José-Carlos García-Rosell

• PhD Management
• Professor at University of Oulu

The growing popularity of the countryside as a place of consumption and recreation has contributed to the diversification of farming into tourism and the commodification of farm animals for touristic use. For example, in the UK, a number of livestock farms have opened their premises to the public, configuring and promoting them as tourism attractio...

This is the editorial of a special issue focusing on animals as dark tourism attractions. The papers in the special issue examine three types of attractions: bullfighting; the Giant Panda Museum; and, zoos and aquariums. Each paper not only expands the notion of what constitutes a dark tourism experience, but also draws attention to the importance...

The term ”business ethics” has been considered an oxymoron, like water and oil or opposing poles (Collins, 1994). Business is often associated with hard values, while ethics is associated with soft values. But is this viewpoint justified? After all, the foundation of business relationships rests upon pillars of trust, honesty, and reliability. Fort...

Acknowledging organizations within a multispecies world is crucial for advancing sustainability. This commentary advocates for “multispecies inclusivity” in business and society as a new concept, transcending the traditional anthropocentrism that determines whose interests “matter.” We offer insights into this concept, discuss associated challenges...

Tässä katsausartikkelissa Lapin yliopiston matkailututkijat tarkastelevat teemoja, joiden voidaan katsoa sijoittuvan suomalaisen kriittisen yhteiskuntatieteellisen matkailututkimuksen keskiöön. Uuden työn, matkailun vastuullisen talouden, hitauden ja läheisyyden, monilajisuuden, osallisuuden ja kulttuurisensitiivisyyden teemojen kautta on viime vuo...

This entry discusses CSR as a question of applied ethics, elaborating on consequentialism, utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics as different ethical approaches to corporate responsibility.

The topic of animal ethics has advanced in tourism studies since its inception in 2000, based on a diverse range of studies on species involvement, types of uses and contexts, level of engagement, states of animals, and theoretical perspectives. While there is still considerable scope to amplify research on animal-based tourism, a gap exists in tou...

Animal-based tourism companies operate as a sensitive ecosystem in which a poor season of tourism flows can lead to ethically questionable decisions regarding the lives of thousands of animals for the sake of cutting economic losses. In this case, we show how a husky kennel engages in political corporate social responsibility and activism to transf...

Drawing on ethical theory, this paper discusses the ethics of corporate responsibility (CSR): the principles for doing what is good, right, and virtuous with respect to the roles and responsibilities that business organizations have in society. We argue that the discussion and debate on CSR inevitably entail fundamental ethical issues and would the...

Over recent decades, sustainability labels have established themselves as important management tools in the tourism and hospitality industries. The idea behind sustainability labelling is that it provides a guarantee that an independent assessment (e.g., a third-party audit) has been conducted and that the company (i.e., its services and practices)...

This chapter looks at corporate activism on animal welfare within the context of dog sledding tourism businesses in northern Finland. Using institutional theory and care ethics, the chapter explores and illustrates how a group of husky kennels engage in political action to induce change to improve the living and working conditions of sled dogs. In...

The purpose of this study is to experience and reflect on the methodological and epistemological implications of a walking tour as a mode of presenting and disseminating marketing knowledge. We invite you to join us on a walking tour built around food, and shaped by the spatiotemporal dynamics of a Nordic city. By moving through the streets and gre...

In this chapter, we aim to contribute to the development of the 'diverse and morally challenging issues' associated not only with the question of animal rights and ethics per se., but also with the interrelationship between non-human and human animals as objects of workplace management and exploitation. In order to achieve this, we consider the rel...

This chapter investigates the experiential nature of luxury emerging in various practices related to a yoga retreat holiday in luxury hotel premises. In foregrounding the embodied and subjective nature of luxury, we depart from the conventional understanding of luxury defined by the managerial, product- and brand-centric views (Kapferer and Bastien...

The concept of co-creation has been extensively discussed in tourism and hospitality research. Most studies focus mainly on exploring the involvement of customers in experience creation and the development of tourism services and innovations. Although this way of thinking can be valuable for creating competitive tourism services, it neglects other...

Stakeholder theory has largely been anthropocentric in its focus on human actors and interests, failing to recognise the impact of nonhumans in business and organisations. This leads to an incomplete understanding of organisational contexts that include key relationships with nonhuman animals. In addition, the limited scholarly attention paid to no...

