Jongsung Sim

• Ph D. from Michigan State Univ
• Professor (Full) at Hanyang University

The purport of this study is to efficiently recycle waste glass, one of silica-based industrial by-products, and use it as a cement substitute for sustainable construction. Waste glass powder (WGP) and waste glass sludge (WGS) were manufactured from the waste glass and their feasibility, for use in concrete as partial replacement of cement, was eva...

In cold climates, deicing agents are used to reduce traffic problems due to ice and snowdrifts. However, the use of deicing salts results in accelerated scaling of concrete surfaces on account of damage caused by salt combined with rapid freeze–thaw cycles. These cycles reduce user safety and the service life of concrete pavement. Moreover, scaling...

The present study concerns the influence of cementitious binder on electrochemical treatment of steel embedded in salt contaminated mortar. As binder, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used and the current density of 250–750 mA/m ² was applied for 4 weeks to complete electrochemical chloride extract...

The effects of aggregate and cement type on the properties of steam-cured concrete were explored. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and high early strength cement (HESC) were used as binders, and recycled and natural aggregates were used as inert mineral filler aggregates in the concrete. The developed concretes exhibited adequate levels of compressiv...

The enormous amount of concrete production has a serious impact on energy, resources, environment and ecosystem. Therefore, the issue of development of sustainable concrete technology with little impact on the environment is becoming a major issue. In this paper, researches related with sustainable development of concrete are presented in last thre...

The authors carried out experimental and analytical research to evaluate the flexural capacity and the moment-deflection relationship of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars. The proposed model to predict the effective moment of inertia for R/C beam with GFRP bars was developed empirically, based on Branson’s equation to have better accuracy an...

Currently, bridge deck slabs reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars have been widely studied and applied to the bridge deck slabs in North America. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the structural performance of the concrete bridge slabs reinforced using FRP bars, especially Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) bars. Thi...

Recycled aggregate is a valuable resource in Korea in lack of natural aggregate. Government recognizes the importance and suggests various policies enhancing its use for higher value-added application. Most of recycled aggregate produced currently in Korea, however, is applied for low value-added uses such as embankment, reclamation, etc. Its highe...

PURPOSES : This study aims to develop a repair material that can enhance pavement performance, inducing rapid traffic opening through early strength development and fast setting time by utilizing MgO-based patching materials for repairing road pavements. METHODS : To consider the applicability of MgO-based patching materials for repairing domestic...

The growing concern over global warming and significant ecological changes requires sustainable development in all fields of science and technology. Concrete not only consumes huge amount of energy and natural sources, but also emits large amount of CO2, mainly due to the production of cement. It is evident that such large amount of concrete produc...

This study was conducted to assess the field applicability of the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) slip-form proposed in previous studies by testing its performance-related properties in various experiments. We compared the initial curing temperature of concrete, which exerts the greatest impact on reducing the construction duration in the sli...

In this paper, a more effective construction method is introduced, wherein the mechanical advantages of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) are applied to the slip-form method. The slip-form method, which is a typical moving form method, has advantages such as reduced construction duration and simple components because it enables continuous formi...

This study is to investigate the predictability of the existing punching shear formulas and to evaluate the best predictable punching shear formula including probabilistic evaluation method including the level of 95% probability. The considered punching shear formulas are existing 10 formulas, which are based on the standard codes and newly develop...

In cold-climate regions, deicing agents is used for smooth traffic on the road due to freezing and snowdrift in winter. The use of de-icing salts has resulted in the accelerated scaling damage of concrete with salt damage under freezing and thawing condition. Scaling is the deterioration of concrete where in the paste-mortar structure delaminates i...

This study provides a new approach to evaluate the load carrying capacity in rating factor (RF) of prestressed concrete I type girder bridges utilising nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis. RF has been conventionally calculated either by ultimate strength design (USD) or allowable stress design methods in terms of live load effects. This study in...

