Jorge Roberto Lopes dos Santos

Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro · Department of Arts and Design (DAD)

Three-dimensional navigation allows in a virtual reality environment across the fetal heart structures using glasses and joysticks. This technology allows virtual interactive discussions among multidisciplinary teams providing new perspectives on diagnosis and planning possible surgical corrections.

This study presents the initial results of a pilot project using the Elucis Virtual Reality (VR) platform for fetal heart segmentation. Twelve fetal heart cases, ranging in gestational age from 24 to 30 weeks, including various cardiac conditions, were reconstructed using 3D models facilitated by the Elucis platform’s integration of automated algor...

Closed gastroschisis (CG) and vanishing gastroschisis (VG) are the most severe forms of evolution of the malformation. In this case, a fetus presented with gastroschisis at 13 weeks, and the gastroschisis was not visualized at 22 weeks of gestation. Distal ileum, cecum, and ascending colon atresia were diagnosed at surgery, and the child is fully e...

With the advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, noninvasive fetal imaging techniques can be physically materialized for several purposes. For instance, uterine morphology and fetal anatomy can be better visualized, improving the understanding of various malformations and pathologies. These...

Pallister - Hall syndrome is a rare malformation that involves the presence of a suprasellar hamartoma and associated malformations. Prenatal diagnosis is also rare, and few cases have been reported using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 35-year-old G5P2A2 woman at the 35th week of gestation was referred to our service. Fetal MRI showed an isoin...

Castro PT, et al. / Fetal lungs growth-MRI and 3D models 1 Radiol Bras. P r o v a p a r a r e v i s ã o Advances in Radiology New technique for the assessment of the growth capacity and development of fetal lungs under compressive circumstances using MRI and 3D models Nova técnica para avaliação da capacidade de crescimento e desenvolvimento de pul...

Ex vivo ultrasound (US) of human tissues has been used for decades on the study of the acoustic physical aspects of the US, to the study of the morphology of the organs. Using three‐dimensional (3D) US, we demonstrate the possibilities to study surgical specimens from gynecological conditions. 3D images of the surgical specimen were collected and v...

Conjoined twins (CTs) are a rare complication from monochorionic and monoamniotic twin pregnancies. We describe the use of 3D technologies, including 3D virtual and 3D physical models on prenatal evaluation of one parapagus CT. A 16-year-old G1P0 woman was referred for fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomical evaluation of a CT at 28 weeks...

Image from a fragment of the video of virtual reality model evaluating a case of placenta accreta spectrum and placental invasion. In this image, the placenta (purple) goes through the uterus and reaches the bladder muscle and mucosa (pink).

A case demonstrating the possibilities of texture studies in fetal 3D images.

A 31-year-old G2, P1 woman with a triplet pregnancy was referred for fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 28 weeks gestation. The fetuses were believed to be dichor-ionic, diamniotic, with a set of monoamniotic conjoined twins (CTs) attached at the abdomen.

Background Craniopagus twins represent a rare and complex congenital malformation characterized by conjoined twins fused at the cranium. Craniopagus is challenging for patients’ families and surgeons, and accurate confirmation of the extent of cranial fusion is a complex process. Most information regarding the surgical anatomy of this rare conditio...

Picture of the Month Cutting-edge 3D image obtained through fusion of three imaging technologies

At the end of 2019, the first cases of COVID-19 were registered. As the disease spread across continents culminating in a pandemic, countries suffered from a shortage of personal protective equipment. In Brazil, the first case was recorded on February 2020. This study aims to describe the experience of creating an interinstitutional network to meet...

Background Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) involves the partial or complete obstruction of the fetal upper airways, usually caused by atresia or stenosis of the larynx or trachea. The obstruction of bronchial tree leads to lung distension, diaphragmatic eversion, and cardiac dysfunction, which can result in fetal death. Case A...

Background Physical fetal models developed from three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan data may be used for medical education purposes, for parental counseling/multidisciplinary team management and to improve the maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) in blind pregnant women. Purpose We proposed a new technique to crea...

Background: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe form of spina bifida with intrauterine repairs becoming more prevalent. The development of three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has drastically improved the visualization of fetal anatomy. Methods: Virtual Navigation (VN) results from a technology that uses...