In this chapter, our aim is to examine how animals are tourism stakeholders by applying this feminist framework to animal labour. We note that the wellbeing of many animals in organizations can be seen as of key strategic importance, especially within animal tourism branding itself ‘responsible’ or ‘ethical’, and as such, the care of the animal wor...

Exactly one decade ago, John Urry (2010) presented a range of possible futures for the middle of this century assuming that global warming continued to escalate. In his scenarios, Urry described the substantial breakdown of the multiple mobility, energy and communication connections that continue to straddle our globalized market society. This snap...

Ecotourism is viewed as a suitable context for disseminating knowledge about nature and promoting environmental values among tourists. However, few studies have drawn attention to the educational impact of ecotourism on young children. Moreover, environmental education in ecotourism tends to be framed by anthropocentric premises in which nature is...

There is an emerging body of work that explores the role of tourists as active co-creators of their own experiences and thus the places that they visit (Ek et al. 2008). These studies challenge the conventional understanding of tourists as passive spectators. As Richard Ek and colleagues (2008) stress, tourists perform and produce tourism experienc...

Although there is a growing body of literature focusing on the use of qualitative research approaches for understanding human-animal relations, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the topic in tourism studies. In particular, the central role played by animals in the tourism industry and thus in the creation of tourism experiences call...

Recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding the relationship between sounds and the co-creation of tourism experience. For instance, an interdisciplinary research group formed by scholars from five European universities is currently exploring the acoustic experience of tourists visiting urban destinations by using the case of Lisbo...

Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism Journal Special Issue / Call for Papers

The concept of co-creation has been extensively discussed in tourism and hospitality research. Most studies focus mainly on exploring the involvement of customers in experience creation and the development of tourism services and innovations. Although this way of thinking can be valuable for creating competitive tourism services, it neglects other...

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) pedagogies and teaching techniques have been extensively discussed in the literature. They are viewed as crucial for illustrating business–society relationships and encouraging business students to act ethically. Although the experiential learning perspective prevails in the discussions on CSR education, little...

The ethnographic action research approach illustrated in this case study was used as part of our PhD research, which took place within a tourism development context in the Finnish province of Lapland. The case study provides insights into our experiences and reflections throughout the different stages of two research and development projects based...

Tourism has become a central policy issue in the strategic planning of the arctic region. For instance, Arctic regions located in the Nordic countries have been creating strategies for tourism development. One of these regions is Finnish Lapland, which started tourism development in 1980s and is nowadays one of the fastest growing destinations in t...

Lapland’s tourism operators are very aware of the great significance of animals as a part of the tourism service selection. However, information about animal-based tourism services has been sparse and lacking in many ways. This is why we conducted an extensive study of background information and the current situation. For example, we determined the...

There is a trend in Western society for travelers to seek for authentic experiences in the places they visit. Although travelers in the past would have satisfied their thirst for authenticity with a dinner in a local restaurant or just a chat with a local person, nowadays they want to experience the whole destination like those who live there do. A...

The Barents Euro-Arctic Region has a great potential to be an even more attractive destination for international tourism since the tourism industry keeps growing despite the economic difficulties. Joint Working Group on Tourism of the Barents Euro-Arctic Council promotes tourism in the area. The Barents Interregional Tourism Action Plan (2013) high...

Networking and collaboration between academics and practitioners is becoming more intense as a response to the growing demand for tourism research to contribute to the growth and competitiveness of both regional and national economies. Whereas this development challenges the traditional role of academia, it also offers an opportunity to rethink the...

Tuotekehityksen tärkeyttä painotetaan sekä valtakunnallisissa, alueellisissa että kunnallisissa matkailustrategioissa. Matkailustrategioilla linjataan matkailun alueellisia tavoitteita ja toimenpiteitä, ja usein niissä korostetaan tarvetta kehittää uusia, entistä kilpailukykyisempiä, houkuttelevampia ja kestävämpiä tuotteita matkailuun (Haanpää, Ga...

Vastuullinen matkailu kiinnostaa ja puhuttaa nykyään sekä matkailun toimijoita että tutkijoita. Yhä useammassa matkailualan organisaatiossa mietitään, mitä eri sidos-ryhmät heiltä odottavat ja mitä vastuullisuus kokonaisuudessaan omassa toiminta-ympäristössä tarkoittaa. Eri puolille maailmaa on syntynyt järjestöjä, jotka pyrkivät edistämään vastuul...

