Jorge Llorente

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México | UNAM · Department of Evolutionary Biology

We describe and compare the exochorion of four species currently recognized as belonging to the nymphalid tribe Coeini: Pycina zamba zelis, Historis a. acheronta, Smyrna karwinskii, and Tigridia acesta latifascia, based on specimens collected in the field and rehydrated specimens from entomological collections. We use a staining technique and scann...

Se describen algunos aspectos sobre la nueva instrumentalización y elementos metodológicos én la conformación de Sistemas de Información en Biodiversidad (SIB). El uso de datos georreferidos con precisión a partir de vastas fuentes disponibles: colecciones de historia natural y literatura científica obligan al uso de bases da datos y Sistemas de In...

Se ofrece una síntesis de la biogeografía desde la antigüedad a la época contemporánea, refirien­do los mitos de la creación y su predominio, los principales protagonistas y las obras fundamentales donde se citan las ideas, hipótesis y teorías para explicar la distribución de los seres vivos: San Agustín, D' Acosta, Kircher, Linnaeus, Buffon, Humbo...

Endemic species are biological singularities whose relevance lies in their unique history and the information they provide about the history of the area where they are distributed. This is the first compilation study that brings together all the available information on endemics of butterflies, a highly diverse insect group in Mexico. Based on the...

Se describen y comparan los huevecillos de 19 especies o subespecies de cinco géneros de Dismorphiini. La caracterización e ilustración de los huevos considera los principales rasgos de la estructura del corion: número de ejes longitudinales (cortos y largos) y de costillas. También se ofrecen los colores del huevo, que es una característica especí...

Se presenta un panorama general, aunque sucinto, de la lepidopterología en México durante el siglo XX y en particular de Papilionoidea, con base en fuentes bibliográficas, datos inéditos y en la información capturada en la base de datos “TaXMeXX”, la cual contiene el análisis de los artículos taxonómicos publicados en las revistas mexicanas en el s...

Müllerian mimicry arises when conspicuous unprofitable species share a color pattern, gaining protection because predators learn and avoid the warning colors of a bad meal. Coloration also has other functions. For example, how does one butterfly recognize another of the same species to mate? Color vision is thought to play a key role in driving the...

We describe and compare the exochorion of six species of Hypanartia (H. paullus, H. bella, H. lethe, H. godmanii, H. dione disjuncta, and H. trimaculata autumna) using specimens collected in the field and deposited in entomological collections. We used a standard staining technique and scanning electron microscopy to visualize and describe the main...

Se ofrece un esbozo histórico sobre representación pictórica de exocoriones de Lepidoptera, en tratados científicos de autores prelinneanos selectos (Aldrovandi, Moffet, Hooke, Malphigi, Merian, Swammerdam, Harris y Scudder), de entre 1602 y 1889. Luego, se refiere y comenta una selección de antecedentes directos en la línea de investigación de Llo...

Females of two species of the genus Lasaia Bates, 1868, L. arsis Staudinger, [1887] and L. pseudomeris Clench, 1972 are described from specimens deposited in entomological collections. The identity of these species had been uncertain due to scarcity of data, causing misidentifications and confusion in pairing males and females of the same species....

Nooxapty gen. nov. and Nooxapty isabelae sp. nov. and Nooxapty mixe sp. nov. were described from Oaxaca, Mexico.

Se describe Nooxapty gen. nov. y dos especies: Nooxapty isabelae sp. nov. y Nooxapty mixe sp. nov. para el norte de Oaxaca, México. Este género nuevo es colocado en la tribu Diapheromerini Kirby, 1904 y está relacionado con varias especies de Pseudosermyle Caudell, 1903. Nooxapty clavigerum comb. n. es cambiado de Pseudosermyle y colocado en Nooxap...

Se ofrece un marco epistemológico al evaluar la cientificidad de las imágenes exocoriónicas de Llorente-Bousquets y cols., entendidas como representaciones esquemáticas de un sistema de caracteres morfológicos. Las imágenes se evalúan en la intersección de dos unidades de análisis: estilos y virtudes epistémicas. Se analizan según: i) tres estilos:...

Introduction: The Loxicha Region of Oaxaca, Mexico, has been historically important for the study of Nymphalidae, second in the Papilionoidea for species richness. Describing the diversity patterns of this butterfly clade in Loxicha can improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of the Sierra Madre del Sur, the Mexican Pacific slope, and...

Se describe una tcnica nueva de rehidratacin abdominal, con base en hidrxido de amonio y bicarbonato de sodio, presentando las variaciones resultantes de diferentes tiempos de rehidratacin. Adems, se comparan seis aspectos de esta tcnica y de aquellas con base en proteinasa K, hidrxido de potasio y agua destilada. Esta tcnica de rehidratacin puede...