Picture of the Month Visualization of cervical pessary on three-dimensional ultrasound

Picture of the Month: Evaluation of fetal nasal cavity in bilateral congenital dacryocystocele: 3D reconstruction and virtual navigation by magnetic resonance imaging

Congenital dacryocystocele (CD) is a rare condition and presents as a periorbital cyst in prenatal examinations. CD has high rates of spontaneous resolution in and ex‐uterus. However, more severe malformations can present as facial cysts, like encephalocele, venous lymphatic malformation, hemangioma, dermoid cyst, teratoma and rhabdomyosarcoma 1. I...

O artigo trata do tema da customização em massa em relação a processos contemporâneos de produção e de consumo cada vez mais digitalizados. Discute abordagens e desafios do projeto de produtos dentro da lógica tradicional da customização. Apresenta os conceitos de “produto incompleto” e “reconfiguração dinâmica” como resposta a avanços recentes, em...

What's already known about this topic? Three‐dimensional (3‐D) virtual and physical models based on magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography data have been used to model normal and abnormal fetuses. 3‐D virtual navigation has been used to model fetal cervical teratomas and lower urinary tract obstruction, and it possibly has clinical applicati...

This article discusses how jewelry production is affected by factors that are not directly related to the design process. An extremely intricate jewelry model was produced using Additive Manufacturing and then cast in silver, exploring technology’s advantages for building complex forms and the appropriate means of adapting those forms to lost-wax c...

Objective: This aimed to describe the prenatal diagnosis of three cases of Apert syndrome using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 3D virtual/physical models. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed three cases of Apert syndrome at our service. The prenatal diagnostic methods used were...

Introduction: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a life-threatening event in severe forms and fetuses affected may benefit from in utero treatment by fetoscopic endotracheal occlusion (FETO). Materials and methods: Application of 3D virtual bronchoscopy in a case of severe, isolated, left CDH before performing FETO procedure at 27 week's g...

What is already known about this topic? Lower urinary tract obstruction is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Fetal cystoscopy may allow the correct identification of the etiology of the obstruction and may provide the adequate treatment. What does this study add? Three‐dimensional virtual navigation is a noninvasive approach that provi...

Background: Due to the nature of the percutaneous prosthesis deployment process, a variation in its final position is expected. Prosthetic valve placement will define the spatial location of its effective orifice in relation to the aortic annulus. The blood flow pattern in the ascending aorta is related to the aortic remodeling process, and depends...

Passados dez anos do primeiro livro sobre manufatura aditiva (additive manufacturing – AM) – na época denominada prototipagem rápida –, muitas tecnologias evoluíram, algumas novas surgiram, empresas se fundiram ou foram adquiridas por empresas maiores e outras saíram do mercado. O mercado de tecnologias AM tem sido muito dinâmico, apresentando um c...

Picture of the Month: Monochorionic diamniotic quadruplet pregnancy: physical models from prenatal three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging data

Background: Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality characterized by an additional acrocentric chromosome, resulting in an aneuploid number of 47 chromosomes (trisomy 21). Fetal face phenotype of Down syndrome is typical in the second trimester and characterized by plane face and a big and protruding tongue. Case: We present a case of Down sy...

Objective To generate physical models of fetuses from images obtained with three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and, occasionally, computed tomography (CT), in order to guide additive manufacturing technology. Materials and Methods We used 3D-US images of 31 pregnant women, including 5 who were carrying twins. If...

The cell biology discipline constitutes a highly dynamic field whose concepts take a long time to be incorporated into the educational system, especially in developing countries. Amongst the main obstacles to the introduction of new cell biology concepts to students is their general lack of identification with most teaching methods. The introductio...

File of a vectorized model from an ultrathin section of a neutrophil for 3D printing. (3DS)

File of a vectorized model obtained from serial electron tomography for 3D printing. (3DS)

Movie showing virtual sections through tomograms obtained from serial electron tomography of a monocyte. The virtual model generated is animated in sequences of images to show different angles. As this sequence fades, a sequence of images of the prototype also at different angles is revealed. (M4V)

File of a vectorized model obtained from serial sectioning for 3D printing. (3DS)

Monochorionic diamniotic quadruplet pregnancy; Three-dimensional ultrasound; Magnetic resonance imaging; 3D physical models

This case study aims to discuss the role of experimental research in a collaborative product development and production process between a small jewelry company and governmental funding institutions. Know-how development through research and transfer of technology (TOT) are challenging and face several obstacles due to disparity in the dynamics of a...