Deterioration of concrete bridge decks affects their durability, safety, and function. It is therefore necessary to conduct structural rehabilitation of damaged concrete decks by strengthening them with fiber-reinforced polymer. Of the recent studies on the strengthened structures, most have focused on static behavior; only a few studies have inves...

Precast concrete blocks are used mainly for score protection, slope protection and riverbed structure protection, etc. Because these concrete blocks are exposed to water or wetting environments, the steel rebar used as reinforcements in concrete blocks can corrode easily. Corrosion of the steel rebar tends to reduce the performance and service life...

Cross-bracing (X-bracing) is one of the most popular methods of seismic retrofitting. Research results indicate that X-bracing significantly increases structural stiffness and enhances the strength of the structures. However, researchers have also noted that conventional steel X-bracing methods can involve brittle failure at the connection between...

The construction of the three-dimensional shaped pylons higher than 400 m requires very high technological degree. It is known that the application of the tapered slip form method for the erection of the concrete pylon of long-span cable bridges offers the advantage of being significantly faster than when applying the auto-climbing system (ACS) for...

Subsidiary concrete structures such as a barrier and a side-channel suffer from rapid deterioration due to the excessive use of an de-icing in Korea. Consequently, the needs for replacement and/or repair of the structures has increased significantly, resulting in the increase of the maintenance cost. The preliminary study strongly indicates that it...

The basic study on applying recycled aggregate to precast product has been on the rise thanks to enhanced quality and serviceability of recycled aggregate produced in Korea. But the study has been at standstill due to lack of standard or example which could be directly applied to the case. This study thus is intended to evaluate the performance aft...

This study investigates fundamental properties of the recycled aggregate which was produced through recent hi-technique of recycling. In addition, the mechanical properties of the concrete that was made by the recycled aggregate were compared to the concrete made of natural aggregate. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the conc...

This paper presents a new strengthening method on concrete column against seismic loads for structural performance tests. An X-bracing using high performance carbon fiber threads called the "Carbon fiber anchor X-bracing system" is used to connect RC frames internally. The carbon fiber sheet is wrapped around the column to fix the top and bottom of...

Slip-form construction is a construction method for tall structures, such as buildings, bridges, towers, offshore platforms and dams, in which concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. These forms serve as supporting walls strong enough to bear the concrete weight poured over top of it. Slip-form has been used for the construction of tall...

In this study, a standardized test method to analyze tensile properties of multi-directional GFRP plate was proposed. Presently, tensile strength test of FRP composite reinforced with isotropic and orthotropic fiber is standardized according to ISO standard. Also, even though many studies were performed on test method to analyze the dynamic propert...

This study comprises of analysis of a set of certain values obtained in order to determine the loss of tension force in the holding down steel bolts used in connecting the tower with the pier, in a cable stayed bridge. The loss in force was determined at the age of 14 years and 26 years. The values thus obtained were compared with the values based...

This study was conducted to examine the bond strength of a beam reinforced with a GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) rebar through a four-point bending test, adopting the British standard. The variables were made to have a bonding length 5 times (5 db), 10 times (10 db), and 15 times (15 db) that of the nominal diameter of a GFRP rebar. This was...

Construction and demolition waste has been dramatically increased in the last decade, and social and environmental concerns on the recycling have consequently been increased. Recent technology has greatly improved the recycling process for waste concrete. This study investigates the fundamental characteristics of concrete using recycled concrete ag...

The structures that use the bridge plates are considered to have advantages such as short work term, excellent economical efficiency and low maintenance cost. Bridge plates are being widely used for water ducts and eco-corridors as replacements of reinforced concrete ducts. Bridge plates are deep and have greater pitch as compare to conventionally...

The current encased-concrete deep corrugated steel plate has an arch type plate structure, which is a compressive strength-dominant structure that has a small moment due to its arch shape. Therefore, it increases the strength against compression by adding reinforcements to make concrete-filling spaces for increasing the compressive strength and for...