We described and compared the exochorionic structure of two subspecies of Eurema elathea: E. e. vitellina and E. e. flavescens, both with the staining technique and with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We reexamined the description of E. daira sidonia with new materials from Mexico. In addition, we inspected for the first time the exochorion of...

Se presenta una panorámica de la propuesta actual de Llorente-Bousquets y cols., sobre el empleo de caracteres exocoriónicos en sistemática de Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera), con énfasis en sus técnicas de producción de imágenes. Se incluye: 1) breve historia del interés taxonómico de Llorente-Bousquets en estructuras ovocíticas; 2) resúmenes...

La región Loxicha en el sur de Oaxaca, México, presenta gran riqueza específica y endemismo de mariposas. Se realizó un estudio faunístico sistemático que incluyó siete años de recolecta durante el período 2005 a 2014. Se describe la diversidad de cuatro familias de Papilionoidea en la región Loxicha, respecto a la riqueza y endemismo del estado y...

We present a proposal on the standards used on ootaxonomy practices and techniques in the butterfly family Pieridae Duponchel (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in five stages: 1) getting the specimens, 2) integration into a collection, 3) dissections to recover the exochorion, 4) elaboration of images of it, and 5) the preparation of its description wit...

Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we examine and compare the micropylar and perimicropylar regions of the egg exochorion in six genera of the subfamily Dismorphiinae (Pieridae): Leptidea Billberg, Enantia Hübner, Pseudopieris Godman & Salvin, Lieinix Gray, Dismorphia Hübner, and Moschoneura Butler. We provide the first descriptions of the m...

We present a synthesis of the existing information on the genus Emesis Fabricius in Mexico concerning biogeographical patterns and taxonomical aspects. Emesis is the most diverse genus of Emesidini with 57 species and subspecies, with Mexico as the northern limit of this Neotropical genus. We analyzed 5434 specimens of the Lepidoptera Collection of...

Se describe y compara el exocorion de tres especies en la tribu Coeini con ejemplares de México: Historis odius dious, Colobura dirce dirce, y Smyrna blomfildia datis. Se caracterizaron los principales rasgos estructurales del exocorion: color, forma, tamaño, ‘ornamentación’, diferenciación micropilar, perimicropilar, y de la zona de transición, as...

We describe and compare the morphology of the chorion in nine species belonging to five genera of the tribe Anthocharidini (Pieridae: Pierinae), from a sample of 12 females with mature eggs, the bibliographic record of oviposited eggs, and photographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The eggs examined come from Mexico, Spain, Brazil and Costa...

Se describe y compara el exocorion de tres especies de Heliconiinae de México (Euptoieta hegesia meridiania, Agraulis vanillae incarnata, y Laparus doris viridis) con otras especies del sur de Brasil ya publicadas. Se enfatizó la comparación en los principales caracteres exocoriónicos como son la ‘ornamentación’, la diferenciación micropilar, perim...

Se describe e ilustra el exocorion de dos especies del género Colias: C. harfordii y C. philodice guatemalena bajo la técnica de tinción con azul de metileno y con el empleo del microscopio electrónico de barrido. Se caracterizan a detalle las regiones micropilar, perimicropilar, de transición, ecuatorial, y basal. Se comparan también los diversos...

Tribe Emesidini Seraphim, Freitas & Kaminski (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) is distributed in America from southwest Canada to Brazil and Paraguay, and includes 57 species and 54 subspecies (Callaghan & Lamas 2004; Penz & DeVries 2006; Gallard 2008; Pelham 2008; De la Maza & De la Maza 2017 a,b; Kaminski et al. 2017; Seraphim et al. 2018; Trujano-Ortega...

We transfer Apodemia planeca R. de la Maza E. & J. de la Maza E. 2017 to Emesis as Emesis planeca (R. de la Maza E. & J. de la Maza E.) n. comb. based on phylogenetic hypotheses estimated with one mtDNA and two nDNA markers. This is a rare and poorly known metalmark, endemic to the central region of Balsas Basin in Michoacán, Mexico, originally des...

Introduction: A reliable list of species and the analysis of diversity patterns of hyperdiverse taxa, like butterflies, are fundamental for monitoring and managing biological resources. Oaxaca is one of the most diverse states in Mexico for many groups including Lepidoptera and most of its diversity is unknown. Objective: To estimate and describe...

While surface microstructures of butterfly wings have been extensively studied for their structural coloration or optical properties within the visible spectrum, their properties in infrared wavelengths with potential ties to thermoregulation are relatively unknown. The midinfrared wavelengths of 7.5 to 14 µm are particularly important for radiativ...

Se describe e ilustra el exocorion de Detritivora barnesi con el empleo de las técnicas de tinción de azul de metileno y el estereoscopio, así como del microscopio electrónico de barrido; los caracteres registrados se comparan con los de otros géneros de Riodinidae americanos. El exocorion de Detritivora barnesi es de una forma hemidiscal o cuasies...

