Jonathan Kanter

• Professor (Associate) at University of Washington

The Cultural Cognitions and Actions Scale (CCAS) is an established self-report measure of White individuals’ microaggressive likelihood against Black people consisting of four subscales: Negative Attitudes, Colorblindness, Objectifying, and Avoidance. To replicate and address limitations of previous studies, the current study sought to validate the...

Objectives Based on the Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT), mindfulness interventions influence psychological wellbeing in two ways: (a) monitoring increases emotional responses (intensifies both positive and negative affect), while (b) acceptance must interact with monitoring to attenuate negative emotions and enhance positive emotions. Yet, cros...

Evidence suggests that loneliness causes people to feel more depressed. It is unknown, however, why this association occurs and whether momentary versus chronic experiences of loneliness are implicated. Theoretical accounts suggest that momentary feelings of loneliness produce two competing motivations: social reaffiliation and social withdrawal. S...

Different studies have documented the importance of interpersonal factors in the genesis of psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD), highlighting the impact of traumatic relational experiences at an early age (e.g., Fernández-León et al., Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124587, 2020). Under this framework, differ...

A Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP) fornece uma análise comportamental da relação terapêutica que aplica dados de pesquisa básica ao contexto de psicoterapia. Especificamente, a FAP sugere que o responder contingente do terapeuta in vivo (i.e. na sessão) aos comportamentos alvo do cliente, especialmente reforçando positivamente seus comportame...

Tradução de: Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Made Simple: A Practical Guide to Therapeutic Relationships. ISBN 978-65-5571-088-5. Gareth Holman ... [et al.]; tradução de Alan Souza Aranha ... [et al.] ; revisores técnicos Priscila Rolim de Moura ... [et al.]. — Novo Hamburgo : Sinopsys Editora, 2022.

In efforts to decrease psychological distress, psychotherapy frequently focuses on a client's intimate relationships and connectedness with others. One contextual-behavioral approach, Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), aims to do so by employing the therapeutic relationship to shape improvements in the clients' in-session interpersonal behavi...

Background Concerns about the possible effects of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted several gaps in our knowledge about the association between social interactions and mental health. The current study aimed to characterize the unique effect of social interaction quantity and quality on daily depressed mood and loneliness an...

In efforts to decrease psychological distress, psychotherapy frequently focuses on a client's intimate relationships and connectedness with others. One contextual-behavioral approach, Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), aims to do so by employing the therapeutic relationship to shape improvements in the clients' in-session interpersonal behavi...

Resumo: O uso de comportamentos-alvos idiograficamente definidos tem dificultado a participação da Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP) no desenvolvimento de um modelo reticulado de tratamento. Uma maneira de resolver esta limitação é oferecer um conjunto padrão de alvos clínicos previsíveis para a FAP. O presente estudo detalha um método de iden...

Desde los primeros años de su desarrollo, la psicoterapia analítico-funcional (PAF) ha sido apreciada por su innovación clínica y su poder de transformación con clientes con todo tipo de problemáticas. Basándose en los fundamentos de sus anteriores volúmenes sobre esta versátil terapia, los editores de La práctica de la psicoterapia analítico-funci...

Desde los primeros años de su desarrollo, la psicoterapia analítico-funcional (PAF) ha sido apreciada por su innovación clínica y su poder de transformación con clientes con todo tipo de problemáticas. Basándose en los fundamentos de sus anteriores volúmenes sobre esta versátil terapia, los editores de La práctica de la psicoterapia analítico-funci...

Desde los primeros años de su desarrollo, la psicoterapia analítico-funcional (PAF) ha sido apreciada por su innovación clínica y su poder de transformación con clientes con todo tipo de problemáticas. Basándose en los fundamentos de sus anteriores volúmenes sobre esta versátil terapia, los editores de La práctica de la psicoterapia analítico-funci...

Desde los primeros años de su desarrollo, la psicoterapia analítico-funcional (PAF) ha sido apreciada por su innovación clínica y su poder de transformación con clientes con todo tipo de problemáticas. Basándose en los fundamentos de sus anteriores volúmenes sobre esta versátil terapia, los editores de La práctica de la psicoterapia analítico-funci...