The problems such as natural resource exhaustion, pollutant emission and waste generation are increasing worldwide with the industrial development. The quantity of the industrial by-product in Korea is 6 million tons a year, and even its basic treatment processes including landfill, incineration and storage have reached their limits. In this study,...

Rock Bolt generally utilizes deformed reinforcing bar welded from structural steel of which strength is higher than required for making advantageous use of the support function of ground. In the condition with highly corrosive underground water, however, problem frequently occurs on tunnel and slope stabilization in terms of repair, rehabilitation...

The railroad bridges have been usually experienced by vibration and impact in service state. With this reason, it is important that the effective strengthening capacity should be considered to resist the kind of service loading. In this study, NSM strengthening technique is recommended for the concrete railroad bridge because of its better effectiv...

As the construction of marine concrete structures become more common, durability issues are gaining importance. This study introduces a newly developed chloride-inhibiting low-heat cement that is a quaternary blended cement. The pri-mary target application of the newly developed cement is massive marine concrete structures. The adiabatic temperatur...

This study focuses on the bond performance of ribbed type of GFRP rebar to concrete at high temperature and discusses the results of pullout tests. Pullout tests of ribbed type of GFRP rebars embedded in concrete are conducted to obtain an accurate bond stress-slip laws and also to closely observe the state of the surface of pulled-out rebars at fa...

Surface deformations of GFRP rebars are important in developing mechanical anchorage. The mixture of epoxy resin and milled glass fibers is considered as an alternative for surface structure of GFRP rebar to enhance the bond with the concrete. In order to investigate the applicability of the surface structure, manufacturing, material tests, pullout...

We propose a predictive model for shear strength of RC beams strengthened by fiber material. It consists of a plasticity model for web crushing, a truss model for diagonal tension, and a simple flexural theory based on the ultimate strength method. To analyze the shear-strengthening effect of the fiber, the model considers the interfacial shear-bon...

Recently, as large structures become lighter and more flexible, the necessity of structural control for reducing excessive displacement and acceleration due to seismic excitation is increased. As a means to minimize seismic damages, various base isolation systems are adopted or considered for adoption. In this study, a base isolation system using h...

This study is to investigate the flexural performance of Near Surface Mounted (NSM) strengthening method using Fiber reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials to concrete structures. For this study, the inverse-shaped trapezoid CFRP composite material which has been registered as New Excellent Technology (NET) 351 was adopted to the concrete structure. In...

This study is to examine bond strength of beam reinforced with GFRP rebar under 4-point fatigue bending test by adopting BRITISH STANDARD. The variables were made to have bonding length of 5times(5db), and 15times(15db) of the nominal diameter of GFRP rebar and were done to analyze the relationship between the bonding strength and the slip. In the...

The purpose of this study is to improve and modify the evaluation method of load carrying capacity for simply supported PSC I Typed girder bridge. To do this, conventional ASD(Allowable Stress Design) and USD(Ultimate Strength Design) evaluation method were initially investigated and it was evaluated that the conventional USD evaluation method may...

The near surface mounted (NSM) FRP strengthening method has been conventionally applied for strengthening the deteriorated concrete structures. The NSM strengthening method, however, has been issued with the problem of limitation of the cutting depth which is usually considered as concrete cover depth. This may be related with degradation of bondin...

To fundamentally solve the problem of deterioration of concrete structures, it has been researched that the high durable concrete structure reinforced with the FRP rebar can be one of major solution to the newly-developed concrete structure. FRP rebar has lots of advantages such as non-corrosive, high performance and light weight against the conven...

Most recent studies on strengthening materials and methods for concrete structures have focused only on external bonded plates. Fiber reinforced polymer rod similar to reinforcing steel bars have rarely been considered. In this study, an experiment was performed using beams strengthened with rod-type Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer and high-strengt...

This paper presents experimental results obtained from direct pull-out tests of commonly used and a new type of glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar. The new GFRP rebar, developed by the authors, has a surface structure composed of milled glass fibres and epoxy resin, and its appearance resembles that of ordinary steel rebar. The effects of...

