Jorge Delgado

• Ph.D.
• Professor (Assistant) at University of Jaén

This study shows the results of the analysis of the photogrammetric use of 360-degree cameras in complex heritage-related scenes. The goal is to take advantage of the large field of view provided by these sensors and reduce the number of images used to cover the entire scene compared to those needed using conventional cameras. We also try to minimi...

Landslide occurrence in Colombia is very frequent due to its geographical location in the Andean mountain range, with a very pronounced orography, a significant geological complexity and an outstanding climatic variability. More specifically, the study area around the Bogotá-Villavicencio road in the central sector of the Eastern Cordillera is one...

Landslides are events that cause great impact in different parts of the world. Their destructive capacity generates loss of life and considerable economic damage. In this research, several Machine Learning (ML) methods were explored to select the most important conditioning factors, in order to evaluate the susceptibility to rotational landslides i...

El análisis de riesgos naturales constituye un eje fundamental para el desarrollo. Por ello, es necesario aprovechar los recursos disponibles que permitan evaluarlos cabalmente, acorde a la realidad de cada territorio. Un recurso importante es la información geográfica pues permite planificar y gestionar los riesgos naturales a los que una població...

En este trabajo se presentan los estudios realizados sobre movimientos en masa en cuatro áreas de los departamentos de Cundinamarca y Meta, en Colombia. En todas ellas se ha realizado un inventario de movimientos y un análisis de los factores que los determinan. El inventario muestra un elevado número de movimientos (835, 212, 252 y 2506), con una...

Natural hazards generate disasters and huge losses in several aspects, with landslides being one of the natural risks that have caused great impacts worldwide. The aim of this research was to explore a method based on machine learning to evaluate susceptibility to rotational landslides in an area near Cuenca city, Ecuador, which has a high incidenc...

The widespread use of LiDAR technology in a multitude of domains has produced a growing availability of massive high-resolution point datasets that demand new approaches for efficient organization and storage, filtering using different spatio-temporal criteria, selective/progressive visualization, processing and analysis, and collaborative editing....

This paper deals with the use of aerial photogrammetry and LiDAR techniques to analyze landslide activity over a long time span—just over 32 years. The data correspond to several aerial surveys (1984, 1996, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2016) covering an area of about 50 km2 along highway A-44, near Jaén (Southern Spain). An ad hoc combine...

Gully erosion is one of the main processes of soil degradation, reaching 50%–90% of total erosion in basins. As erosion processes are related to rainfall regime, the depletion and deposition rates can be increasing in a climate change scenario. This paper deals with the quantification of erosion processes in an active gully affecting olive groves o...

An approach based on images captured by means of an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) and Structure from Motion – Multi Video Stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry is presented for the study of the gully erosion in a catchment area of about 16 ha. The study area is located in the province of Jaén (SW Spain) where the main land use is the olive groves. Three U...

This study describes a new approach to Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems (RPAS) photogrammetric mission flight planning. In this context, we have identified different issues appearing in complex scenes or difficulties caused by the project requirements in order to establish those functions or tools useful for resolving them. This approach includes th...

Gully erosion is one of the main processes of soil degradation, representing 50%–90% of total erosion at basin scales. Thus, its precise characterization has received growing attention in recent years. Geomatics techniques, mainly photogrammetry and LiDAR, can support the quantitative analysis of gully development. This paper deals with the applica...

The Costa Tropical in Granada Province, in Southern Spain, was intensively developed during the 1980s and 90s. A complex of several residential communities was built on the eastern slope of the coastal Cerro Gordo hill (Almuñécar), on the pre-existing Calaiza landslide. This was not identified in the preliminary technical studies, thus giving rise...

In this work a detailed analysis of the temporal evolution of the Almegíjar landslide is presented. It is a rock slide located in the Alpujarras region (Granada, Spain) that has developed over the last 30 years. Six datasets and photogrammetric flights corresponding to the years 1956, 1984, 1992, 2001, 2008, and 2010 were surveyed. The more recent...

This paper deals with the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) techniques and high resolution photogrammetry to study the evolution of a landslide affecting olive groves. The last decade has seen an extensive use of UAV, a technology in clear progression in many environmental applications like landslide research. The methodology starts wit...

The province of Jaen (Southern Spain) has one of the largest concentrations of medieval fortresses of all Europe. Moreover ancient Iberian settlements located in oppida (fortified villages) and dated at VI-IV BC also are outstanding examples of historical heritage landmarks in the region. Most of these places are being restored or under documentati...