Riodinidae are one of the most diverse families of Lepidoptera, mainly in the Neotropical region; however, their biology, ethology, taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography are poorly known. In Mexico, the regional and local distributions of the family are still incomplete. We review the distributional data of the genus Lasaia Bates (Lepidoptera: Ri...

Desde muy pequeño me cautivaron los insectos, en particular las mariposas; ya hacia los seis y siete años había comenzado mi primera colección, con especímenes de la Cd. de México. La influencia de mi hermano Ricardo fue muy importante, así como el interés de amigos de mi edad y entorno, quienes competíamos por poseer los ejemplares más raros, gran...

We studied the chorionic morphology of six species of Hamadryas, and together with previous studies, we compared our results with previously published phylogenies for the genus. Samples were obtained from 19 females collected between 2013 and 2017 whose abdomens were sectioned and preserved for later dissection. Eggs were extracted from those disse...

In our previous work we studied the ultrastructure of the antennae of pierids through a character analysis. In this study we describe the antennal ultrastructure of three species and six subspecies of Patia focused on these traits at the intrageneric level. Patia is a genus of Dismorphiinae with the highest number of scaleless antennomeres (nudum =...

Research on labial palps of Lepidoptera is scarce and requires the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques. We describe and illustrate the three segments composing the labial palps of the Coliadinae butterfly Prestonia clarki, as well as the distribution of sensilla and both of palp’s distinctive structures: the Reuter’s sensitive patch and...

Labial palps of the butterfly Prestonia clarki (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Ultrastructure of sen-silla and sensory organs. Research on labial palps of Lepidoptera is scarce and requires the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques. We describe and illustrate the three segments composing the labial palps of the Coliadinae butterfly Prestonia clar...

This is the second exploration, comparison, and analysis of the chorion of species (45 sspp.) of the subfamily Dismorphiinae (Pieridae). This study includes nearly 50% of the species of the subfamily, including six of the seven genera in its two subtribes: Leptidea (Leptideini), Enantia, Pseudopieris, Lieinix, Moschoneura, and Dismorphia (Dismorphi...

Riodinidae is very diverse in the Neotropical region; in Mexico the knowledge about the biology of most of its species is still scarce. For the present work, exhaustive and systematic collections of Riodinidae were carried out in 14 localities of the Loxicha region, Oaxaca, Mexico, particularly in two with tropical semi-deciduous forest. In additio...

We described and compared the macro and micro exochorionic grid of three species of the genus Colias: C. croceus, C. alfacariensis, and C. lesbia mineira, under methylene blue staining techniques and with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The size, shapes, as well as diverse aspects of the grid in its region or zones, are different for each s...

A new species of Cyllopsis R. Felder, 1869, is described and illustrated from the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Cyllopsis tomemmeli A. Warren & Nakahara, sp. nov., is currently known from 13 specimens (9 males and 4 females) collected on March 26–28, 1959, southeast of San Cristóbal de Las Casas. Despite extensive studies on the butterfly fauna of...

We present the results of the first examination and comparative analysis of the ultrastructure of the antennae in seven species of Leptidea Billberg, 1820 (Pieridae). The results add further support to the hypothesis that the subfamily Dismorphiinae is composed of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini. We summarize the results in a table and discu...

The order Phasmatodea has been poorly studied in Mexico, and it does not exist any work that lists its species in the country or any identification key to genus level. In this work we carried out an exhaustive bibliographic revision to obtain the list of species of Phasmatodea that occur in Mexico. A total of 17 genera and 65 species of Phasmatodea...

We examined and described the structure of the chorion of Leucidia brephos with the methylene blue staining technique and with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their morphological comparison includes illustrations or pictures of other chorions of the subfamily Coliadinae. Leucidia brephos' chorion has a rather generalized macro-grid w...

We propose a revised classification for the genus Elzunia Bryk, 1937, with four species and 20 subspecies. We describe two new subspecies, Elzunia humboldt carlosi Le Crom and Llorente, ssp. nov., and Elzunia humboldt willmotti Le Crom, Llorente and Andrade, ssp. nov. We recognize five additional unnamed subspecies but do not describe them because...

Two new genera of Riodinidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) are described, Neoapodemia Trujano-Ortega, gen. n. (Neoapodemia nais (W. H. Edwards, 1876), comb. n., N. chisosensis Freeman, 1964, comb. n.) and Plesioarida Trujano-Ortega & García-Vázquez, gen. n. (Plesioarida palmerii palmerii (W. H. Edwards, 1870), comb. n., P. palmerii arizona (Austin, [1989]...