Introduction: Effective, scalable interventions to address depression and loneliness and improve the quality of social relationships are needed for public health in pandemic and non-pandemic contexts. Towards this end, a randomized, controlled trial tested a mobile-based intervention, derived from social psychological and relationship science, for...

Efforts to integrate cultural competence and evidence-based treatments (EBTs) typically take the form of cultural adaptations of EBTs, characterized by modifications to the existing treatment based on presumed cultural notions of a given race or ethnic group. Much less attention has been given to ways EBTs can integrate a process model of cultural...

Background Pierce’s (The Black seventies: an extending horizon book, 1970) conception of “subtle and stunning” daily racial offenses, or microaggressions, remains salient even 50 years after it was introduced. Microaggressions were defined further by Sue and colleagues (Am Psychol 62:271, 2007), and this construct has found growing utility as the d...

Intimate relationships matter for both human's physical and psychological health. Although many theories have been developed to study this topic, there is no consensus about the underlying processes in human relationships. The Interpersonal Process Model, which has well-established empirical support, aims to address the development of intimate rela...

Intimate relationships matter to health and happiness. However, the vast scope of relationship research and the abundance of precise micro-theories has presented obstacles to the development of integrative theories with contextual-behavioral foundations that are oriented towards application of findings in domains of public health significance. Deri...

Objectives: The present study examined the preliminary efficacy of an ultra-brief cognitive defusion intervention, compared to a positive self-affirmation intervention, on moderate subclinical Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA). Method: Sixty-three participants (M=25.70 yrs, SD=9.48) first completed a questionnaire assessing PSA symptomology and were th...

Previous research on microaggressions has emphasized the frequency of and distress produced by microaggressions as reported by people of color. The current research supplements the existing literature by developing a self-report measure of White individuals’ microaggressive likelihood against Black people, the Cultural Cognitions and Actions Scale...

The predominant model of burnout posits three dimensions: emotional exhustion (EE), depersonalization (D), and (a lack of) personal accomplishment (PA). To date, contextual behavioral approaches have explored the role of psychological flexibility within this model of burnout but has not focused on the role of interpersonal variables, such as sugges...

The interpersonal process model (IPM) suggests that closeness develops in relationships when two people reciprocally engage in vulnerable self-disclosure, respond to each other, and perceive each other’s responses as validating, understanding, and caring (responsive). Little is known about how fear-of-intimacy relates to this foundational intimacy...

Research has demonstrated a connection between microaggressions and decreased mental health across racial and ethnic groups. Microaggressions on college campuses can have a negative impact on students of color, which has led to a push for more microaggression-focused diversity trainings on college campuses. However, no training thus far has demonst...

Background: Racial bias in medical care is a significant public health issue, with increased focus on microaggressions and the quality of patient-provider interactions. Innovations in training interventions are needed to decrease microaggressions and improve provider communication and rapport with patients of color during medical encounters. Meth...

Purpose Humans are fundamentally social beings, and the relationships we form with others are crucial for our well-being. Research across a variety of domains has established the association between a variety of interpersonal factors and health outcomes, including quality-of-life. However, there is a need for a more integrative, holistic analysis o...

Another unarmed Black man has been killed by law enforcement. Another life is snuffed out. One more human being who died before his time. This is not a nameless, faceless person. This is real person, like my father, uncle, or son. These people who perished were a part of someone’s family. They were loved by someone, they had hopes and dreams.

Intimate relationships matter to health and happiness, and the field of relationship science is vast. However, the scope of the field and the abundance of precise micro-theories has presented obstacles to the development of integrative theories with contextual-behavioral science foundations that are oriented towards application of findings in domai...

Job burnout is a condition that interferes significantly with quality of life and is related to stressful working environments, organizational climate, and client outcomes. The introduction of burnout prevention and “Helping the Helper” programs may produce significant benefits with respect to this issue. In this study, we assessed a weekly online...

High quality relationships are essential to psychological health and well-being, and relational intimacy is a core feature of these relationships. Decades of research in relationship science have converged on a central model of intimacy wherein individuals develop close, trusting relationships with one another. Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FA...