The province of Jaen (Southern Spain) has one of the largest concentrations of medieval fortresses of all Europe. Moreover ancient Iberian settlements located in oppida (fortified villages) and dated at VI-IV BC also are outstanding examples of historical heritage landmarks in the region. Most of these places are being restored or under documentati...

This paper presents a methodology for slope instability monitoring using photogrammetric techniques with very high resolution images from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). An unstable area located in La Guardia (Jaen, Southern Spain), where an active mud flow has been identified, was surveyed between 2012 and 2014 by means of four UAV flights. Thes...

In this work a methodology for preparing landslides susceptibility and hazard maps is presented, based in a bivariate analysis between past movements and determinant factors. The methodology for determining the susceptibility is an adaptation of the matrix method to a GIS, and it has been tested and validated in different zones and environments of...

In this work several techniques for the elaboration of landslides databases are compared. The used techniques are the digitalization on ortophotographies (monoplotting), the digitalization on aerial photographs and geometrical correction, the translate to a topographical map and digitalization, and, finally, the stereoplotting using digital photogr...

This paper presents a method for studying recent landscape evolution due to mass movements. The method presented employs digital photogrammetric techniques, combined with global positioning system (GPS) measurements, to analyse landslide features depicted in aerial images taken by ad hoc and historical flights. The method was applied and validated...

Studies of the distribution of the seismicity are very useful in order to recognize active areas, imagine fault geometries, and to relate earthquake activity to particular tectonic structures. The identification of straight-linear earthquake-epicentres alignments can reflect underlying active tectonic structures as faults. Nevertheless, these point...

Nowadays cartographic products are usually obtained from data sources which provide large amount of data. LiDAR acquisition system is a good example of the great quantity of data obtained, such as points with spatial coordinates in a determined reference system. The height of these points is usually related to a global ellipsoid (e.g. WGS84), but t...

In this work it is performed a comparison of two methods for obtaining digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthoimages of medium-sized archaeological sites (500-5000 m2). The photogrammetric methods analyzed consist in the use of a light aerial platform applying the normal case of photogrammetry (vertical photographs and regular blocks), and the se...

At present, airborne laser scanner systems are one of the most frequent methods used to obtain digital terrain elevation models. While having the advantage of direct measurement on the object, the point cloud obtained has the need for classification of their points according to its belonging to the ground. This need for classification of raw data h...

At present, cultural heritage documentation projects use a variety of spatial data acquisition techniques such as conventional surveying, photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning. This paper deals with a full documentation project based on all those techniques in the Royal Chapel located in the Cathedral-Mosque of Cordoba in Spain, declared Wo...

After the heavy rains of 2009/10 winter, a road cut in the national highway A-44 and the upper slope became unstable; the mass invaded the way and caused important traffic interruptions by several months. The landslide was measured by means of terrestrial laser-scanner techniques and, because of the zone morphology, the used methodology involved sc...

Se presentan diversos métodos para la documentación del Patrimonio Cultural a partir de técnicas no invasivas, y que puedan servir de base para la proyección y ejecución de actuaciones de estudio, conservación y puesta en valor.

RESUMEN En este trabajo se ha evaluado la susceptibilidad frente a movimientos de ladera para el área ocupada por el Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada. Para realizar el análisis de la susceptibilidad se han tenido en cuenta numerosos factores condicionantes, los cuales se han dividido entre variables obtenidas di-rectamente del Modelo Digital de Ele...

Mapping mission is to obtain an accurate representation of the form and the elements that exist in a particular area or region. Therefore, mapping projects often use a large number of points, which in recent years has increased with the use of LiDAR systems. The orthometric height determination can be done from a local geoid model determining the u...

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are widely used in GIS to predict the impact of coastal flooding and Sea Level Rise in coastal areas. Furthermore, DEM change detection within a certain time period may be also used to automatically quantify the coastal landscape changes. In this sense many researchers have adopted 3D surface matching techniques with...

Resumen Este trabajo presenta las ideas y trabajos preliminares del proyecto Integración de Técnicas de Fotogrametría y Escáner Láser Terrestre para la Documentación Patrimonial (IFOTEL TIN2009-09939; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Plan Nacional I+D+i, 2008-2011), con el que se pretende buscar la mejora y optimización de la documentación del p...

In this paper, the applicability of the Newmark method at regional, sub-regional and site scales has been investigated in the Lorca Basin (Murcia). This basin is located in one of the most seismically active regions of Spain. The area is very interesting for studying earthquake-induced slope instabilities as there are well-known cases associated wi...

