Jorge Luis Petro

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• Doctor of Basic Biomedical Sciences
• Professor (Full) at University of Córdoba

Introduction: Professional supervision in resistance training for body composition can optimize results at higher training levels. Objective: This study aimed to assess body composition (BC) changes over a fifteen-month resistance training (RT) program in resistance-trained men who exercised without professional supervision. Hypothesis: We hypothes...

Petro, J. L., Restrepo-Botero, D. A., Rincón-Yepes, C. A., Franco-Hoyos, K., Agudelo-Martínez, A., Cardozo, L. A., Duque-Zuluaga, L. T., Vélez-Gutiérrez, J. M., Cannataro, R., Rojas-Jaramillo, A., Kreider, R. B., & Bonilla, D. A. (2025). Reply to Carrera-Gil et al. Comment on “Sum of Skinfold-Corrected Girths Correlates with Resting Energy Expendit...

The 4Rs of sports nutrition were proposed in recent years as an evidence-based framework to optimize post-exercise recovery within the context of allostasis. Under this paradigm, it is important to consider that each R represents a factor with a tremendous influence on the allostatic response and improves individual components of the allostatic loa...

Soccer is an intermittent sport characterized by periods of high intensity interspersed with varying levels of recovery. During the game, soccer players are required to perform numerous determinant actions, such as accelerations, decelerations, pace and directional changes, jumps, and strikes, which demand high levels of strength, speed, endurance...

Energy metabolism is a central topic in physical activity and sports sciences. However, some concepts still require biological contextualization and more precise terminology in scientific literature. In this regard, the purpose of this review was to highlight certain concepts that deserve to be reconsidered and possibly excluded from the vocabulary...

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease, are significant global health concerns. Under the allostasis paradigm, the body’s physiological systems continually adjust to maintain stability in response to stressors, and chronic exposure to these can lead to allostatic overload, contributing to the development of NC...

Bonilla DA, Petro JL, Kreider RB, Cannataro R. Sports Medicine: Nutritional Sciences and Nutritional Biochemistry, Focusing on Nutritional Supplements from the FFNFO Framework to Contamination. Life. 2024; 14(11):1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111392

Our study aimed to validate existing equations and develop the new NRGCO equation to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) in the Colombian population with moderate-to-high physical activity levels. Upon satisfying the inclusion criteria, a total of 86 (43F, 43M) healthy adults (mean [SD]: 27.5 [7.7] years; 67.0 [13.8] kg) were evaluated for an...

Obesity has become a global epidemic affecting diverse populations and leading to metabolic syndrome across different sexes and age groups. A significant aspect of obesity is the development of leptin resistance, primarily due to the inefficient transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier and other mechanisms such as protein folding and dysr...

Editorial on the Research Topic New insights and advances in body recomposition

Background Myonectin is a myokine with potential effects on the lipid metabolism; however, its regulation by exercise in humans remains unclear. We aimed to compare the efficacy of high-intensity interval training low-volume (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on serum myonectin, serum lipids, appendicular fat and lean mass,...

Context Movement velocity (MV) may be a valid tool to evaluate and control the load in resistance training (RT). The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) also enables practical load management. The relationship between RPE and MV may be used to monitor RT intensity. Objective To evaluate the validity and practicality of RPE scales related to MV and...

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional strategy characterized by a reduced intake of carbohydrates (between 30 and 45 g per day or ≈5% of one’s total calories from this macronutrient). The regimen induces physiological ketosis in which serum levels of ketone bodies increase from 0.5 to 3.0 mM, becoming an essential contributor to energy productio...

Background The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of a nonlinear training program on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, as well as the response of biochemical parameters such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholester...

Background: The effect of low-carbohydrate high-fat dietary manipulation, such as the ketogenic diet (KD), on muscle strength assessment in resistance-training (RT) participants has focused on the one-repetition maximum test (1-RM). However, a pre-specified 1-RM value during an exercise training program disregards several confounding factors (i.e....

Background Social factors and networks of friends can influence an adolescent’s behavior, including academic performance (AP) in school. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between AP and adolescents’ social networks in a Caribbean city in Colombia. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with 806 schoolchildren from 12 to 17 year...

Mexico City is the location with the largest number of boxers in Mexico; in fact, it is the first city in the country to open a Technological Baccalaureate in Education and Sports Promotion with a pugilism orientation. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the physical–functional profile of applicants for admission to the baccalaureate in s...