As a clinician, you are well-aware of the urgent problem of racial disparities in mental health care today. People of color are far less likely to seek help for psychological concerns, and more likely to experience poor outcomes if they do receive treatment. Furthermore, it has become increasingly clear that simply teaching facts about cultural dif...

Racial conflict at universities across the nation has become the focus of academic concern and media attention, yet too often administrators and faculty do not understand the problems and have little insight as to how to approach solutions. Victims of racially hostile environments may experience diagnosable psychiatric symptoms including traumatiza...

Published in Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 5, 919-927. Prior research has demonstrated a clear relationship between experiences of racial microaggressions and various indicators of psychological unwellness. One concern with these findings is that the role of negative affectivity, considered a marker of neuroticism, has not been c...

Evidence suggests that racial microaggressions are real, common, and associated with significant psychological distress. Therapists must have a clear understanding of these experiences in order to understand, validate, and help process such experiences with their clients of color. Lacking this understanding, therapists may risk committing microaggr...

The US has never been more divided politically. Polarization is notable on majority-liberal college campuses where conservatives feel outnumbered and marginalized. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of a half-day workshop to decrease polarization and improve closeness between conservatives and liberals at a majority-liberal college campus...

In order to increase therapeutic impact by enhancing awareness of clients' nonverbal communications, this article operationalizes the therapeutic alliance as a Needs‐Satisfaction Process. The client's competence as a needs‐seeker and the therapist assisting with the client's expression and satiation of basic social needs are proposed as being key m...

Higher quality relationships enhance our emotional well-being, physical health, and life-span. This study describes a four-session intervention for increasing closeness in romantic and non-romantic dyads. Three key relational constructs – awareness, courage and love (ACL) – were targeted in a randomized control trial comparing ACL (n = 36) with an...

Objective: This article describes the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Antisemitism-Related Stress Inventory (ARSI), a multidimensional measure of the frequency and impact of antisemitic experiences of American Jews. As the first known attempt to measure antisemitism-related stress, the ARSI represents a novel contribution...

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a contextual–behavioral approach to psychotherapy and other behavioral health concerns that has progressively attracted attention from both researchers and clinicians. ACT’s psychological flexibility model relies on middle-level terms that, despite being less precise than behavioral principles, are seen as...

Depression presents a significant public health burden for Latinos in the United States. Behavioral Activation for Latinos (BAL) has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for depressed Latinos. BAL has been shown to more successfully engage and retain clients in treatment compared with treatment-as-usual (TAU) when measured as session attendanc...

La Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP), es una intervención que se basa en el análisis de la interacción terapéutica como si esta fuera un espejo de la manera en la que las personas interactúan consigo mismas, otras personas y su ambiente. FAP es una de las Terapias Conductuales de Tercera Generación de mayor crecimiento de los últimos años, y u...

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP; Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991) is a transdiagnostic approach to outpatient psychotherapy that presented guidelines to instantiate the behavioral principle of natural, social reinforcement applied to idiographic behavioral targets within a genuine and authentic psychotherapy relationship. We present the first compre...

The Refugee Health Screener-15 (RHS-15) is widely used in refugee populations, but the psychometric properties and clinical utility have not been evaluated in Cuban refugees and entrants. The current study explored results from the Spanish version of the RHS-15 in a sample of 53 Cuban entrants and refugees, and of these, 17.6% screened positive for...

Previous efforts to understand microaggressions have surveyed stigmatized group members’ experiences of receiving microaggressions. This report presents the first attempt to measure self-reported likelihood of delivering microaggressions rather than receiving microaggressions and to explore the association between the likelihood of delivering micro...

Mental health inpatient milieus have repeatedly been found to be associated with passivity, social disengagement, and low levels of interaction with staff. However, little is known about patients' experiences related to different ward activities. In the present study, we aimed to study the reports of activities and associated experiences of patient...

Functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) promotes client growth by shaping clients’ daily life problems that also show up in session with their therapists. FAP therapists create evocative contexts within therapy that afford clients the opportunity to practice, refine, and be reinforced for new, more adaptive behaviors which then can be generalized i...