Tourism is one of the social practices in which human-animal encounters are direct and conscious. Animals not only play a key role in the creation of tourism and leisure experiences, but they have even become icons and symbols of destinations around the world. Hence, the theoretical problematization of human-animal relationships is clearly reflecte...

For the past two decades, labels, certifications and standards have emerged as management and marketing tools for helping companies manage and reduce the environmental and social impacts caused by their products, services and operations. These tools, which are voluntary self-regulations, are used by companies that want to go beyond legal requiremen...

Events can convey strong meanings for communities and they can be important builders of place identity (Getz, 2008). This chapter explores the relationship between a community event and the place where it is held. The empirical case discussed here is the Walpurgis Day celebration (Vappu in Finnish), which is organised annually by a community of dom...

Despite an emerging stream of literature addressing emotional labor in tourism and hospitality, little attention has been given to the role of emotions in experience-based enterprises. This study concentrates on the occupational experiences of new tourism and hospitality workers who are required to play a fictional role and wear fantasy character c...

Christmas has become a global phenomenon with economic relevance (Miller 2001). Even in countries with no Christian traditions, Christmas remains an important socio-economic event (Hancock & Rehn, 2011). While there are several tourism studies on Christmas (e.g. Hall, 2008; Pretes; 2007), Christmas as tourism imaginaries has received few attention....

In this chapter, I explore how the use of problem-based learning (PBL) in sustainability teaching opens up opportunities for going beyond reflection to support critical reflexive practice that might enable students to question assumptions embodied in both theory and professional practice. Although PBL has been widely discussed in relation to touris...

Nykypäivänä etnografisesta tutkimusotteesta on tullut useilla tieteenaloilla käytetty menetelmä. Uusissa käyttömuodoissaan se yhdistyy muun muassa kehittämishaasteisiin. Etnografiaa tehdään erilaisissa organisaatioissa, yhteisöissä ja konteksteissa: yrityksissä, festivaaleilla, kylissä, kouluissa, sosiaalisessa mediassa jne. Menetelmää käytetään my...

In many ways, Rovaniemi's Christmas tourism is a unique phenomenon that has so far been surprisingly little studied. Therefore, it was justified and interesting to choose it as a theme for a thesis seminar of the bachelor’s degree in tourism research, which was held at the Multidimensional Tourism Institute (MTI) at the University of Lapland in the...

Joulupukki lienee nykyään Rovaniemen tunnetuin asukas. Ihmiset eri puolilta maailmaa saapuvat tapaamaan pukkia pohjoiselle napapiirille ja kokemaan joulua ympäri vuoden. Näin ei ole ollut aina eikä vielä edes kovin pitkään. Rovaniemen joulumatkailu sai alkunsa noin 30 vuotta sitten, jolloin Lappia alettiin markkinoida matkailijoille joulumaana ja N...

Vielä 30 vuotta sitten Rovaniemen lentokenttä ja hotellit olivat suljettuina joulun aikaan. Nykyään joulu on Rovaniemen vilkkain ja kansainvälisin matkailusesonki. Ihmiset eri puolilta maailmaa saapuvat Lappiin tapaamaan joulupukkia – mutta myös kokemaan talven ihmemaata. Lumi on tunnelman luoja, ja matkailumainosten kuvaama joulupukki asuu lumihan...

Although experiential learning has been widely discussed in relation to the teaching of corporate social responsibility, the socially mediated and discursive nature of experiential learning approaches to corporate social responsibility has been either neglected or given only cursory coverage in the literature. Considering this gap, I problematise c...

KTL José-Carlos García-Rosell johtamisen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja ”A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective on Sustainable Marketing: Promoting Sustainability though Action and Research” tarkastettiin Lapin yliopistossa 22.02.2013. Vastaväittäjänä toimi tutkimusprofessori, dosentti Eva Heiskanen Kuluttajatutkimuskeskuksesta ja kustoksena professori Anu Val...

Sustainable marketing research has made great efforts in exploring ways to integrate customers’ social and environmental concerns into marketing strategy. Although recent developments in the field of stakeholder marketing have contributed to its shift from being customer-oriented to having a broader stakeholder orientation, sustainable marketing co...

The overall intention of this Barents Interregional Tourism Action Plan is to offer an overview of the state of the tourism industry in this Nordic region. By articulating the views, needs and demands of Barents entrepreneurs, the Action Plan aims to encourage policy makers in national ministries, government agencies and EU institutions to provide...

