. To address this challenge, vision-based sensing technologies have been implemented as monitor...
Article
Full-text available
3D concrete printing (3DCP) enhances design flexibility, reduces construction costs and lowers environmental impact. Traditionally used for wall fabrication, this study introduces a system for printing self-supporting spanning structures using reinforced concrete filaments with tensioned cables, eliminating the need for formwork. The research invol...
Article
Designing for 3D concrete printing presents unique challenges, particularly in vault manufacturing. There is also a lack of design support tools that consider structural performance during printing. This paper proposes a design workflow that includes form and toolpath generation, structural simulation, and optimization. The workflow is implemented...
Article
This paper advances computational design for 3DPC structures with a new design methodology that combines constrained design and parametric numerical modeling that performs the analysis layer by layer for a range of structures including overhangs. Early age buildability is studied in terms of plastic collapse, elastic buckling, and flexural collapse...
Conference Paper
3D concrete printing (3DCP) holds immense promise in addressing the global shortage of affordable housing and facilitating construction in extreme environments, both on Earth and beyond. Alaska, renowned for its challenging terrestrial conditions, serves as an ideal testing ground to push the boundaries of this technology. This work introduces and...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
3D concrete printing (3DCP) technology is expected to address the construction industry's inefficiency, lack of skilled labor, and safety concerns, while tackling the housing shortage due to global population growth. Current applications in academia and industry have mainly focused on fabricating wall elements, which do not fulfill the potentia...
Article
Full-text available
The design of buildings has become a complex and multidisciplinary problem involving multiple conflicting objectives as architects and designers address competing technical, economic, environmental, and societal concerns. This has been driving research in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) toward rigorous multidisciplinary decision-m...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
After the timid emergence of additive manufacturing at construction scale in the 1990s, the World has witnessed its exponential growth in recent years, both in academia and industry. Many of the companies operating today in this area were created as spin offs of research efforts of university labs. This is also the case of X-Hab 3D which is a spino...
Conference Paper
This paper examines the potential to develop 3D-printed eco-friendly lightweight concrete using granulated cork as fine aggregate (3DPCC). Reference material with natural river sand as fine aggregate was used as the control and granulated cork of similar grading was used to replace the natural river sand at 25, 50,75, and 100% by volume. Considerin...
Article
Full-text available
3D concrete printing has the potential to provide solutions to the global shortage of affordable housing. The technology may be particularly suitable for remote regions, where the shortage of labor and materials present challenges. While most projects have focused on the use the technology to fabricate a structure’s walls, this article describes a...
Chapter
In recent years, researchers have focused on improving the design of building envelopes to enhance their environmental performance using kinetic systems, such as kinetic shading screens. Research has shown that these systems can effectively control and improve daylight illuminance in a room (Fiorito et al. in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review...
Presentation
This paper examines the potential to develop 3D-printed eco-friendly lightweight concrete using granulated cork as fine aggregate (3DPCC). Reference material with natural river sand as fine aggregate was used as the control and granulated cork of similar grading was used to replace the natural river sand at 25, 50, 75, and 100% by volume. Consideri...
Article
Modern day building design projects require multidisciplinary expertise from architects and engineers across various phases of the design (conceptual, preliminary, and detailed) and construction processes. The Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) community has recently shifted gears toward leveraging design optimization techniques to mak...
Chapter
Full-text available
Natural systems – from sunflowers to trees – dynamically adjust to shifting environmental conditions, saving energy and resources. What if our environments adapted to be dynamic and efficient in the same way? The snapping façades project explores elastic instability as a means to develop kinetic architectural skins for climate-adaptive environments...
Article
Full-text available
Bistable laminates are composite structures that exhibit more than one static configuration, showing a "snap-through" behaviour that results from residual stresses generated during the curing process. This study focuses on finding adequate fibre and laminate arrangements for bistable laminates used in functional kinetic shadings. We present a study...
Chapter
The automatic generation of floorplans given user inputs has great potential in architectural design and has recently been explored in the computer vision community. However, the majority of existing methods synthesize floorplans in the format of rasterized images, which are difficult to edit or customize. In this paper, we aim to synthesize floorp...
Article
3D-printing has been growing in acceptance in the construction industry owing to its transformative potential in concrete materials. One of the main challenges for its further adoption is the integration of reinforcement given the difficulty of incorporating steel rebars and the formation of cold joints between filaments. This study proposes the us...
Article
Full-text available
Providing pedestrian accessibility to urban services is a big challenge and a key factor in creating more walkable urban areas. Moreover, it is a critical aspect of climate-resilient urban planning as it is broadly assumed that neighborhoods with greater walkability discourage automobile use and reduce CO2 emissions. The idea of 15-minute cities, d...