Psychotherapies can be helpful in addressing the social disengagement that prevails in psychiatric inpatient settings. However, integration of psychological treatments into acute services is challenging. Behavioural activation is a well-established treatment with promising results from a variety of inpatient milieus. This article describes how beha...

Two common types of clinical errors, inadvertently reinforcing client problem behaviors or inadvertently punishing client improvements, are conceptualized from the viewpoint of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), a treatment that harnesses the power of the therapeutic relationship. Understanding the functions of client behaviors such as incess...

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is a contextual behavioral psychotherapy approach in which client behavior is shaped in the psychotherapy relationship and then generalized to out-of-session contexts. Efforts to train therapists in FAP have employed a parallel process, attempting to shape trainee behavior in an 8-week, live, online course in...

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is a behavior-analytic psychotherapy approach that shapes client behavior through application of behavioral principles in the therapeutic relationship. Two categories of in-session clinically relevant behavior (CRB) are recognized: CRB1 (problem behaviors) and CRB2 (improvements). The therapist watches for CR...

Background and objectives: Our understanding of how Behavioral Activation (BA) for depression works is limited. BA is theorized to lead to changes in depression through changes in activation. While distal support for activation as a mechanism has been obtained, more research is needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn. Research on mechani...

This article presents a quick guide of evidence-based approaches for behavioral activation (BA). BA is a structured, brief, psychotherapeutic approach that aims to increase engagement in activities that help individuals experience greater contact with response-contingent positive reinforcement in their lives and to solve life problems. The treatmen...

Previous research has shown the effect of the five rules of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) on target behaviors, but has not isolated the effects of FAP’s hypothesized mechanism of contingent responding with reinforcement to in-session behavior (Rule 3) from evoking the behavior (Rule 2). The current study demonstrates the effects of FAP on...

As the diversity of clients seeking mental health care services across the United States continues to grow, the need for culturally sensitive interventions is increasingly urgent. Discrimination associated with stigmatized minority status is associated with negative mental health outcomes and thus may require clinical attention. Unfortunately, many...

A therapeutic model of social connection derived from Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) that applies to both the client's outside-of-therapy relationships and the psychotherapeutic relationship is explored in two studies. The model integrates established behavioral principles with existing research on the reciprocal process of self-disclosure...

Learning theory provides a foundation for understanding and deriving treatment principles for impacting a spectrum of functional processes relevant to the construct of depression. While behavioral interventions have been commonplace in the cognitive behavioral tradition, most often conceptualized within a cognitive theoretical framework, recent yea...

Incorporating religious beliefs into mental health therapy is associated with positive treatment outcomes. However, evidence about faith-sensitive therapies for minority religious groups is limited. Behavioural Activation (BA), an effective psychological therapy for depression emphasising client values, was adapted for Muslim patients using a robus...

A brief, group mindfulness intervention targeting both state mindfulness and social connectedness was developed based on Functional Analytic Psychotherapy's model of awareness, courage, and love. A total of 114 college students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) a nature video control, (2) a traditional intrapersonal mindfulness...

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is a contextual behavioral approach that uses general principles of behaviorism to improve therapy outcomes. Principles of reinforcement are used to shape the client's behavior in session, strategically reinforcing improvements in the therapeutic relationship. These improvements should extend to the client's...

The present study employed a multiple baseline study design with repeated measures to explore clinical outcomes, therapy mechanisms, and feasibility of Behavioral Activation for persons admitted to inpatient psychiatry.Methods Six adult inpatients with depressive symptoms and different psychiatric disorders were randomized to different lengths of b...

Depression presents a significant public health burden for Latinos, the largest and fastest growing minority group in the United States. The current study performed a randomized controlled trial of Behavioral Activation (BA) for Latinos (BAL, n = 21), with relatively minor modifications, compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU, n = 22) in a community m...

Background: Functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) is a contextual behavior therapy that targets idiographic behaviors relevant to interpersonal functioning. FAP often targets issues with intimacy, defined as behavior exchanges that are vulnerable to interpersonal punishment. While existing measures examine similar constructs to FAP’s conceptualiz...