Advances in imaging technology have led to vast improvements in fetal evaluation. Ultrasound examination is the primary method of fetal assessment because it is patient friendly, effective, and cost efficient and is considered to be safe. Magnetic resonance imaging is generally used when ultrasound cannot provide sufficiently high-quality images. I...

The aim of this chapter is to show experiments in cardiology and fetal medicine, two specialties of medicine, through the development of three dimensional (3D) physical models produced on additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, also known as 3D printing, from files acquired on noninvasive-imaging technologies (NITs) as 3D ultrasound (3DUS), magne...

Agnathia-otocephaly or agnathia-sinotia-microstomy syndrome is the most severe malformation affecting the first branchial arch. It is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by absence of the lower jaw and abnormal ear positioning. Prenatal diagnosis is possible on conventional 2-D ultrasound in the second trimester. Three-dimensional ultrasound en...

Zika virus; Intrauterine infection; Microcephaly; Ultrasound; Magnetic resonance imaging; Computed tomography; 3D virtual physical model

Background: Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a serious complication of monochorionic twin gestation, which has a high risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of the vascular anastomoses is the preferred treatment. Nowadays, Solomon technique which consists the vascular coagulation of all anastomoses...

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the maternal–fetal attachment (MFA) in six blind pregnant women by means three-dimensional (3D) physical models from 3D ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan data. Methods: We performed a prospective observational cross-sectional study with six blind pregnant women who performed 3D...

The article proposes the creation of a library of clinical cases generated from images of minimally invasive procedures, which will enable students to experience immersive way of performing procedures enabling the implementation of a Biodesign Lab in Medicine, which will bring real cases (initially in the domain of obstetrics and cardiology) as a p...

The aim of this research is to find a new digital process for creating jewels that eliminates the problems inherent in the traditional production process and that maintains all the characteristics and identity of this sector. Experiments were conducted combining the traditional jewel production process with digital technologies (3D scanning, modell...

Technological innovations accompanying advances in medicine have given rise to the possibility of obtaining better-defined fetal images that assist in medical diagnosis and contribute toward genetic counseling offered to parents during the prenatal period. In this article, we show our innovative experience of diagnosing fetal malformations through...

The principle of Biomimetics is to derive new technical ideas and design from living nature. To survive and reproduce, plants and animals employ a wide variety of often beautiful structures and astounding functional strategies. The Bromeliaceae are a South American plant group in which numerous species do not take up water from the soil, as is usua...

We report four cases of cervical tumors (three lymphangiomas and one teratoma) evaluated by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 26 and 37 weeks gestation. The aim was to investigate the use of Virtual Bronchoscopy (VB) to evaluate fetal airway patency on each case. A 3D file of the airway was created by overlapping layers genera...

PURPOSE The virtual bronchoscopy (VB) using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging generates representations of the bronchial tree and surrounding structures from spatial information derived from imaging sources. The representation of the fetal airway by VB has not been demonstrated yet. The aim of this exhibit is to show VB by MR imaging in the evaluatio...

PURPOSE Advances in imaging technology have led to vast improvements in placenta evaluation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be used in specific cases, providing additional information about abnormalities and situations where the ultrasound information was limited. Twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a disease of the placenta that affec...

The use of 3D laser scanning to meteoritic to preserve the original shape of the meteorites before cutting and the facility of saved the datas in STL format (stereolithography) to print three-dimensional physical models and generate a digital replica.

The aim of the study was to determine the most accurate threshold value for airway volume quantification based on specific experimental conditions. Ten scans from the airway prototype were obtained by using cone-beam computed tomography. The volume from each scan was measured with 8 values (25, 50, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, and 75) of the threshold tool...

The term ‘virtual bronchoscopy’ describes the creation and evaluation of representations of the bronchial tree and surrounding structures using spatial information derived from imaging sources other than the bronchoscope itself. Initially, this referred to two-dimensional and later three-dimensional (3D) bronchial tree representations generated fro...

PURPOSE To generate physical fetal models using images obtained by 3- dimensional ultrasound (3D US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to guide additive manufacturing technology. METHOD AND MATERIALS Images from 37 fetuses, including 5 sets of twins, were used. Seventeen fetuses were normal and evaluated only by 3D US. Twenty cases had abnormali...

To generate physical fetal models using images obtained by three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) to guide additive manufacturing technology. Images from 33 fetuses, including three sets of twins, were used. Fifteen fetuses were normal and evaluated only by 3DUS. Eighteen cases had ab...