Among various types of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials, sheet-formed materials are commonly used for the strengthening of reinforced concrete structures. Basalt fiber sheet has shown a good durability to a harsh environmental condition comparing to other typical fiber sheets, such as glass and carbon fiber sheets [1]. This study investigat...

In this study, the fundamental bond mechanisms of various surface type for GFRP rebars were mentioned in terms of pullout force vs. relative slips of loaded and free end. The ribbed, braided and covered type of GFRP rebar were used for experimental program. The effect of surface deformations on bond mechanisms was investigated. For the ribbed type...

Different backcalculation results for the same material properties are caused by different structural geometry. In this paper, based on real simulation results for typical pavement systems using 3-dimensional FE models, modified AREA graphs are proposed to graphically backcalculate modulus of elasticity of slab and subgrade based on center deflecti...

The results in this paper suggest that migration of the electrons, captured during the fast charging process, to other available traps represents the major process responsible for the intrinsic V_t instability in the high-k NMOS transistors. The extracted trap characteristics are consistent with those of the oxygen vacancies in the monocl...

Deteriorated concrete bridge decks are strengthened with external bonding technique using either steel plate or various FRPs to enhance the decreased load carrying capacity and serviceability. But the failure characteristics of bridge decks strengthened with various materials can be changed according to mechanical properties of strengthening materi...

This study investigated the effectiveness of external strengthening technique. The experimental variables were the strengthening material and overlay materials using polymer mixtures. Beams considered in this study are the ones strengthened either with external steel plate or carbon fiber sheet (CFS) bonded to the overlay soffit or with reinforcing...

Various types and forms of FRP materials have been applied for structural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. When CFRP plates are used, however, a premature failure used to occur before strengthening effect appears adequately. This is primarily due to the rip-off of CFRP plate attached on RC beams. Despite of numerous studies on the r...

This study investigates the punching shear strength of concrete bridge decks strengthened with various fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials, carbon fiber sheet (CFS), glass fiber sheet (GFS) and carbon fiber grid (CFG). This study performed fatigue loading tests on the strengthened bridge decks with different fatigue loading levels. Based on th...

Traditional concrete structures with steel reinforcing bars shall gradually deteriorate owing to external loadings and environmental attacks. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is one of the most attractive alternative material for steel since it provides excellent tensile strength and much higher corrosion resistance as well as lower self-weight. This...

Even though the application of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) as a concrete reinforcement becomes more common with various advantages, one of the inherent shortcomings may include its brittleness and on-site fabrication and handling. Therefore, the shape of FRP products has been limited only to a straight bar or sheet type. This study suggests a ne...

IABSE Conference proceedings compile papers presented orally at IABSE congresses, symposia, smaller conferences and workshops. Congress and Symposia Reports are dedicated to a broader conference theme dealing with all kind of structural engineering topics, such as concept, analysis, design, construction, operation and maintenance, and all kinds of...

Nowadays, the general stripping work of form has brought some problems; increase of total constructing cost resulted from the man-dependent form work procedure and environmental issues by wasting the debonded form. In this study, to effectively reduce unnecessary cost and resolve the environmental problems caused by these kinds of reason, a permane...

Behavior of concrete pavement due to temperature gradient was investigated for 48 hours at test road using Falling Weight Deflectometer. The deflections at slab center changed similarly to those of ambient temperature and temperature gradients in the slab. And rapid variations in the deflections were observed between 8 to 12 in the morning. However...

A strengthening method using fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) has been widely applied for deteriorated reinforced concrete bridges. Advantages of this method may include that the strengthened structures do not increase dead weight and that no corrosion is concerned. From various experimental studies, behavior characteristics of the FRP strengthened...

There are numerous challenges in scaling the Hf-based hieh-k dielectric gate stack to sub-mn equivalent oxide thickness (EOT): bottom interface thickness and k-value, high-k initiation and growth, and elimination of interfacial reactions such as occurs between the poly-silicon gate electrode and high-k dielectric. In addition, the high-k/poly-Si ga...

