Jorge W. González

Pontifical Bolivarian University

In a centralized wholesale power system market scenario, the transmission and distribution constraints limit dispatch and require additional generation to support an integrated area known as Security Generation. This one must be covered in each area, and its cost transferred to the final users. The security generation cost gets higher when operatio...

The data presented in this paper are related to the paper entitled “Optimal Estimation of Under-Frequency Load Shedding Scheme Parameters by Considering Virtual Inertia Injection”, available in the Energies journal. Here, data are included to show the results of an Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) scheme that considers the injection of virtual...

This paper addresses a proposal for the optimization and automation of the methodology of selectivity analysis in protection relays by fault sweeps, to improve selectivity and evaluate the operation times and coordination margins in a complex network composed by a large amount of overcurrent units. Through the operating times of the protection devi...

Under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) schemes are the latest safety measures applied for safeguarding the integrity of the grid against abrupt frequency imbalances. The overall inertia of electrical power systems is expected to decrease with an increased penetration of renewable energy as well as elements connected through power electronic interface...

This study develops a new Sensor Fault-Tolerant methodology for two-level Centralized Hierarchical Control of isolated microgrids based on a modified Kalman filter algorithm. The main objective is to increase the reliability and safety margins of isolated smart microgrids in the presence of different sensor faults on the secondary control. Conseque...

In this paper, we propose a method and economical-financial model based on actual regulation to evaluate the use of electrical energy storage in a power network for different business cases and scenarios. The scenarios are real economy models that involve the tariff formulae for the remuneration of the distribution business and laws applied to rene...

The frequency of an electrical power system can be interpreted as an indicator of the equilibrium between generation and demand. Under fault conditions where this balance is disrupted, the Under-Frequency Load Shedding scheme is typically the ultimate resource employed to prevent the frequency from dropping to undesirable thresholds that could lead...

This paper presents a novel methodology for the calculation of angular indexes of an electrical system from stationary analysis, using load flow and nose curves (P–V) in each of the buses of the system to perform control actions and preserve or improve voltage stability. The control actions are proposed considering a novel method based on the conce...

El ministerio de minas y energía de Colombia con base en el objetivo de la transición energética 2030 evidencia la hoja de ruta que busca impactar diferentes fuentes de acción para la implementación de nuevos proyectos de inclusión de energía renovable en el territorio colombiano. Esto buscando la consecución de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenib...

The arrival of the energy transition to the global electricity scene has led to the implementation of new technologies in power systems and modified the way that the energy is generated, distributed and consumed. The analysis of the operation and the consequences of the inclusion of new technologies become a very important topic in the studies carr...

Due to the increasing size of electric power systems and its monitoring and operation needs, people at control rooms face complex situations, analyzing great amounts of information, protocols, operation states, alarms, and control parameters. Additionally, new renewable energy sources data is taking its place nowadays, hindering the process of quic...

This research focuses on the georeferenced location of distributed resources, specifically the injection of active power through distributed generation. A rural-urban marginal feeder of a distribution company in Ecuador with georeferenced information was taken as a case study, which has a three-phase primary link at a medium voltage and several sin...

The fundamental goal of an electric utility is to provide the power supply in the most reliable and economical way. However, the components of a power distribution system are exposed to faults, or service outages, which in some cases may cause the disconnection of one or more customers of the distribution system. In order to reduce the duration of...

Rural distribution systems, especially in developing countries, tend to be less reliable than urban distribution systems because customers are (1) located remotely and (2) connected to weak aerial networks with radial topologies without redundancy. To improve reliability in rural areas, microgrids (MGs) are being integrated into conventional power...

In this research, an alternative methodology is proposed for the location of Static VAR Compensators (SVC) in power systems, considering the reconfiguration of reactive power flows through the optimal switching of the transmission stage, which resembles the contingency restriction N-1 usually considered in transmission expansion planning. Based on...

In the present research, a new methodology is proposed to find the solution to the problem of transmission expansion planning in electrical power systems, considering changes in topology through the optimal transmission switching, N–1 contingencies and maximum chargeability of the lines; the proposed model considers optimal power flows DC to minimi...

In preparation for the electric mobility technological transition in Colombia, an impact assessment of the electric power system is required, considering the increasing loading that must be able to be managed in the future. In this paper, a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging simulation methodology is developed in order to dimension the impact...

Microgrids (MG) treat local energy supply issues effectively and from a point of view of the distribution grid, may be a power supply or virtual load. Despite holding a myriad of benefits, MGs also bear a set of challenges, including a higher fault rate. Currently, many articles focus on control techniques; however, little has been written about th...

This paper presents a new hybrid strategy which allows the dynamic identification of AC/DC microgrids (MG) by using algorithms such as Auto-Regressive with exogenous inputs (ARX) and Petri Nets (PN). The proposed strategy demonstrated in this study serves to obtain a dynamic model of the DC MG in isolated or connected modes. Given the non-linear na...