Study purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of deep dry needling (DP) on lower-limb muscle strength-related variables in CrossTraining recreational athletes with latent trigger points (TrP). Materials and methods. A total of 19 healthy CrossFit®-trained males (27.8 [4.7] years; 79.8 [10.4] kg; 1.76 [0.07] cm) with myof...

Non-exercise physical activity (NEPA), also called unstructured or informal physical activity, refers to those daily activities that require movement of the human body without planning or strict control of the physical effort made. Due to new technologies and motorized transportation devices, the general population has significantly decreased its N...

Myonectin has shown beneficial effects on lipid regulation in murine models; therefore, it may have implications in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MS). We evaluated the relationship between serum myonectin and serum lipids, global and regional fat mass, intramuscular lipid content, and insulin resistance (IR) in adults with metabolic ri...

Depression is considered the most important disorder affecting mental health. The aim of this systematic integrative review was: (i) to describe the effects of supplementation with adaptogens on variables related to depression in adults; and (ii) to discuss the potential combination with physical exercise to aid planning and commissioning future cl...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by an affectation at the brain and cognitive level, which means greater difficulty in behavioral responses. Cognitive stimulation has become a form of rehabilitation of the executive functions, such as inhibition, self-control and attention. Within rehabilitation, physical activity as...

Background: Endurance performance has been shown to be enhanced by strength training. Therefore, there is a potential relationship between power-related variables such as the countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) with specific cardiorespiratory performance parameters such as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and velocity at VO2max (vVO2ma...

Purpose This study evaluated the concurrent training (CT) effect in combination with either progressive energy restriction (PER) or severe energy restriction (SER) on body composition and strength-related variables in resistance-trained women. Methods Fourteen women (29.5 ± 3.8 years; 23.8 ± 2.8 kg·m⁻²) were randomly assigned to a PER (n = 7) or S...

It is estimated that three to five million sports injuries occur worldwide each year. The highest incidence is reported during competition periods with mainly affectation of the musculo-skeletal tissue. For appropriate nutritional management and correct use of nutritional supplements, it is important to individualize based on clinical effects and k...

The academic curriculum has shown to promote sedentary behavior in college students. This study aimed to profile the physical fitness of physical education majors using unsupervised machine learning and to identify the differences between sexes, academic years, socioeconomic strata, and the generated profiles. A total of 542 healthy and physically...

Vargas-Molina, S. García-Sillero, M.; Petro, J. L.; Bonilla, D. A.; García-Romero, J. C.; Benítez-Porres, J. P019 Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on Heart Rate Variability in Resistance-Trained Women. In "FINUT 2022 Conference Abstracts; October 9-11". Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2022. doi: 10.1159/000526958

Weight resistance training (RT) is an essential component of physical conditioning programs to improve the quality of life and physical fitness in different ages and populations. This integrative review aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between exercise selection and the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries in physical...

The estimation of body fat percentage (%BF) from anthropometry-related data requires population-specific equations to avoid incorrect interpretations in young athletes. Waist girth (WG) has been described as potential predictor of fat mass (FM) in several populations; however, there are no valid WG-based equations to estimate body composition in yo...

Vargas-Molina, Salvador1; Bonilla, Diego A.2; Petro, Jorge L.3; García-Romero, Jerónimo C.4; García-Sillero, Manuel1; Kreider, Richard B. FACSM5; Benítez-Porres, Javier4. Effects Of The Ketogenic Diet On Blood Biochemical Parameters In Resistance-trained Women: A Pilot Study: 2529. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: September 2022 - Volume 54...

Waist girth (WG) represents a quick, simple, and inexpensive tool that correlates with excess of fat mass in humans; however, this measurement does not provide information on body composition. The evaluation of body composition is one of the main components in the assessment of nutritional status. Indeed, the use of anthropometry-based equations to...

Background Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to be an effective and safe nutritional supplement to improve performance; however, the impact of CrM supplementation in young basketball players is less clear. This study evaluated the effects of CrM supplementation during a strength and conditioning training (SCT) program on low...

Currently, the treatment for the central nervous system (CNS) and neurocognitive fluctuations as a result of sports injuries is considered a relatively uncovered area under the sports neuroscience paradigm. For example, the compensatory neural changes (e.g., brain cortical changes) and the cognitive load can create a feedforward loop that affects r...

