Jonathan Craig

Flinders University · College of Medicine and Public Health

Background: IgA vasculitis (IgAV), previously known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is the most common vasculitis of childhood but may also occur in adults. This small vessel vasculitis is characterised by palpable purpura, abdominal pain, arthritis or arthralgia and kidney involvement. This is an update of a review first published in 2009 and update...

Background: Self-monitoring of blood pressure is a key strategy in managing hypertension but may be challenging and burdensome for patients. The aim of the study was to describe the perspectives and experiences of self-monitoring of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL were searched from databa...

Background: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are commonly used to treat anaemia in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, their use has been associated with cardiovascular events. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2014. Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of ESAs (epoetin alfa, epoetin beta,...

Background: Cancer incidence and mortality may change with varying kidney allograft function and after graft loss. We aimed to quantify cancer incidence and mortality during periods with a functioning graft and after graft loss. Methods: We included all adult Australians aged 20 and above who commenced kidney replacement therapy between 1982 and...

Description: The KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease is an update of the 2020 guideline from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Methods: The KDIGO Work Group updated the guideline, which included reviewing and grading new evidence that was identified and summarized. As in the p...

Unlabelled: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. Trial evidence to improve cardiovascular outcomes is limited by inconsistent reporting of outcomes, which may also lack patient-relevance. This study aimed to assess the range and consistency of cardiovascular outcomes reported by contem...

Background A functioning vascular access (VA) is crucial to providing adequate hemodialysis (HD) and considered a critically important outcome by patients and healthcare professionals. A validated, patient-important outcome measure for VA function that can be easily measured in research and practice to harvest reliable and relevant evidence for inf...

Background Cancer is an important outcome in kidney transplantation, but the scope and consistency of how cancer is defined and reported in trials involving kidney transplant recipients has not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the range and variability of cancer outcomes in trials involving kidney transplant recipients. Methods The Clini...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common and potentially serious infection among children. This chapter reviews the epidemiology of UTIs among children, presentation and treatment of acute infection, risk factors and approaches to managing recurrent infection, the role of diagnostic imaging, and long‐term outcomes. Most infections are caused by...

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a well‐established form of renal replacement therapy for patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), which accounts for 11% of dialysis therapy for patients with ESKD worldwide. This chapter discusses the evidence for supporting practices in the prevention and treatment of PD related infections, particularly focus on...

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) has several advantages over hemodialysis, including preservation of vasculature for future dialysis access, an initial survival advantage, cost effectiveness, and preservation of residual renal function. This chapter summarizes the evidence to date regarding the definition, prevalence, and outcomes of urgent‐start PD. A bar...

Chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) is commonly encountered in the later stages of chronic kidney failure (CKD). A range of treatments are used to correct the metabolic abnormalities observed with CKD‐MBD. This chapter examines the evidence for management of CKD‐MBD in adults, including transplant‐related bone disease. The he...

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a well‐established form of kidney replacement therapy, with possible early survival advantage as compared to hemodialysis. This chapter summarizes the published studies available for neutral pH, low glucose degradation product solution, icodextrin, or amino acid‐based solutions in the treatment of peritoneal dialysis and...

Background Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) require multidisciplinary care to meet their complex healthcare needs. Patient navigators are trained non-medical personnel who assist patients and caregivers to overcome barriers to accessing health services through care coordination. This trial aims to determine the effectiveness of a patient...

In this multi-center longitudinal cohort study conducted in Australia and New Zealand, we assessed the trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. A total of 377 children (aged 6-18 years) with CKD stages 1-5 (pre-dialysis), dialysis, or transplant, were followed biennially for fou...

Background This update summarises key changes made to the protocol since the publication of the original protocol for the NAVKIDS² trial of patient navigators for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experiencing social disadvantage and provides the statistical analysis plan (SAP) which has not previously been published. Methods/design The o...

Dietary phosphorus restrictions are usually recommended for people on haemodialysis, although its impact on patient-relevant outcomes is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the association between total phosphorus intake and its sources with mortality in haemodialysis. Phosphorus intake was ascertained within the DIET-HD study in 8110 adults on haemodi...