Preprint
The automatic generation of floorplans given user inputs has great potential in architectural design and has recently been explored in the computer vision community. However, the majority of existing methods synthesize floorplans in the format of rasterized images, which are difficult to edit or customize. In this paper, we aim to synthesize floorp...
Chapter
Artificial intelligence is increasingly being adopted to optimize, simplify, and extend operations in various areas of knowledge. Over the years, AI has been defined in many distinct but connected ways, encompassing different subfields and methods. Although in recent years, AI has been equated with machine learning, this chapter explores another AI...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Over the years, computational lighting simulation software have become the industry standard for conducting daylighting analysis in the design of buildings. Such tools predominantly rely on computational graphics intensive algorithms such as ray casting and ray tracing to estimate daylighting inside buildings. Such ray tracing algorithms take longe...
Article
As cities become denser, traditional traffic patterns are challenged. Street retrofitting is needed to reduce car-dependency and to encourage new forms of mobility. This paper is the last part of a larger study aimed at identifying candidate streets for retrofitting, generating design proposals, and evaluating them. The Evaluation Module (EM) was b...
Article
In architecture, AM technologies have been used for rapid prototyping since the early 1990s. However, using AM for automated building construction represent a revolution for the industry that requires modeling the complex relationships between materials, printing system, and designs. An important aspect of research in this area is the deformation o...
Conference Paper
Disruptive robotic construction technologies such as additive deposition of cementitious materials like concrete (or “3D concrete printing”) require the synchronous operation of multiple pieces of equipment in the production setup. In such an environment, it is crucial to simulate the robotic motions (for toolpath clashes) and the cementitious mate...
Chapter
This paper discusses the multidimensional impact that the spatial structure of urban form has on the amount of energy consumed for community building operations. Benefiting from artificial neural networks, this study is able to factor in the many spatial dimensions of urban form and explore their combined effect on community wide net energy consump...
Chapter
The purpose of this study is to analyze William Hajjar’s single-family houses in State College, PA, and compare and contrast them with the European modernist work of Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer in the United States and with the traditional American architecture of the context. This analysis was performed using shape grammar as a computational...
Article
Full-text available
Kinetic façade systems can adjust to different environmental conditions, thereby improving daylight performance in buildings. Bistable laminates present large deflections and can maintain their state without continuous energy supply, appealing features for kinetic applications. Nevertheless, these engineered materials have yet to be studied for the...
Article
Full-text available
This work explores additive manufacturing (AM) of concrete by using a six-axis robotic arm and its use in large-scale, autonomous concrete construction. Concrete AM uses an extrusion method to deposit concrete beads in layers to create a three-dimensional (3D) shape. This method has been found to have many uses and advantages in construction applic...
Article
Full-text available
Designing urban areas that provide smaller distances to their amenities is a key factor toward more walkable environments. Moreover, this is a critical aspect of climate-resilient urban planning since it is broadly assumed that areas with greater walkability discourage automobile usage and reduce CO2 emissions. Generative and data-driven design app...
Article
Full-text available
Development of 3D-printing technologies for cementitious materials becomes one of the driving forces to accelerate innovation in modern construction. The use of mineral and chemical admixtures in concrete has been found to benefit fresh and hardened properties and reduce the carbon footprint of portland cement. Towards this aim, four different supp...
Article
Full-text available
This state of the art review paper aims to discuss the results of a literature survey on possible ways to reinforce printed concrete based on existing reinforcement strategies. Just as conventional concrete, for 3D printed concrete to be suitable for large-scale construction, reinforcement is needed to increase the tensile capacity of concrete memb...
Chapter
Cities are complex systems that face continuous change of environmental, developmental, and political conditions. This dynamic complexity calls into question traditional urban planning and design principles and demands new approaches that can be accomplished using new technologies such as artificial intelligence and specifically machine learning. T...
Article
Full-text available
This paper discusses the development of an experimental software prototype that uses surrogate models for predicting the monthly energy consumption of urban-scale community design scenarios in real time. The surrogate models were prepared by training artificial neural networks on datasets of urban form and monthly energy consumption values of all z...
Article
Full-text available
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented global event that has been challenging governments, health systems, and communities worldwide. Available data from the first months indicated varying patterns of the spread of COVID-19 within American cities, when the spread was faster in high-density and walkable cities suc...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The goal of the research described in this paper is to address climate change by promoting the production of renewable energy in building envelopes, which are exposed to solar radiation. It proposes an energy-based design paradigm, where energy processes shape the building form, and a digital design system for building envelopes that considers the...