Objective: To evaluate changes in body composition and strength after menstrual cycle-based or traditional undulating resistance training (RT) programs in women. Equipment and methods: Ten resistance-trained and eumenorrheic women (26.6 ± 3.0 years; 164.7 ± 6.5 cm; 62.3 ± 6.8 kg) were randomly assigned to a menstrual cycle-based periodized upper/lo...

Introduction: Undulating training has been investigated in sedentary and trained adults, but less is known about the influence of undulating training in older adults. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate body composition, strength levels, and physical fitness in response to traditional or undulating training in older adults. Methods: A contro...

The immune function is closely related to iron (Fe) homeostasis and allostasis. The aim of this bioinformatics-assisted review was twofold; (i) to update the current knowledge of Fe metabolism and its relationship to the immune system, and (ii) to perform a prediction analysis of regulatory network hubs that might serve as potential biomarkers duri...

Cluster-set resistance training is focused on performance improvements of sports by increasing the repetition maximum, jump height, and efficiency in the sprint. In this commentary, we present relevant aspects to optimize the use of cluster training under the context of muscle hypertrophy. Therefore, we address intra-sets pauses, the number of repe...

Introduction: The study of anthropometry-based indicators of morphology and maturity status might contribute to the talent identification, sports specialization and early categorization of young athletes. The Urabá subregion is considered one of the geographical locations with the highest sport potential in Colombia; however, no study has evaluated...

ABSTRACT | Introduction: Several regression equations for estimating stature have been used by health professionals in the clinical, nutritional, and forensic practice. However, there is a lack of standardization when taking measures and further population-specific equations are needed. We aimed to develop and validate an equation to estimate statu...

Weight resistance training (RT) has been shown to positively influence physical performance. Within the last two decades, a methodology based on monitoring RT through movement velocity (also called velocity-based resistance training, VBRT) has emerged. The aim of this PRISMA-based systematic review was to evaluate the effect of VBRT programs on var...

Background The objective of the study was to analyze the associations of family aspects, physical fitness, and physical activity with mental-health indicators in a sample of adolescents from Colombia. Methods A cross-sectional study carried out in a sample of 988 adolescents (11-17 years-old) from public schools in Montería. Mental-health indicato...

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio grupal de moderada intensidad (EGMI) sobre la presión arterial (PA) y la capacidad funcional (VO2pico) en mujeres posmenopáusicas hipertensas. Treinta mujeres voluntarias (63.36±1.06 años; 158.6±5.50 cm; 70.97±9.44 kg; 28.21±2.60 kg·m-2) fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a...

Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, dramatically affects the quality of life. Although there is a consensus that sarcopenia is a multifactorial syndrome, the etiology and underlying mechanisms are not yet delineated. Moreover, research about nutritional interventions to prevent the development of sarcopenia is m...

BACKGROUND Supervised strength training has been shown to promote physiological adaptations in children and youth that can be beneficial to the process of physical growth and developed, and general health status. METHODS Sixty-three children (9.2 [Formula: see text] 0.5 years old) were randomly assigned to training groups: multi jumps (MJ) ([Formu...

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a ketogenic diet on blood pressure, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) in trained women. Methods Twenty-one resistance-trained women performed an 8-week resistance training program after a 3-week familiarization phase. Participants we...

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to improve body composition and muscle strength when combined with resistance training (RT); however, no study has evaluated the combination of this nutritional strategy with cluster-set resistance training (CS-RT). The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of CrM supplemen...

El objetivo del estudio fue reportar los valores de referencia para el VO2máx indirecto obtenido en las pruebas de Cooper Run Test (CRT) y Shuttle Run Test (SRT-20m) en población adulta entrenada que reside a una altitud entre los 2600 y 3700 msnm. Un total de 614 sujetos físicamente activos (118 mujeres, 496 hombres; 20.2±2.3 años; 65.3±10.3 kg; 1...

Background: The study of clusters of risk factors for elevated blood pressure (EBP) among adolescents from low- middle-income countries has received little research attention. The objective of the study was to identify clusters of EBP precursors (i.e., overweight, physical fitness, risk diet, and body movement) and to analyze its associations with...

Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de actividad física, composición corporal, fuerza prensil, consumo de alimentos, y sus posibles asociaciones, en trabajadores de una institución de educación superior. Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 141 empleados administrativos y docentes (56 % mujeres y 44 % hombres), seleccionados mediante mu...