Anecdotal reports of increased stigma toward mental illness among Orthodox Jews seems to conflict with an existing literature describing less stigmatization toward depression among Jewish individuals. This online survey study investigated stigma toward depression and treatment preference among Orthodox and non-Orthodox Jews (N = 391). All participa...

Gaps in the continuity of care between acute inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services are common and potentially detrimental for service users. In this paper we provide the rationale for and description of a 12-session behavioral activation intervention for acute inpatients with depression and comorbid psychiatric disorders. The intervention w...

This article explores some tensions between contextual behavioral science (CBS) and radical behaviorism or behavior analysis (BA)j, particularly with respect to the study of emotion. We contrast Darrow and Follette's (this issue) discussion of alexithymia from a radical behavioral perspective, which we view as representing a traditional behavior an...

A protective association between spirituality and depression is wellestablished, but the processes driving this association, as well as its clinical implications, remain unclear. We postulate that one mechanism driving this relationship is frequency of spiritual behaviors, and propose framing this process in the context of value-driven behavioral a...

Hayes and colleagues (2013--this issue) argue that empirical clinical psychology is hampered in its efforts to alleviate human suffering and present contextual behavioral science (CBS) to address the basic philosophical, theoretical and methodological shortcomings of the field. CBS represents a host of good ideas but at times the promise of CBS is...

Despite reports documenting adverse effects of stress on police marriages, few empirical studies focus on actual emotional behaviors of officers and spouses. In this preliminary investigation, 17 male police officers and their nonpolice wives completed daily stress diaries for 1 week and then participated in a laboratory-based discussion about thei...

The current study reports on two sequential studies that developed and provided a pilot evaluation of a Behavioral Activation (BA) training package based on an online, modular, active learning model for community mental health providers. In the first study, training outcomes were assessed with a within-subjects design by measuring trainees' (N = 8)...

Basic behavioral principles (e.g., reinforcement) are compelling candidates for research isolating and evaluating psychotherapy mechanisms of change in contextual behavioral science. Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is a contextual behavioral treatment approach that teaches therapists to employ behavioral principles, including the evocation...

Therapists of many persuasions emphasize the therapy relationship in their work, a priority backed by strong empirical evidence. Training in how to maximize the power and potential of the therapy relationship, however, has lagged behind. A novel approach to using the therapy relationship and to training therapists in its use is provided by Function...

Background Self-stigmatizing women who avoid seeking treatment for depression could believe that they have pragmatic personal reasons for their decision. As a preliminary step towards testing this hypothesis, the aim of this study was to assess diverse, low-income working women for shared self-stigmatizing beliefs about depression. Methods Depress...

Behavioural activation holds promise to reduce the global burden of depression as a treatment approach that is effective, easy to teach, scalable and acceptable to providers and patients across settings and cultures. This editorial reviews the history of behavioural activation, what it is, current evidence for its use and future directions.

Behavioral activation (BA) is a treatment for depression that has significant empirical support. In this chapter, the authors present the behavioral model underlying BA and discuss its consistency with traditional cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as well as the ways in which it is similar to "third wave" behavior therapies. The authors conclude tha...

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), a therapy based on radical behaviorism, establishes the priority of the therapeutic interaction as a mechanism of change in psychotherapy. Since the first book on FAP appeared in 1991, it has been the focus of many papers and has been incorporated by the community of behavior therapists. This paper is a revi...

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is emerging as an effective psychotherapy for psychiatric clinical cases. However, there is little research demonstrating the process of change of FAP. The present study evaluated the introduction and withdrawal of FAP interventions on therapy-interfering verbal behaviors of two participants who were in thera...

This paper aimed to highlight the process of therapist direct contingent responding to shape client behavior in two Child Behavior Analytic Therapy (CBAT) cases using transitional probabilities. The Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Rating Scale (FAPRS) was used to code client behaviors and the Multidimensional System for Coding Behaviors in Therap...