This paper presents a new hybrid strategy which allows the dynamic identification of AC/DC microgrids (MG) by using algorithms such as Auto-Regressive with exogenous inputs (ARX) and Petri Nets (PN). The proposed strategy demonstrated in this study serves to obtain a dynamic model of the DC MG in isolated or connected modes. Given the non-linear na...

Stability analysis in electrical power systems is based on the study in dynamic state of the voltage and frequency, since at the moment that there is some contingency it fluctuates drastically due to the primary and secondary controls of the voltage and frequency to the power systems that act on the generators. In order to solve the possible stabil...

One of the main elements of electrical power systems is the transmission stage; which is exposed to the occurrence of failures and disturbances; and in case of their presence, it puts the stability, reliability and operation of the system at risk; It can cause damage to equipment in case there is any problem with the performance of the protections....

In this paper, a Microgrid (MG) test model based on the 14-busbar IEEE distribution system is proposed. This model can constitute an important research tool for the analysis of electrical grids in its transition to Smart Grids (SG). The benchmark is used as a base case for power flow analysis and quality variables related with SG and holds distribu...

Stability studies in electrical power systems are generally based on the study of frequency and voltage in their dynamic behavior, being that in instants of instability these parameters directly influence machines in the system, as well as in demand. To deal with these problems, processes and elements have been developed to help prevent such distur...

A simple method, based on Machine Learning Radial Basis Functions, RBF, is developed for estimating voltage stability margins in power systems. A reduced set of magnitude and angles of bus voltage phasors is used as input. Observability optimization technique for locating Phasor Measurement Units, PMUs, is applied. A RBF is designed and used for fa...

In this article, a new algorithm is developed for the identification of an AC/DC Microgrid (MG) using methods of "Auto-Regressive with eXogenous inputs (ARX)" and Petri Nets (PN). An algorithm is shown in order to obtain a model of Distributed Generation (DG) systems for a MG. This algorithm aims to obtain a bank of models in which each model is ob...

La evaluación de los parámetros eléctricos mediante unidades de medición fasorial en los sistemas de potencia es fundamental, ya que con los datos obtenidos se realiza la estimación del estado de la operación de los mismos. En la presente investigación se plantea el problema para el despliegue óptimo de unidades de medición fasorial respetando rest...

In the present investigation a model of optimal PMU location for electrical power systems under N-1 contingency is proposed; based on constraints of complete observability and redundancy in measurements. A comparison of the location before and after the occurrence of contingencies is made, for which mixed integer linear programming is used as an op...

The numerical solution of transient stability problems is a key element for electrical power system operation. The classical model for multi-machine systems is defined as a set of non-linear differential equations for the rotor speed and the generator angle for each electrical machine, this mathematical model is usually known as the swing equations...

In the present paper is shown a methodology for characterization of the electric load carried out using as baseline the information obtained from the measurement of the electrical parameters at the medium voltage level by means of the phasorial measurement units (PMUs) and low voltage level by means of the smart meters (SM) in a smart campus. A net...

In the present research, a methodology was developed to determine the faults location in transmission lines, a hybrid model was developed that combines the advantages of the Relief algorithm with those of the Wavelet Transform in the presence of a contingency. For this, the information of the voltage and current synchrophasors obtained from the PMU...

In order to design electrification systems, recent mathematical models solve the problem of location, type of electrification components, and the design of possible distribution microgrids. However, due to the amount of points to be electrified increases, the solution to these models require high computational times, thereby becoming unviable pract...

La expansión de las redes eléctricas por el continuo crecimiento urbanístico genera inconvenientes al momento de la planificación de las mismas y aún más cuando se toma en consideración las diferentes políticas en cuanto aque las redes de distribución no deben afectar al urbanismo, siendo el caso de las redes soterradas. En el presente trabajo se...

This article presents a new heuristic strategy for the elaboration of a reconfiguration model for Distribution System Fault Tolerance (DSFT) using Petri nets (PN). Its intent is to model, analyze and optimize the program for the management of Smart Reclosers and Sectionalizers in a Smart Grid Distribution System, which together with the detection o...

In this paper, normalized or per unit indices for voltage stability analysis in power systems are proposed. The indices are simple and designed based on reactive power reserves and system loadability margins. The methodology presented with the proposed indices makes it possible to combine the loadability margin evolution and reactive power reserves...

In this paper, normalized or per unit indices for voltage stability analysis in power systems are proposed. The indices are simple and designed based on reactive power reserves and system loadability margins. The methodology presented with the proposed indices makes it possible to combine the loadability margin evolution and reactive power reserves...

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la estabilidad de voltaje de sistemas ac/dc empleando indicadores estáticos y modales. Los indicadores se normalizan y comparan para diferentes relaciones de cortocircuito, SCR, en varias redes conocidas para un voltaje base común. Se proponen dos nuevos indicadores para proveer mayor información sobre requerimientos...

This paper addresses applications of Central Angle, a concept being widely spread in the context of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU). Making reference to Cutset Area theory, the Central Angle is calculated. A digital model to give alarms for operators to prevent feasible blackout conditions is proposed and tested in a Colombian electrical network. Th...