El músculo esquelético es un actor emergente en la fisiopatología del síndrome metabólico (SM), a través de la producción de mioquinas como la mionectina. Se ha planteado que la mionectina regula la concentración plasmática y acumulación de lípidos en modelos murinos1, sin embargo, su papel en humanos no está claro y la evidencia a partir de los es...

Background Kinanthropometry offers to exercise and health professionals a standardized procedure of acquiring surface anatomical measurements that might be used to track changes in body composition. Aim To describe simple anthropometric indices to monitor body composition changes in amateur and elite athletes, and to provide reference values durin...

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is considered a potent adaptogen and anti-stress agent that could have some potential to improve physical performance. This preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA)-based comprehensive systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis aimed to evaluate clinical trials up to 2020 from Pu...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of various recovery techniques on muscle tissue after eccentric exercise-induced muscle fatigue (EIMF). Forty subjects (24.3 ± 2.6 years; 77.45 ± 8.3 kg; 177.0 ± 6.4 cm; 24.66 ± 1.6 kg∙m−2) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: manual therapy (n =10, MT), mechanical vibration (n = 10...

Background: Unhealthy dietary habits are frequent in college students, which can affect health and academic performance. The aim of this study was twofold: i) to characterize the body composition (BC) and morphological features (MF) of freshman students based on unsupervised machine learning using anthropometric (raw and derived) variables, and ii)...

Background: The academic curriculum has shown to promote sedentary behavior in university students. The study aimed (first) to characterize the physical fitness of undergraduate students enrolled in a physical activity-related program by the generation of profiles using unsupervised machine learning and (second) to identify differences between sexe...

The Urabá subregion is one of the most prominent cradles of Colombian elite athletes and, therefore, highly recognized within the “Land of Athletes” framework of the Colombian Ministry of Sports. In order to contribute to the young talent identification and selection of sports specialization, the aim of this STROBE-based cross-sectional study was t...

There are genetic sequences that might be associated with improved athletic performance, such as the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D), which are related to phenotypes of increased muscle strength and endurance, respectively. This STREGA-based cross-sectional study compared t...

En la actualidad, la motivación es uno de los campos de mayor interés en la práctica deportiva de alto rendimiento; de hecho, han surgido nuevos planteamientos y, al mismo tiempo, interrogantes acerca de las razones que llevan al deportista bien sea al incremento o bien al descenso de su rendimiento. El objetivo de este artículo es resumir diferent...

Kinetic Performance in collaboration with the International Network of Sports and Health Science (INSHS), the Spanish Association of Sports Performance and the support of the Tourism Organization of Costa Blanca and the Provincial Council of Alicante organizes the Summer Event on scientific research design in the area of sports science. The Summer...

Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 17, 23 (2020)

Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 17, 23 (2020)

The objective of this research was to compare the effect of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) exerted on the back squat (BS) versus the barbell hip thrust (HT) on the sprint performance (5- and 10-m). 17 male amateur rugby players participated in the study (age 22.14 ± 2.52 years; body mass 81.06 ± 9.6 kg; height 1.78 ± 0.05 m). All p...

Exercise improves quality of life in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). However, some people may not benefit because do not to meet the recommended amounts of exercise. The most argued reasons for that are lack of time and poor enjoyment. PURPOSE: to evaluate the efficacy of high-intensity interval training low-volume (HIIT-low volume) compare...

Introduction: The development of new strategies and work tools to optimize recovery time after an injury or to increase athletes’ sports performance has led to the exploration of traditional Chinese medicine techniques such as acupuncture. Objective: To analyze the effect of acupuncture on the treatment of sports injuries and the improvement of ath...

Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine Vol. 52 No. 5 Supplement S1

Compare the effects of both training methods

BACKGROUND Cluster Training (CL) is an alternative to traditional training where intra-set breaks are incorporated. Positive effects have been reported on sports performance. However, there is little research on body composition in trained subjects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three cluster training (CL) proto...

Background: The effect of ketogenic diets (KD) on body composition in different populations has been investigated. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere to ketogenic diets in order to optimize changes in body composition during training. However, there is less evidence related to trained women. We aimed to evaluate the effect of...