Complex landslides in clay-bearing sediments are investigated in two moderate-relief regions of Southeast Spain. Both regions, more than 100 km apart show landslides affecting the same Flysch formation, which outcrops widely in the central and western Betic Cordillera along the contact between the External (South Iberian Domain) and Internal (Albor...

A hybrid theoretical–empirical model has been developed for modelling the error in LiDAR-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) of non-open terrain. The theoretical component seeks to model the propagation of the sample data error (SDE), i.e. the error from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data capture of ground sampled points in open terrain,...

Traditional methods using aerial photographs for shoreline measurement often involved non-stereo photography with no vertical information. However, digital elevation models (coastal elevation models or CEMs in our case) are widely used in GIS to predict the impact of coastal flooding and Sea Level Rise. Hence, we propose the CEM methodology to cope...

Hypsometry is thought to be sensitive to tectonic uplift rates and lithology differences. In this study we calculated hypsometric integrals (HIs) using as topographic sources two digital elevation models of 10 and 90 m of pixel resolution in the Granada basin (SE of Spain). The HI spatial distributions do not show clear spatial patterns and do not...

This paper is about the evaluation of a digital non-metric reflex camera (Canon D30) for low cost applications in archaeology, architecture and cultural heritage. At present digital cameras of different geometric qualities are being routinely used for this purposes. The Canon D30 digital camera is a professional camera with a CMOS sensor of 3.2 Mp....

Most of the recent studies and projections of precipitation patterns, based on records observed in the past and climate change scenarios for the Mediterranean basin, suggest a relatively slow decrease in rainfall amounts over the years but an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events. These are key factors in desertification process...

The stream length-gradient index (SL) shows the variation in stream power along river reaches. This index is very sensitive to changes in channel slope, thus allowing the evaluation of recent tectonic activity and/or rock resistance. Nevertheless, the comparison of SL values from rivers of different length is biased due to the manner in which the i...

Terrain relief modifications are mainly due to geodynamic processes, both internal and external earth processes, to climate change and to human activities. The dynamics of these processes can be shown as slow and progressive changes or as major relief modifications. Geomorphologic changes can be considered as slope geometry modifications. Thus the...

El deslizamiento de Diezma afectó a un volumen superior al millón de m3 de material y cortó la Autovía A-92 a su paso por el paraje conocido como Cortijo de Rías. El drenaje de la zona afectada por el deslizamiento fue una de las principales medidas correctoras para su estabilización. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una campaña de ge...

In this work we present the first results of an analysis applied to detection of landslides features using remote sensing techniques in rock masses at the Betic Cordilleras (southern Spain). After geometric and radiometric corrections, several techniques are used to facilitate a first visual approach to landslide identification, from enhancement an...

Avda. Los Castros s/n. 39005-Santander (SPAIN). (gonzalea, diazjr)@unican.es Commission VIII, WG VIII/2 ABSTRACT: This paper deals about the use of non metric reflex digital cameras in landslide monitoring and the analysis of landscape evolution from comparison of present digital photographs and old digitized analogue metric terrestrial photographs...

Application of local indices of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) to the hypsometric integral using GIS in the Granada basin shows a strong correlation between our results and the main distribution of active faults in the basin. This way, clusters with low HI values define the main Quaternary depocenters developed on the normal fault hangingwalls, whi...

En este trabajo se plantea una aproximaci?n al complicado problema de la localizaci?n, extracci?n y representaci?n vectorial de manera semiautom?tica de edificaciones situadas en zonas urbanas o suburbanas, a partir del an?lisis de modelos de superficie, lo suficientemente densos como para representar la escena urbana, y de im?genes a?reas orientad...

This paper presents a method for evaluating local uncertainty due to the modelling process in a DEM generation. Local uncertainty is a basic aspect to determine the final quality of the DEM and it is crucial in order to establish the capabilities of use of the model. The proposed methodology is based in the use of geostatistical simulation procedur...

This paper presents a methodology to evaluate and map environmental hazard and characterize environmental impact of heavy metals in Guadiamar river margins (South of Spain) contaminated by the Aznalcóllar mining spill. This methodology accounts for uncertainties in the mapping of the probability of soil contamination with different heavy metals and...

In this work several techniques for the elaboration of landslides databases are compared. The used techniques are the digitalization on ortophotographies (monoplotting), the digitalization on aerial photographs and geometrical correction, the translate to a topographical map and digitalization, and, finally, the stereoplotting using digital photogr...

Landslides are one of the most frequent deformations in the shallow layers of the Earth and have very important social and economic consequences. It is one of the more hazardous natural risks. At present landslide knowledge and modelling are an interesting research line in order to establish the susceptibility of a certain zone to be affected by on...