Background: Solid organ transplantation has seen improvements in both surgical techniques and immunosuppression, achieving prolonged survival. Essential to graft acceptance and post-transplant recovery, immunosuppressive medications are often accompanied by a high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and side effects. Apart from GI side ef...

Aims: People who live in rural areas have reduced access to appropriate and timely healthcare, leading to poorer health outcomes than their metropolitan-based counterparts. The aims of the workshops were to ascertain participants perspectives on barriers to access to dialysis and transplantation, to identify and prioritize the roles of a rural pat...

Background: Anaemia occurs in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is more prevalent with lower levels of kidney function. Anaemia in CKD is associated with death related to cardiovascular (CV) disease and infection. Established treatments include erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), iron supplementation and blood transfusions. Oral hypoxia-induc...

Background: The lack of evidence on the priorities of carers and their Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children undermines decisions to improve participant experiences and engagement. Aims: This study describes carer and staff perspectives on the aspects of health services delivery that are important to carers and children. Methods: Nine...

Patient involvement in clinical trial design can facilitate the recruitment and retention of participants as well as potentially increase the uptake of the tested intervention and the impact of the findings on patient outcomes. Despite these benefits, patients still have very limited involvement in designing and conducting trials in nephrology. Man...

Background Life participation is an outcome of critical importance to patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, there is no widely accepted or validated tool for measuring life participation in patients receiving PD. Methods Online consensus workshop to identify the essential characteristics of life participation as a core outcome, wit...

Background. The expansion of donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) programs and unmet demands for kidney transplantation indicate that there is a need to improve the efficiency and utilization of these organs. Methods. We studied all DCDD donors retrieved for kidney transplantation in Australia between 2014 and 2019 and determine...

Introduction Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis is one of the leading causes of discontinuation of PD and is considered a critically important outcome for patients on PD. However, there is no universally accepted method of measuring this outcome in clinical trials. Methods We convened an online consensus workshop to establish a core outc...

Background and objectives: Valuing children's health states for use in economic evaluations is globally relevant and is of particular relevance in jurisdictions where a cost-utility analysis is the preferred form of analysis for decision making. Despite this, the challenges with valuing child health mean that there are many remaining questions for...

Background: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) generally have worse educational and psychosocial outcomes compared with their healthy peers. This can impair their ability to manage their treatment, which in turn can have long-term health consequences through to adulthood. We attempted to capture the experiences of children with CKD and to...

Background: Infections are a common complication following kidney transplantation, but are reported inconsistently in clinical trials. This study aimed to identify the infection outcomes of highest priority for patients/caregivers and health professionals to inform a core outcome set to be reported in all kidney transplant clinical trials. Method...

Screening for polyomavirus infection after kidney transplantation is recommended by clinical practice guidelines, but cost-effectiveness of this strategy is uncertain. The aim of this study was to estimate the incremental costs and benefits of routine screening for polyomavirus infection compared with no screening in kidney transplant recipients....

Background Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with lower academic achievement; however, this relationship is understudied in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study examined the relationship between SES and academic performance in children and adolescents with CKD. Methods A total of 377 participants aged 6–18 years with...

Background Few data exist on the cognitive and academic functioning of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) over the trajectory of their illness. We aimed to determine the association between CKD stages and cognitive and academic performance in children over time. Methods We included 53 participants (aged 6–18 years) with CKD stages 1–5 ( n...

What is the issue?People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of heart disease that can block the blood supply to the heart or brain causing a heart attack or stroke. Drugs that prevent blood clots from forming (antiplatelet agents) can prevent deaths caused by clots in arteries in the general adult population. However, there ma...

Background and objectives Although patient and caregiver involvement in research is widely advocated to improve the relevance and uptake of study findings, barriers and uncertainties in achieving this goal remain. This study aimed to describe patient and caregiver experiences and perspectives of their previous involvement in research, to inform str...

Rationale and objective Clinical decision making priorities among children, and their parents and clinicians may differ. This study sought to describe clinicians’ perspectives on shared decision-making in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) and identify opportunities to improve shared decision-making and care for children with CKD and their fami...