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of blood lactate [bLa-] and the subjective perception of exertion of trained men in a moderate repetition protocol (MRP) versus a high repetition protocol (HRP) equated for time under tension. Methods A sample of 40 healthy young men (aged, 23.2 ± 4.0 years; height, 177.3 ± 7.0 cm; BMI...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes on body composition and strength after menstrual cycle-based or traditional undulating resistance training (RT) programs in women. METHODS: Ten resistance-trained and eumenorrheic women (26.6±3.0 years; 164.7±6.5 cm; 62.3±6.8 kg; 23.0±1.8 kgm-2) were randomly assigned to a menstrual cycle-base...

resistance exercises is more similar to BJ and consequently to generate specific PAP response. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an anterior-posterior (hip thrust [HT]) movement generated higher PAP levels BJ in comparison to an axial-component exercise (deadlift [DL]). With institutional ethics approval, 15 resistance-trained rugby pla...

Parece existir una tendencia generalizada respecto a la idea que las artes marciales mixtas (MMA) son más violentas que el boxeo. Se realizó una revisión de tipo narrativa que abarcó un análisis desde lo sociológico y lo praxeológico; y una revisión integradora que incluyó tanto ensayos controlados aleatorizados como revisiones sistemáticas y metaa...

The purpose was to analyze the influence of oral contraceptive use on body composition and strength levels in trained women. Twenty-three resistance-trained women participated in this study (age=27.4±3.4 years; fat mass=28.0±5.0%; BMI=22.9±2.7 kg∙m-2). Subjects performed an 8-week non-linear resistance-training program. Participants were assigned t...

Oral contraceptives consumption has been identified as a usual strategy for birth control among athletes. Nevertheless, its impact on body composition and sports performance remains unknown due to the heterogeneity in the formulation of these products and individual factors such as the menstrual cycle, age or sports discipline. PURPOSE: The aim of...

Oral contraceptives consumption has been identified as a usual strategy for birth control among athletes. Nevertheless, its impact on body composition and sports performance remains unknown due to the heterogeneity in the formulation of these products and individual factors such as the menstrual cycle, age or sports discipline. PURPOSE: The aim of...

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT) with an emphasis on either muscular strength-type RT or muscular endurance-type RT on measures of body composition. Methods Twenty-five resistance-trained men (age 28.4 ± 6.4 years; body mass 75.9 ± 8.4 kg; height 176.9 ± 7.5 cm) were randomly assigned to either a...

Resumen. El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil dermatoglífico y la somatotipificación de un grupo de adolescentes (edad, 15.2 ± 0.3 años) de la selección de futbol del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas con las cuales se derivó indicadores como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), grasa cor...

The purpose of the present study was to determine the dermatoglyphic profile and somatotyping of a group of adolescents (age = 15.2 ± 0.3) from the Córdoba soccer team (Colombia). Standardized anthropometric measurements were made (height, body weight, skinfolds, girths and breadths); indicators, such as body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), and so...

Current theory postulates that the manipulation of program variables is necessary to maximize resistance training-induced muscular adaptations (ACSM, 2009, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41,687–708). The objective of this research was to compare two resistance training (RT) protocols (high loads (HL) vs low loads (LL)) on lean body ma...

According to current therapeutic approaches, a nitrate-dietary supplementation with beetroot juice (BRJ) is postulated as a nutritional strategy that might help to control arterial blood pressure in healthy subjects, pre-hypertensive population, and even patients diagnosed and treated with drugs. In this sense, a systematic review of random clinica...

Algunas modificaciones en las variables de programación del entrenamiento de la fuerza orientado hacia la hipertrofia muscular pueden generar un alto estrés metabólico, especialmente cuando se modifica el tiempo bajo tensión (TUT). El objetivo de esta investigación fue cuantificar la concentración plasmática de lactato ([bLa-]) y la percepción subj...

Abstract Background Ketogenic diets (KD) have become a popular method of promoting weight loss. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere to ketogenic diets in order to optimize changes in body composition during training. This study evaluated the efficacy of an 8-week ketogenic diet (KD) during energy surplus and resistance trainin...

Nowadays, ketogenic diet (KD) is widely used in body aesthetics for changing body composition, even though there is a lack of research regarding to the possible benefits on muscle hypertrophy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an 8-week KD during energy surplus and a resistance training protocol on muscle hypertrop...

ste libro aborda la selección y orientación del talento deportivo en el fútbol con un enfoque integrador e involucra aspectos de carácter filogenético como la evaluación dermatoglífica; aspectos de carácter ontogenético como los indicadores de desarrollo de las capacidades condicionales y la determinación de la composición corporal por medio de las...