Nowadays, PMU (Phasor Measurement Units) technologies, as part of Smart Grids, have taken an important attention due to its ability to perform synchronous measurements in real time. With PMUs, it is now possible to measure online voltage angles at busbars of the Electrical Power Systems. From bus angles and other variables, new methodologies are be...

Theory of cutset area is defined in the context of network behavior, as much in steady state as in dynamic operation. With reference to cutset angle theory, a proposed methodology for identifying stress on the network is stated for cutset angle evolution. Potential applications for Phase Measurement Units, PMU, are validated on a Colombian network.

The theory of central angle is defined in the context of network behavior for dynamic operation. Making reference to cutset angle theory, a methodology for identifying abnormalities on the network is proposed according to central angle evolution. The model is tested on a power system comprising the Colombian electrical network. The performance and...

This paper develops voltage stability analysis of ac/dc systems using static and modal indexes. New indexes treatment is proposed to provide more information on requirements for specific network strengths in terms of voltage stability constituting a means to prevent potential issues of high voltage dc transmission system (HVdc), connected to weak a...

This paper presents an overvoltage analysis in the dc catenary of The Metro de Medellin railway system. The main objective is to study the sources of damages of motors in the trains. It was achieved a detailed study beginning with the direct measurement of variables and then the construction of a digital model in PSCAD-EMTDC. The simulations indica...

This work is the first part of a study that aims to analyze the technical and economic implications of the penetration of wind power in the Colombian Interconnected system (SIN). Using the software DigSilent™, studies of steady state, contingencies and short-circuit were conducted in order to identify problems of stress, overload, voltage profiles,...

In this work, voltage stability and applications of Phasor Measurements Units (PMU) are reviewed. Models for PMUs integration, composed of an architecture involving substations, concentrators and control centers are addressed for interacting with a hybrid State Estimator (SE). In that model, online voltage stability analysis is proposed, and throug...

The control of mechanical power in wind turbogenerators involves the participation of many subsystems. One of them is related to pitch mechanism, which usually employs conventional PI strategies. This paper presents an alternative for estimating the parameters of this PI controller, using Fuzzy Logic (FL). Matlab-Simulink™ software was used in orde...

The current transformer model developed is based on the proposal made by "Power System Relaying Committee (PSRC)", the IEC 60044-1 and 60044-6 standards and other technical documents. Therefore, this model proposes to combine the strengths of the PSRC model and IEC standards to verify, select, and validate current transformers used in power systems...

The goal for solving the expansion planning (EP) problem in electrical systems involves the search for the optimal allocation of output power among available generators to serve the system load in a given time horizon. Currently, environmental aspects and the continuing search for alternative energy sources, push for the integration of wind power g...

Resumen: La creciente necesidad de suministrar energía de calidad a los usuarios, ha conducido a muchas investigaciones y debates sobre los aspectos técnicos que deben determinarla. Más aun, cuando los usuarios de la energía eléctrica tienen una percepción cada vez mayor de que parte de los problemas en el funcionamiento de sus equipos tienen que v...

it is shown the analysis and simulation of the UPFC connected to usual elementary two machine system for a first evaluation, where the model used for the UPFC is based for voltage magnitude control in the receiving end of the implemented power system. Se presenta el análisis y simulación de un UPFC conectado a un sistema elemental de dos máquinas p...

In this paper, a new index is proposed to find further information on voltage stability of AC/DC systems and reactive power requirements. The index defines two types of systems from the point of view of voltage stability and reactive power variations, soft and non-soft systems. This approach can assist for considering the reactive compensation, con...

This paper presents the development of a discrete Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor, TCSC, model using the software DIgSILENT PF. The discrete model is based on switchable inductances. The model was inserted in a practical large network of the Electrical Transmission System in Colombia (ETSC) for automation and planning purposes, as much in ste...

This paper intends to explore, from the point of view of signals analysis (Wavelet Transform), the protection systems applied to HVdc. Based on the representation of the traveling waves by wavelet Modulus Maxima, the protection criterions for HVdc line are proposed. Simulations are carried out for testing the criterions. The influences of similar f...

A general description of the aspects related to the beginning, development, current state and future of wind power in Germany is presented. Some topics like green energy policies, energy potential and some technical and operative problems are showed. Finally, many useful ideas extracted from German experience are presented, in order to provide guid...

This paper exposes the feasibility to connect high voltage DC transmission (HVDC) systems to very weak AC networks leading to short circuit ratios (SCR) lower than 1.5. The existing literature does not provide solutions for such a low SCR systems and often the HVDC expansions cannot grow enough as expected. The studies developed are for the short-t...

This paper presents the technical impact that new technologies for automation and control connected at high voltage networks, i.e. 230 and 500 kV, would cause in the Electrical Transmission System in Colombia (ETSC). It is shown why there is a need for the automation of such high voltage networks, what is the possible equipment for automation and w...

A mathematical model for the study of frequency control systems is presented, also a computer software that will allow the study of the behavior of different generators, either in an isolated or interconnected electrical power system composed of two areas, governed by an Automatic Generation Control. Se presenta un modelo matemático para el estudio...