Background: Dialysis treatments weigh heavily on patients' physical and psychosocial health. Multiple studies have assessed the potential for exercise training to improve outcomes in adults undergoing dialysis. However, uncertainties exist in its relevance and sustainable benefits for patient-important outcomes. This is an update of a review first...

Background The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has seen a global surge in anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and stress. Aims This study aimed to describe the perspectives of patients with COVID-19, their family, health professionals, and the general public on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. Methods A secondary t...

Background and objectives Outcomes reported in trials in adults with glomerular disease are often selected with minimal patient input, are heterogeneous, and may not be relevant for clinical decision making. The Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology–Glomerular Disease (SONG-GD) initiative aimed to establish a core outcome set to help ensure that outc...

Background Despite an increased cancer risk for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), uptake of cancer screening varies due to competing priorities and complex health-related issues. This study aimed to elicit the preferences and important attributes of cancer screening in patients with CKD. Methods An on-line best-worst scaling survey was u...

OBJECTIVES Daytime urinary incontinence is disabling and occurs in 17% of school-aged children. Timed-voiding is part of standard therapy. Can an alarm watch to aid timed-voiding improve treatment response to standard therapy? METHODS The WATCH (Watch with Alarm for Timed-Voiding in Children) study is a randomized controlled trial. Participants we...

Background and objectives Dietary potassium restriction in people receiving maintenance hemodialysis is standard practice and is recommended in guidelines, despite a lack of evidence. We aimed to assess the association between dietary potassium intake and mortality and whether hyperkalemia mediates this association. Design, setting, participants,...

Introduction This study aimed to describe the perspectives of patients from rural communities on access to all forms of kidney replacement therapy to inform strategies to address such inequity. Methods Semi structured interviews were conducted. Transcripts were thematically analysed. Results 28 participants, 14 (50%) were female and 5 (17%) ident...

Introduction Patients with glomerular disease experience symptoms that impair their physical and mental health while managing their treatments, diet, appointments and monitoring general and specific indicators of health and their illness. We sought to describe the perspectives of patients and their care partners on self-management in glomerular dis...

Background The impact of research findings on clinical practice usually remains uncertain and unmeasured. To address this problem, we examined the long term clinical and economic impact of the Initiating Dialysis Early and Late (IDEAL) study, using data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry. Methods We perfo...

Background Globally, over 1.2 million people die from chronic kidney disease (CKD) every year. Patients with CKD are up to 10 times more likely to die prematurely than progress to kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy. The burden of symptoms and impaired quality of life in CKD may be compounded by comorbidities and treatment side effe...

Purpose of Review To summarize and explain the new guideline on blood pressure (BP) management in chronic kidney disease (CKD) published by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), an independent global nonprofit organization which develops and implements evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in kidney disease. KDIGO issued its firs...

Objectives We aimed to assess patient preferences for the characteristics and outcomes of biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs to manage psoriatic arthritis. Methods We conducted a discrete choice experiment in patients with psoriatic arthritis from three rheumatology centers in Sydney, Australia. We assessed preferences for different attributes...

Introduction Regular physical activity is associated with longevity in adults receiving hemodialysis, but it is uncertain whether this association varies by causal pathways (cardiovascular and noncardiovascular). Methods DIET-HD was a prospective, multinational study of adults undergoing hemodialysis across Europe and Argentina. We classified part...

Rationale & objective: A healthy lifestyle promotes cardiovascular health and reduces cardiac-related mortality in the general population but its benefits for people receiving maintenance hemodialysis are uncertain. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Setting & participants: 5,483 of 9,757 consecutive adults receiving maintenance hemodialy...

Rationale & Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately affects people with chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 in people with CKD. Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed through February 2021. Setting & St...

Rationale and objective The risk of developing colorectal cancer in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is twice that of the general population, but the factors associated with colorectal cancer are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with advanced colorectal neoplasia in patients with CKD. Study Desi...

Importance: Transgender and nonbinary youths have a higher incidence of a range of health conditions and may paradoxically face limited access to health care. Objective: To describe the perspectives and needs of transgender youths in accessing health care. Evidence review: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Alli...