There is a wide range of systems providing digital satellite imagery with different spatial and spectral resolutions. But, unfortunately, these resolutions are in most cases opposite; i.e., the high-resolution sensors have low spectral resolution whereas the multiespectral sensors have good spectral resolution but bad spatial resolution making thei...

An algorithm using no external data is proposed for removing the inhomogeneous effect of thin cloudiness and other aerosols on multispectral satellite sensor images such as Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) images. The method consists of a series of digital processing operations and is based on principal component analysis (PCA). The goal is t...

This paper is about a complete photogrammetric record of St. Domingo de Silos' Church (XIV century), in Alcala la Real (Jaen, Spain). It was declared National Monument in 1931. At present it is a ruin heavily damaged and near to collapse. So, local authorities have decided urgent actions for the reconstruction. Previous to the restoration works, di...

This paper is about the evaluation of a digital non-metric reflex camera (Canon D30) for low cost applications in archaeology, architecture and cultural heritage. At present digital cameras of different geometric qualities are being routinely used for this purposes. The Canon D30 digital camera is a professional camera with a CMOS sensor of 3.2 Mp....

The merging of multisensor image data is becoming a widely used procedure because of the complementary nature of various data sets. Ideally, the method used to merge data sets with high-spatial and high-spectral resolution that should not distort the spectral characteristics of the high-spectral resolution data. The paper presents a geostatistical...

This paper presents a methodology to account for uncertainties in mapping of the probability of soil contamination by different heavy metals. The methodology is based on a co-simulation technique using direct sequential simulation of a multivariate set of variables, with each variable simulated based on hard data, the heavy-metal concentrations in...

Interpretation of remote sensing images into terrestrial attributes is very dependent of their spatial and spectral resolution. Normally, these types of resolution are contradictory: high spatial resolution sensors have a low spectral resolution whereas multispectral sensors have a low spatial resolution. Digital image-merging procedures are techni...

The main conclusion is the capability of the geostatistical methodology for the bathimetric data analysis. The used methodology has been specially designed for treat a large volume of data and has allowed to obtain a morphological classification of the area. The classification had been based in 58 parameters obtained from the local structural analy...

RESUMEN Se ha desarrollado una aplicación informática bajo entorno IDL® (Interactive Data Language) para el inventario de olivos a partir de imágenes georreferenciadas (ortofotografías digitales). Este programa aplica técnicas de tratamiento de imagen basadas en la binarización y clasificación digital. Además, la aplicación dispone de algunas herra...

Presents a low-cost and low time-consuming photogrammetric method to obtain digital 3D models and morphometric information of fossils. The original images were obtained with a previously calibrated conventional 35mm camera, digitized on desktop scanner and stored on TIFF or JPEG format. The photogrammetric treatment was done under conventional PC,...

The formation and development of gullies by surface runoff is a process affecting South of Spain. This undesirable effect specially occurs in areas where vegetation and crops (mainly olive and other fruit trees cropping) are sparsely distributed. In these conditions canopy can not protect soils when high torrential rainfalls occur and land degradat...

Digital Surface Models (DSM) are widely used for many applications (deriving contour and slope maps, orthoimages, building extraction, …). To utilise DSMs effectively, it is necessary to ensure that they are accurate enough to meet the requirements of our pecific application. In order to assess the accuracy of a DSM, two basic aspects must be consi...

Se presenta un método sencillo para la eliminación o reducción del efecto de la turbidez o falta de transparencia de la atmósfera producida sobre imágenes multiespectrales como Landsat-ETM, que hayan sido adquiridas en situaciones meteorológicas no óptimas. Bádsicamente consiste en la realización de una transformación a componentes principales, seg...

The Bajo Segura basin, in the eastern Betic Cordillera, displays a seismic activity characterized by small-magnitude earthquakes (1.5-4.5 mb), with some occasional moderate to high-magnitude events (> 5.0 mb). These earthquakes are produced by the activity of blind faults without surface ruptures. For this reason, the detection of paleoearthquakes...

Sedimentary field surveying uses 2D outcrop images to rapidly and easily obtain quantitative information. Although photogrammetry is capable of a complete and accurate 3D analysis, this technique requires great technical expertise, as well as intricate and expensive software and hardware. Rectified digital images, instead, represent a cost-effectiv...

Se analiza el interés potencial de las técnicas fotogramétricas aplicadas al estudio de formaciones con interés geominero. Se han empleado técnicas fotogramétricas digitales mediante pares estereoscópicos y fotografías convergentes sobre afloramientos geológicos en el terreno y formaciones espeleológicas en cuevas naturales.