Following a landmark component analysis of cognitive therapy by Jacobson and colleagues (1996), there has been renewed interest in behavioral activation (BA) treatments for depression. The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) was developed to measure when and how clients become activated over the course of BA treatment. Multiple studie...

Functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) provides a behavioral analysis of the psychotherapy relationship that directly applies basic research findings to outpatient psychotherapy settings. Specifically, FAP suggests that a therapist's in vivo (i.e., in-session) contingent responding to targeted client behaviors, particularly positive reinforcement...

The objective of this study is to investigate specific characteristics that may affect the psychological treatment retention of Latinos diagnosed with depression in a community mental health clinic that provides culturally responsive services. Thirty-six Latino clients participated in the pilot study. Descriptive statistics were generated on accult...

The Milwaukee Psychotherapy Expectations Questionnaire (MPEQ) was developed to measure clients' expectations about the components and effects of therapy. Items were generated rationally based upon the theoretical literature and existing expectancy measures. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a 2-factor solution, comprised of Process Expectatio...

IntroductionTheoretical ConsiderationsGeneral Principles of Behavioral ActivationAssessment in Behavioral ActivationThe Therapy Relationship in Behavioral ActivationThe Structure of Behavioral ActivationProviding a Rationale in Behavioral ActivationAssessment: Obtaining Information to Guide Activity SchedulingActivity SchedulingReviewing HomeworkAd...

Behavioral activation has emerged as a widely used treatment for depression in a number of health care settings due to its concrete, straightforward emphasis on out-of-session client homework, but it lacks explicit guidelines for identifying and overcoming barriers that interfere with homework completion. The purpose of this pilot study was to asse...

The current article reports two experiments designed to examine the effects of creating competing approach and avoidance response func-tions for 2 stimuli that participate in the same derived stimulus rela-tion. Experiment 1 involved establishing each of 2 distinct members (i.e., B1 and D1) of the same 1-node equivalence relation (A-B-C-D) as a dis...

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that Depression affects about 121 million individuals a year, and fewer than 25% of those people have means to effective treatments. A key issue is that empirically supported treatments exist but therapists are not trained in them due to various obstacles and limitations of traditional training formats. Ne...

Members of the Orthodox Jewish culture (OJC) reportedly underutilize mental health services and have elevated risk of treatment drop-out (Loewenthal, 2006; Rosen et al., 2007). This may be due to elevated stigma toward mental illness and treatment-seeking (Loewenthal & Rogers, 2004; Rosen et al., 2007; Schnall, 2006) and general distrust and avoida...

Behavioral activation (Martell, Addis, & Jacobson, 2001) is a psychotherapy approach to treating depression that specifically targets decreasing client avoidance of internal, aversive events in the service of increasing overall activity levels in relevant life areas. The 25-item Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS; Kanter, Mulick, Busc...

Empirical evidence supports cognitive -behavioral interventions for the treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), with exposure therapy typically being the most frequently utilized. While the success of exposure treatments is well established there are factors which may hinder their use in “real-world” settings (e.g., poor treatment complianc...

One out of six individuals will experience depression during their lifetimes, yet the majority of these individuals will not seek treatment, and this problem is even larger for African Americans, for whom multiple barriers to mental health treatment seeking exist. One widely recognized factor that negatively impacts treatment seeking is stigma. Eff...

The purpose of this book is to bring together, in a single volume, the diverse contributions and ideas of FAP researchers and clinicians working with a wide variety of populations, across a wide variety of settings, and using interventions associated with other therapeutic systems/orientations. As such, many chapters assume some familiarity with FA...

Depression is at the same time extremely common and extremely serious. In fact, depression is one of the most frequent presenting problems in outpatient psychotherapy, was listed as the single most burdensome disease in the world by the World Health Organization (Murray & Lopez, 1996 ), creates significant economic costs at the societal level, and...

This chapter is intended to help practicing cognitive behavior therapists make their treatment more intense, interpersonalinterpersonal, and impactful for both therapists and clients by incorporating the methods of functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP; Kohlenberg & Tsai,Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991; TsaiTsai et al., 2008). Our approach is user friendl...