Specimens examined for morphological revision

Maximum likelihood tree of the relationships among Apodemia and selected species in the Riodinidae inferred with gene Elongation factor 1 α (EF-1a). Numbers near branch nodes are bootstrap branch support

Data of the photographs shown in the Figure 6

Collection and voucher data for Riodinids genetic samples used in this study

Maximum likelihood tree of the relationships among Apodemia and selected species in the Riodinidae inferred with Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI). Numbers near branch nodes are bootstrap branch support

Maximum likelihood tree of the relationships among Apodemia and selected species in the Riodinidae inferred with Wingless (wg). Numbers near branch nodes are bootstrap branch support

Acasi diez años de la publicación de los tres primeros volúmenes de la obra Capital natural de México se presenta esta síntesis actualizada que destaca aspectos medulares tratados en la obra sobre el estado de conocimiento, conservación y uso de la biodiversidad de México. En esta edición se han puesto al día aquellos aspectos centrales para los cu...

We examined antennal ultrastructure in species of Dismorphiinae and Pseudopontiinae (Pieridae) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We examined two species of Pseudopontia (Pseudopontiinae) and more than 30 species in seven genera of two tribes in the subfamily Dismorphiinae: Leptidea, Enantia, Pseudopieris, Lieinix, Moschoneura, Dismorphia, a...

The chorion of Ectima thecla thecla was examined and compared with the chorionic morphology of Hamadryas spp. An illustrated glossary of the terminology used in chorionic descriptions in Ageroniina was created. The chorion of both genera was typified as globose and unique for the clade -with plesiomorphic structures in Ectima as compared to Hamadry...

A new subspecies of Prepona brooksiana G. & S. is described and named, which is the most northerly occurrence of all geographical races of this taxon, occurring on the slope of the Gulf of Mexico, in the most boreal portion of the cloud forest. We describe the population variation of the characters that diagnose it and mention aspects of its behavi...

Resumen Se examina la estructura coriónica de Orophila cardases campaspe; también se efectúan comparaciones con el corion de siete especies de la subtribu Callicorina, taxón que aquí se caracteriza. Su corion se tipifica por la presencia de ‘ventanas’ en la base de las crestas, el relieve apical en semicírculos y la ausencia parcial o total de las...

Numerous animal lineages have expanded and diversified the opsin-based photoreceptors in their eyes underlying color vision behavior. However, the selective pressures giving rise to new photoreceptors and their spectral tuning remain mostly obscure. Previously, we identified a violet receptor (UV2) that is the result of a UV opsin gene duplication...

We list and illustrate Papilionoidea (s. l.) type specimens deposited in the Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The 36 type specimens belong to 29 genera, 14 subfamilies, and five families. We note locality data for each type, and illustrate 23 holotypes, 8 allotypes and 13 paratypes. The names w...

DNA barcoding regions have been used for identifying organisms and delimiting species. Our research focused on butterflies belonging to the Enantia jethys species complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in Mexico, specifically to resolve the taxonomic problem of the number of species in the group. We used the standard segment of approximately 650 base pair...

Resumen. Se efectúa una reseña histórica del género Moschoneura Butler, destacando algunos problemas taxonómicos que imperan en este género. Se diagnostica con base en aspectos morfológicos del habitus, la maza antenal, los genitales masculinos y aspectos distribucionales (ecológicos y geográficos). Al examinar a las especies de M. pinthous, M. ith...

Resumen Se estudia e ilustra la estructura coriónica de cuatro especies de dos géneros de la subfamilia Coliadinae: Colias (C. dimera, C. erate, y C. eurytheme) y Zerene (Z. c. cesonia). Se reexaminan y comparan descripciones previas de C. dimera, C. eurytheme y Z. c. cesonia, con nuevos materiales provenientes de México y Colombia. Además, por pri...

Resumen. Se describe y compara la arquitectura coriónica de tres especies pertenecientes a géneros poco derivados de las Coliadinae: Nathalis plauta (Doubleday, 1847), N. i. iole (Boisduval, 1836), y Kricogonia lyside (Godart, 1819). La selección constituye un refinamiento de estudios anteriores del corion en este grupo, al reconocer la presencia d...

We describe and compare the chorionic architecture of three species, belonging to less derivative Coliadinae genera: Nathalis plauta (Doubleday, 1847), N. i. iole (Boisduval, 1836), and Kricogonia lyside (Godart, 1819). Such selection constitutes a refinement from previous studies of the chorion within this group, recognizing the presence of micror...

The American Catopsilias are pierids, commonly known as sulphurs. These butterflies were grouped based on morphol-ogy and secondary sexual characters of the male, but this grouping was not taxonomically established. In Catopsilia were included genera such as Anteos, Aphrissa, Rhabdodryas, and Phoebis. Aphrissa is a genus taxonomically stable, but i...