Article
Full-text available
The world experiences a surge in population accompanied by fast urbanization processes. As a result, cities face numerous urban and social problems, leading to the emergence of informal settlements. In response, computational and parametric resources are being adopted to support innovative approaches to urban planning and design. This paper describ...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Lack of affordable housing is a problem worldwide. Rapid urbanization, rural exodus, and poor governance policies have contributed to the problem. In response, the population turns to self-construction. The result: informal settlements located predominantly in marginalized urban areas (United Nations, 2015) that develop with neither urban infrastru...
Article
No âmbito da Indústria 4.0, é proposto um sistema para potenciar a articulação da Realidade Aumentada com a Manufatura Robotizada na indústria da construção. O objetivo deste sistema é permitir que robôs aprendam a realizar tarefas através da interação direta com operadores humanos. Num primeiro passo, estabeleceu-se uma conexão entre um robô e seu...
Article
Additive manufacturing (AM) of cementitious material is a multidisciplinary effort that depends on multiple aspects such as printing system, toolpath design and material properties. Although each of these aspects are important individually, their combined effect must also be considered. For instance, the rheological and physical properties of fresh...
Article
This paper reviews and extracts lessons from historic buildings, whose stability relies mainly on compression to resist gravity loads, that can inform the construction of affordable housing and shelters using 3D printed concrete without reinforcement and formwork. The first part consists of a literature survey of historic constructions with systems...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Autonomous construction, assembly, and 3D printing of concrete are promising technologies for building structures in the near-term on Earth and longer-term in extra-terrestrial environments like Mars. However, such technologies require design professionals to optimize the building design for constructability constraints imposed by the 3D printing s...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
This paper investigates computational optimization techniques at the urban design scale, aiming to improve the performance of urban fabric layouts according to predefined evaluation metrics. To this end, this work addresses the use of optimization tools in urban design by comparing various optimization algorithms for generating urban fabrics with i...
Chapter
Full-text available
This chapter illustrates a novel framework combining building information model (BIM) and various artificial intelligence techniques developed as part of The Pennsylvania State University’s participation in NASA’s 3D-Printed Mars Habitat Centennial Challenge. It encompasses a parametric algorithm for generating design alternatives and a common BIM-...
Article
An introduction to development efforts for cementitious materials that are compatible with 3D printing, including cement-based and geopolymer-based binders, as well as functionally graded materials.
Article
Full-text available
This paper proposes a parametric shape grammar for ancient Egyptian funerary monuments. The corpus of monuments includes ten rock-cut structures, duly documented. They exhibit different grades of completion and preservation and possess variant archaeological documentation. The generation of a design following the proposed grammar depends both on fo...
Article
As projects become more globally dispersed, site visits and analysis become challenging, often leading to the use of secondary information (e.g., photos, plans, and videos). Immersive technology offers embodied , visual, and spatial perspectives, providing unique information about a site that could be beneficial. Our research examines how virtual e...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The World is experiencing a rapid surge in urban population, in addition to fast urbanization processes. Contemporary cities witness the rise of numerous urban and social problems, leading to the emergence of informal settlements. Still, computational and parametric resources have increasingly been adopted in novel approaches to urban planning and...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
This paper discusses the multidimensional impact that the spatial structure of urban form has on the amount of energy consumed for community building operations. Benefiting from artificial neural networks, this study is able to factor in the many spatial dimensions of urban form and explore their combined effect on community wide net energy consump...
Conference Paper
In the scope of Industry 4.0, a framework is proposed to leverage the potential of articulating Augmented Reality and Robotic Manufacturing in the construction industry. The objective of such framework is to enable robots to learn how to perform tasks using direct interaction with human operators. As a first step, we established a connection betwee...
Article
Additive manufacturing (AM) of cementitious material has become a popular subject over the last decade. The multidisciplinary nature of this topic has led researchers from multiple areas of expertise such as architecture, engineering, and materials science to collaborate to improve the technology, which does not permit yet to print mixtures with co...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
This paper focuses on the problem of lack of housing, due to fast urbanization processes and urban population growth, particularly in developing regions of the globe. The goal is to propose an alternative for planning housing settlements, using a computational-based approach, and having as a case study an existing Brazilian favela, Santa Marta. The...
Chapter
In the past few years, the adaptation of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for the building industry has reached new levels of sophistication, triggering design and development of novel 3D-printable materials and material interfaces; inspiring innovative architectural details; rethinking of material-specific printing systems; and enabling si...
Article
Full-text available
3D-printing of cementitious materials is an innovative construction approach where building elements can be constructed without the use of formwork. Despite potential benefits in the construction industry, it introduces various engineering challenges from the material point of view. This paper reviews the properties of extrusion-based 3D-printed ce...
Article
Full-text available
In mass customization, software configurators enable novice end-users to design customized products and services according to their needs and preferences. However, traditional configurators hardly provide an engaging experience while avoiding the burden of choice. We propose a Design Participation Model to facilitate navigating the design space, ba...