A strengthening method using fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) has been widely applied for deteriorated reinforced concrete bridges. Advantages of this method may include that the strengthened structures do not increase dead weight and that no corrosion is concerned. From various, experimental studies, behavior characteristics of the FRP strengthened...

This study investigates the applicability of the basalt fiber as a strengthening material for structural concrete members through various experimental works for durability, mechanical properties, and flexural strengthening. The basalt fiber used in this study was manufactured in Russia and exhibited the tensile strength of 1000 MPa, which was about...

Cracks that occurred in the bottom slab of a precast segmental bridge were investigated through a construction sequence analysis, which revealed that the cracks were caused by excessive deformation during temporary post-tensioning while joining the segments. In addition, a parametric study was performed to evaluate the effects of the prestressing s...

Concrete bridge decks require eventual replacement and rehabilitation due to decreasing load-carrying capacity. This paper compares different strengthening design procedures that improve the usability and structural performance of bridge decks. The failure characteristics of bridge decks strengthened with various materials such as carbon fiber shee...

The dominant failure modes of bridge deck are either flexure-shear or punching shear. Bridge decks strengthened with fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) have an increased punching shear strength as well as improved flexural strength. This transforms the failure mode from biaxial bending to punching shear. Therefore, it is desirable to design the stren...

Recent results on device instability indicate that the methodologies developed for electrical characterization of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices with SiO2 gate dielectric may not be sufficiently accurate for high-k devices. While the physical origin of the instabilities in high-k devices is yet to be identified, it is found that many of th...

Synopsis: Synopsis: Synopsis: Synopsis: Synopsis: The FRP system is a good alternative of the traditional shear strengthening technique. This study evaluates the shear strengthening effects on the reinforced concrete beams strengthened with varying types of FRP materials, CFRP, CFS and GFRP. The entire strengthened specimens were failed in the mode...

Corrosion of steel dowels in concrete pavement reduces their useful service life and creates considerable maintenance and repair expenditures for concrete pavements. Class fiber-reinforce polymer(GFRP) dowel bars are a possible maintenance-free alternative that will potentially reduce the overall lift cycle cost of pavement. This study presents phy...

This study investigates fundamental properties of recycled aggregate concrete which incorporated recycled coarse aggregate and various amount of recycled fine aggregate. In addition, for the purpose of the improvement of long term strength and durability, a part of cement was replaced with fly ash. Compressive strength and resistance to chloride io...

This study developed a shear strength prediction model of FRP strengthened reinforced concrete beams in shear. The primary design parameters were shear crack angle and shear span to depth ratio of FRP reinforcement. Of primary concern In the suggested model was the FRP debonding failure, which Is a typical fracture mode of RC beams strengthened wit...

To evaluate the proposed shear strength models developed in a companion paper, the shear strengths of test specimens strengthened with FRP were predicted by ACl specification, and elsewhere. The advantage and disadvantage of the models were investigated by the comparisons with the test results. The characteristics and limitations of the existing mo...

In this study, pull-out tests of GFRP reinforcing bars with rib, which is containing milled glass fiber, were performed. Rib is attached to surface of FRP re-bar for improvement of bond capacity with concrete. The maximum average bond strength, stiffness and failure mode of pull-out test specimens were evaluated. As a results of test, it is confirm...

In this study, a static load tests were performed on concrete T-beams bridge to evaluate strengthening performance of Carbon Fiber Sheet, Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics, and Aramid Fiber Sheet. Concrete weight blocks were used for loading method. Strain of re-bar and strengthening materials and displacement of bridge at mid-span were measured duri...

To simulate fatigue damage to bridge deck slabs, cyclic loading was applied to test panels, which were then reinforced with carbon fiber sheets (CFS) using two different methods. Subsequently, the strengthened panels were tested under cyclic loads. The observed response to fatigue loads differed markedly from the results of static tests. Isotropic...