The Barents Euro-Arctic Region is characterized by high diversity and extensive territory. The region consists of 13 municipalities located in the northernmost parts of Sweden, Norway, Finland and North-West Russia. Around five and a half million people live in this area, among them indigenous people like Sámi, Nenets, Vepsians and Komi, scattered...

Työelämäläheisten oppimisympäristöjen kehittäminen oli yksi Matkailualan tutkimus- ja koulutusinstituutin (MTI) koulutusstrategisista linjauksista, kun instituutti perustettiin vuonna 2009. MTI:n tavoitteeksi asetettiin myös yhteistyön lisääminen sekä instituuttiin kuuluvien koulutusorganisaatioiden että matkailualan toimijoiden kesken. (MTI, 2009....

Matkailualan korkeakoulutusta on kritisoitu siitä, ettei opiskelijoille ole tarjolla riittäviä mahdollisuuksia alalla tarvittavien taitojen ja kykyjen kehittämiseen esimerkiksi käytännön matkailutöiden kautta (Fidgeon, 2010; Tribe, 2002). Kritiikki on lisännyt uudenlaisten opetusmenetelmien ja lähestymistapojen kokeilua ja käyttöönottoa matkailuala...

Tuotekehityksellä on keskeinen rooli matkakohteiden vetovoiman ylläpitämisessä. Matkailuliiketoiminnan tutkimuksessa sitä on teoretisoitu tuote- ja asiakaslähtöisin mallein sekä kanssatuottajuudellisena toimintana. Tarkastelemme lähemmin kanssatuottajuuden näkökulmaa ja esitämme tuotekehityksen ennakoivana toimintana yrityksen tai muun tuotekehitys...

The adoption of sustainable practices has become widespread in tourism and has led to the proliferation of sustainability evaluation tools. They focus mainly on measuring outcomes, making scientific expertise an essential part of evaluations. This study argues that involving stakeholders throughout the evaluation process is essential if evaluation...

Ever since the introduction of sustainable development by the Brundtland Commission in 1987, both business and public organisations have been expressing their interest in and commitment to environmental and social causes issues usually thought to be counter to profit maximisation in new ways. In organisational practice, however, the very notion of...

Tämä käsikirja auttaa hahmottamaan tuotekehityksen eri tilanteisiin sopivana kehittämistoimenpiteenä ja tarjoaa työkaluja kaikkiin tuotekehitysprosessin vaiheisiin. Tämän käsikirjan avulla tuotekehityksestä hyötyy niin kasvuhakuinen ohjelmatalo tai kansainvälistyvä hotelliketju kuin vaikkapa pienyritys, jonka tavoitteena on ylläpitää perinnettä ja...

This licentiate thesis is concerned with the discussion on business–society relations that has been taking place within the discipline of marketing. Although there has been extensive research on marketing’s relationship with society and the natural environment, the focus has predominantly been on exploring ways to integrate social and environmental...

There is a vast amount of literature suggesting that most students find learning difficult to internalize, understand and apply unless they become actively involved in it (e.g. Bligh 1998; Gibbs & Jenkins 1992; Ramsden 1992; Higgs & McCarthy 2005). In a sense, this suggests that traditional lectures, in which lecturers assume the role of experts an...

Sustainability has emerged as the buzzword of 21st century. However, the topic has attracted the interest of marketers since the late 1960s. Based on a review of the literature concerning sustainable marketing we argue that there is a need for increasing understanding of sustainability by elaborating on prevailing ethical approaches. We base our an...

Most of the theoretical development of green marketing has focused on providing marketers with “recipes” for dealing with the rising environmental consciousness of consumers, public bodies, and other stakeholders and thus for managing their demands and requirements. By presenting a review of previous research publications we intent to illuminate th...

The tourism industry is a rapidly growing economic and cultural domain with remarkable societal effects. Critical tourism studies have discussed these effects from different theoretical perspectives. However, they have mostly concentrated on existing tourism products – on their consumption and consequences – and left tourism product development wit...

In this paper, I intend to highlight the role that research methodologies such as “action research” and “grounded theory” may play in helping to understand social responsibility and facilitating the discussion on business in society. Although these methodologies are often associated with qualitative research, they can involve both qualitative and q...

The accounting data of voluntarily book keeping farms for the farm accounting network are the basis for the comparison of conventional and organic farms, both forage and cash crops growing farms. The high number of forage growing farms (most of them dairy farms) participating in the farm accounting data network allows for a comparison differentiati...