Background: Patients receiving dialysis have low employment rates, which compounds poorer health and socioeconomic outcomes. Reasons for under- and unemployment remain underexplored. We aimed to describe the perspectives of patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) and their caregivers on ability to work. Methods: Data was...

Background Pain is the highest prioritized patient-reported outcome in people with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) but remains infrequently and inconsistently measured in clinical trials and poorly managed in clinical setting. A recently completed systematic review of pain in ADPKD identified 26 different outcome measures. None...

Introduction Decision-making regarding medications to manage psoriatic arthritis is complex because of multiple disease manifestations and comorbidities. Fear of side effects from systemic medications and misalignment in priorities between patients with psoriatic arthritis and rheumatologists makes shared decision-making challenging. We aimed to de...

Background There is little information available to inform the cost-effectiveness of eHealth interventions in improving patient health outcomes. A trial-based economic evaluation was undertaken in order to inform feasibility of conducting a mobile phone text messaging program targeting dietary behaviours in people receiving haemodialysis. Methods...

Description: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure (BP) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not receiving dialysis is an update of the KDIGO 2012 guideline on the same topic and reflects new evidence on the risks and benefits of BP-lowering therapy amon...

Background: Over 50% of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have uncontrolled hypertension, increasing their long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and progression to kidney failure. Children receiving medications or dialysis may also experience acute blood pressure fluctuations accompanied by debilitating symptoms. We aimed to describe t...

Background and Aims A healthy lifestyle promotes cardiovascular health and reduces cardiac-related mortality in the general population, but its benefits in patients treated with hemodialysis are uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of a modified American Heart Association (AHA) healthy lifestyle score, and its individual...

Pain is a common symptom in people with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), but it is assessed and reported inconsistently in research, and the validity of the measures remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics, content, and psychometric properties of measures for pain used in ADPKD. We conducted...

Outcomes relevant to treatment decision-making are inconsistently reported in trials involving glomerular disease. Here, we sought to establish a consensus-derived set of critically important outcomes designed to be reported in all future trials by using an online, international two-round Delphi survey in English. To develop this, patients with glo...

Objective: To describe how the Australian Government Department of Health policies address equity in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: We searched the websites of the Australian Government Department of Health, Kidney Health Australia, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet and the National Rural Health Alliance for policies...

Aim Dietary requirements for people on haemodialysis are complex and often poorly adhered to. Mobile phone text messaging offers a simple strategy to enhance current nutritional care. KIDNEYTEXT was a 6‐month pilot randomised controlled trial that evaluated the feasibility and impact of mobile phone text messages to alter participants' dietary beha...

Objective To assess the outcomes reported and measured in evaluations of complex health interventions in Indigenous communities. Data Sources We searched all publications indexed in MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, EconLit, and CINAHL until January 2020 and reference lists from included papers were hand‐searched for additional articles. Stu...

Background Evaluations of health interventions for Indigenous peoples rarely report outcomes that reflect participant and community perspectives of their experiences. Inclusion of such data may provide a fuller picture of the impact of health programmes and improve the usefulness of evaluation assessments. Aim To describe stakeholder perspectives...

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease for patients not receiving dialysis represents an update to the KDIGO 2012 guideline on this topic. Development of this guideline update followed a rigorous process of evidence review and appraisal. G...

Background: Infection remains a leading cause of death in kidney transplant recipients. This study aimed to assess the scope and consistency of infection outcomes reported in contemporary trials conducted in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: A literature review of all randomized trials and trial protocols reporting infection outcomes in adu...

Background: Clinical practice guidelines of dietary management are designed to promote a balanced diet and maintain health in patients undergoing haemodialysis but they may not reflect patients' preferences. We aimed to investigate the consistency between the dietary intake of patients on maintenance haemodialysis and guideline recommendations. M...

Objectives: To identify and describe chronic disease prevention programs offered by Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods: ACCHSs were identified through the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of NSW website. Chronic disease programs were identified from the Facebook pag...

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who require urgent initiation of dialysis but without having a permanent dialysis access have traditionally commenced haemodialysis (HD) using a central venous catheter (CVC). However, several studies have reported that urgent initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a viable alternative opti...