This paper investigates the enhanced structural performance of concrete bridge decks subject to monotonic and cyclic loads and strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced rod (CFR). The CFRs were embedded either isotropically or orthotropically in the mortar overlay, and bridge deck specimens were used to investigate the effectiveness of each strengt...

Various types of FRP materials have been applied for structural strengthening of RC beams in various forms. When CFRP plates are used, a premature failure used to occur before enough strengthening effect appears. This is primarily due to the rip-off of CFRP Plate attached on RC beams. Despite of numerous studies on the rip-off failure of externally...

Rod-type fiber reinforced polymer plastics(FRPs) similar to reinforcing steel bars have rarely been considered. In this study, an experiment was performed using beams strengthened with rod-type CFRPs and high-strength mortar overlay. The test results show that the strengthened beams not only had improved endurance limits but also improved load carr...

This paper proposes an analytical method to predict the punching shear strength of bridge decks that are strengthened using external bonding techniques. Since the steel reinforcement affects the punching strength of a bridge deck, the deck will have a mechanical effect on the strengthening material. The strengthening procedure will increase the eff...

The deterioration of concrete bridge decks that have been directly damaged by traffic loads affects their durability, safety, and function. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the damaged concrete structures. Even though there have been many experiments performed to investigate the static behavior of strengthened structures, few experiments or...

Although strengthened concrete members with Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic (FRP) are well-known to improve both strength and stiffness of constructions, relatively little is known about their premature failure, and specially, the development of interface debonding when flexural macro cracks at the mid-point of a strengthened beam reach a critical...

Basalt fibers are from basalt rocks through melting process. The basalt rocks can be so finely divided into small particles that it is possible to produce into a form of fibers. In addition, the basalt fibers do not contain any other additives in a single producing process so that also we cost effective than other fibers. The objective of this expe...

Under the ultimate internal pressure the nuclear reactor containment vessel represents the non-symmetrical and the non-linear behavior, since the structure has the non-symmetric factors such as buttresses, large penetrations and tendon layout in the dome. These non-symmetric factors may affect the ultimate pressure capability of the prestressed con...

The crack that occurred in bottom slab of precast segmental bridge is investigated through construction sequences analysis and caused by excessive deformation at temporary post-tensioning for joining the segments in this study. Also parametric study is performed to evaluate the effect of the thickness of bottom slab, order and position of prestress...

This paper deals with an enhanced structural capacity of reinforced concrete bridge deck strengthened with carbon fiber rod (CFR) which is subjected to monotonic and cyclic loads. Strengthening variables considered in this test were evenly and unevenly strengthening type. To evaluate strengthening capacity for these two strengthening types, load-ca...

Concrete bridge decks supported by main girders develop initial cracks in the longitudinal or transverse direction by applied loads. Therefore, it is important to consider the crack patterns and deflections if such decks are to be strengthened. This study investigated the effectiveness of strengthening using carbon fiber sheets. The experimental va...

Although the strengthening effect of deteriorated concrete bridge decks has been studied by various authors, most researches are focused on the experimental works on the pulsating loading in laboratory in spite of deterioration of deck caused by moving vehicle loads. In this research, a theoretical live load model that was proposed to reflect an ef...

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interface debonding of RC beams strengthened by carbon fiber sheet(CFS). The behavior of damaged RC beams strengthened with CFS is analytically investigated next using linear elastic fracture mechanics(LEFM) approach and the finite element method. The study includes an investigation of the separation mode...

The purpose of this study is to analyze effects of design parameters on nonlinear flexural behavior of long-span prestressed concrete bridge I-girder (PSC I-girder). In this study, a nonlinear layered model which can consider nonlinear material properties of high strength concrete, rebar, and PS tendon is developed using the strain compatibility me...

In the case of RC beams strengthened with plates, the beams which have variables such as material type, strengthening length and thickness, happen to collapse before reaching the design expected failure load. Comprehensive experimental works related to the premature failure have been performed but the results are not sufficient yet. The purpose of...