Se presenta un estudio preliminar sobre viabilidad de obtención de MDT de formaciones espeleológicas en cuevas naturales a partir de técnicas fotogramétricas digitales con pares estereoscópicos y fotografías convergentes. La metodología propuesta incluye calibración de una cámara semimétrica, el empleo para las tomas de una barra de construcción pr...

To utilise DSMs effectively it is necessary to ensure that they are sufficiently accurate to meet the requirements of our specific application. In order to assess the accuracy of a model two basic aspects must be considered: the measured data accuracy and the modelling quality. In this work we show a geostatistical approach to the surface modelling...

A program for the automatic inner orientation of non-metric digitized images taken with 35 and 70 mm cameras has been implemented under I.D.L. 5.0 (Interactive Data Language, release 5.0 from Research System Inc.). The program is based in the detection of the four edges that define the frame format. The approach to detect the edges uses Prewitt fil...

Se presenta una metodología para la detección y cuantificación de huecos y cavidades mineras, a partir de los planos de labores interiores, mediante técnicas de tratamiento de imágenes.

Se presentan los trabajos cartográficos realizados en el marco del Proyecto de Investigación CICYT HID98-0983, actualmente en fase de realización a cargo de las Universidades de Granada y Jaén y se expone la utilidad para el conocimiento y conservación del patrimonio minero del distrito de Linares.

Se presenta un método para simulación y análisis de errores en fotogrametría de objeto cercano basado en un modelo matemático de autocalibración, el cual permite el empleo de cámaras no métricas. La primera fase del estudio comprende la simulación de las fotografías y posteriormente, una vez resuelta la autocalibración del bloque de fotografías se...

La Transformación Lineal Directa (DLT) es un método analítico desarrollado por Abdel-Aziz y Karara en la década de los 70 para la obtención de las coordenadas espaciales tridimensionales de un objeto a partir de varias fotografías convergentes del mismo, obtenidas con una cámara no métrica. Pese a su falta de rigurosidad matemática, es un método qu...

A photogrammetric study employing geostatistical techniques was carried out to detect changes due to hydric erosion in slopy termines. Photogrammetry allows accurate measurements of spatial coordinates to be made with any disturbance of natural conditions. With the experimental points, given by Photogrammetry, digital elevation models (DEM) were ge...

Se presenta un ejemplo de las posibilidades que ofrece la Fotogrametría Digital en la obtención de información topogartográfica para la planificación y control de carreteras.

Se presentan, tras una breve revisión metodológica de los fundamentos teóricos de la Geoestadística, tres ejemplos de aplicación de la metodología geosestadística al tratamiento de datos topocartográficos. Los ejemplos presentados son la generación de un MDE con cálculo de los errores de estimación, la optimización de la malla de puntos experimenta...

El estudio de la erosión hídrica en taludes requiere de información experimental que en general es de difícil y laboriosa adquisición. Se presenta un método basado en fotogrametría terrestre de corta distancia para la definición de las formas del microrrelieve con una precisión de pocos milímetros.

Se realiza un resumen de los aspectos metodológicos básicos que aporta la Fotogrametría Digital para la automatización del proceso cartográfico. Dichos aspectos se basan en la utilización de imágenes digitales que pueden ser "interpretadas" por un sistema informático y por tanto permiten la automatización de diversas etapas del proceso fotogramétri...

In this paper, a practical application of the non linear estimation method of Disjunctive Kriging to the hydrogeochemical characterization of a marine intrusion process in the coastal carbo-detritic aquifer of Aguadulce (Campo de Dalías, Almería, SE Spain) is shown. The marine intrusion has been caused by an intense exploitation of water for the ir...

The SICONID program, written in FORTRAN 77 for the conditional simulation of geological variables in one dimension, is presented. The program permits all the necessary steps to obtain a simulated series of the experimental data to be carried out. These states are: acquisition of the experimental values, modelization of the anamorphosis function, va...

de base rectangular que representa al edificio. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN En la actualidad más de la mitad de la población mundial habita zonas urbanas o suburbanas, y el desarrollo que se ha producido en ellas en estos últimos tiempos ha sido enorme. Esto leva a que cada día sea más necesario el contar con una cartografía precisa y actualizada de dichas zon...

J. (2010): Aplica-ciones medioambientales del sensor fotogramétrico de matriz lineal ADS40. En: Ojeda, RESUMEN En los últimos años la aparición de los sensores fotogramétricos digitales de gran resolución ha supuesto un gran avance en los procesos y productos cartográficos obtenidos por técnicas fotogramétricas. Las resoluciones radiomé-tricas y es...