Jonas Kley

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• Dr
• Professor (Full) at University of Göttingen

Continental rifts evolve along two possible paths. In one, a rift successfully evolves into seafloor spreading, leaving the rift structures buried beneath thick sedimentary and volcanic rocks at a passive continental margin. Alternatively, the rift fails and remains as a fossil feature within a continent. We consider insights into these processes f...

In this paper, a literature‐based compilation of the timing and history of salt tectonics in the Southern Permian Basin (Central Europe) is presented. The tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of the Southern Permian Basin is influenced by salt movement and the structural development of various types of salt structures. The compilation presented here was...

In this study, we investigate the age and geochemical variability of volcanic arc rocks found in the Chinese, Kyrgyz, and Tajik North Pamir in Central Asia. New geochemical and geochronological data together with compiled data from the literature give a holistic view of an early to mid-Carboniferous intraoceanic arc preserved in the northeastern Pa...

Plain Language Summary When tectonic plates collide, they bend downwards and form two lithospheric wedges dipping in opposite directions, such as in the Eastern Alps. We present new crustal cooling data along a transect in the Eastern Alps confirming that surface rocks across the central Tauern Window originated from the deepest structural levels a...

The constant increase of geodetic instrumentation over the past decades enables us to not only detect ever smaller tectonic signals but also to monitor their evolution in time and space. We present spatial and temporal slip variations observed on a fault affected by a large, intermediate‐field earthquake: the 2015 Mw7.2 Sarez, Central Pamir, earthq...

Convergent plate boundaries are key localities to understanding lithosphere deformation and the fate of the downgoing oceanic slab after continental collision. This study seeks to document the geochemical, geochronological, and thermochronological imprints of the Neotethys consumption and the potential post-Arabia-Eurasia collision slab breakoff. I...

Tectonic processes resulting from solid Earth dynamics control uplift and generate sediment accommodation space via subsidence. Unraveling the mechanism of basin subsidence elucidates the link between deep-Earth and surface processes. The NW Zagros fold–thrust belt resulted from the Cenozoic convergence and subsequent collision between the Arabian...

Kurzfassung Dieses Themenheft umfasst sechs Artikel, die sich mit dem Oligozän in Mitteldeutschland beschäftigen. Arnold Müller, der Hauptautor dieses Heftes, und seine Ko-Autoren stellen damit den Kenntnisstand zum Oligozän in Mitteldeutschland und ihre Interpretationen zusammenfassend dar. Leider verstarb Arnold Müller vor der endgültigen Fertig...

Before the rise of the Northern Andes in Cenozoic time, Triassic to Jurassic extensional basins in northwestern South America accommodated predominantly continental strata partly intercalated with volcanic rocks. Coeval plutonism is attributed to a magmatic arc related to the subduction of the Farallon plate beneath South America. The basins later...

Hot springs in various granitoid and gneissic complexes in northern Pakistan indicate elevated geothermal gradients, which warrants their evaluation for geothermal applications. Evaluation of such prospects requires extensive knowledge of rock properties and their interaction with reservoir fluids. Our contribution provides first-order information...

Deep earth geodynamic processes shape surface geology, topography, and the earth's crust evolution with consequences on erosion, deposition, climate, and biogeography. This research investigates the early-stage growth of the NW Zagros belt in the Kurdistan region of Iraq after the early Oligocene Arabia-Eurasia collision and the geologic signatures...

Hot springs in the granitoid and gneissic complexes of the Himalaya-Karakoram orogenic belt indicate subsurface geothermal potential, which could help meet energy demand in this region with topographic and climatic extremities. However, challenging terrain and limited accessibility constrain extensive ground-based exploration. We have utilized sate...

Tectonic processes resulting from solid Earth dynamics control uplift and generate sediment accommodation space via subsidence. Unraveling the mechanism of basin subsidence elucidates the link between deep Earth and Surface processes. The NW Zagros fold-thrust belt results from the Cenozoic convergence and subsequent collision between the Arabian a...

Regional geology is an essential cornerstone in geosciences and combines concepts and data from multiple geological and other Earth science disciplines to study important geological features of a region and understand its history. The size and borders of each region are usually defined by distinct geological boundaries and by the occurrence of a sp...

The Himalaya, Kohistan, and Karakoram ranges comprise Proterozoic to Cenozoic crystalline complexes exposed in northern Pakistan. Numerous hot springs in the area indicate high subsurface temperatures, prompting a need to evaluate the local contribution of radiogenic heat to the general orogenic-related elevated geothermal gradients. The current st...

Abstract: Identifying regional structures in areas of limited exposure and sparse subsurface information can be challenging. Small-scale observations must be collected and combined to develop a stratigraphic-structural concept and eventually a sound regional geologic model. In this contribution, we review the local stratigraphic evidence for the Ei...

The eastern European Alps are shaped by the indentation of Adria into Europe. Recent tomography, depicting detached slab fragments, has been interpreted as evidence of continuous southward subduction of European lithosphere, contrary to an often‐invoked subduction polarity reversal. Orogen‐scale exhumation, driven by rock displacement along active...

The Permo-Triassic period marks the time interval between Hercynian (Variscan) orogenic events in the Tien Shan and the North Pamir, and the Cimmerian accretion of the Gondwana-derived Central and South Pamir to the southern margin of the Paleo-Asian continent. A well-preserved Permo-Triassic volcano-sedimentary sequence from the Chinese North Pami...

The Himalayan orogenic belt of North Pakistan exposes numerous and in part voluminous granitoid rocks enriched in radiogenic elements. Elevated surface heat flow evidenced by hot springs has been partly attributed to shallow radiogenic heat production in these rocks, as well as on the rapid exhumation and potentially frictional/strain heating. Our...

The western Himalaya-Karakoram region in northern Pakistan has such hydrothermal features as hot springs and alteration zones. The heat source for these features remains unclear, with suggested mechanisms including radiogenic heat production from minerals, frictional heating caused by shearing along faults, residual heat from Miocene plutonic intru...

The North Pamir, part of the western syntax of the India–Asia collision zone, preserves remnants of a poorly understood Paleozoic intra-oceanic subduction zone. To constrain the age of this ancient ocean floor, we analyzed calcite phases in vesicular basalt and basaltic volcanic breccia with U–Pb geochronology using laser ablation inductively coupl...

This chapter addresses the seismic interpretation of the La Cira Basement-high located in the central region of the Middle Magdalena Valley of Colombia. The La Cira Basement-high corresponds to a major basement anticline truncated by an early Eocene unconformity, which truncates successively younger units east and west of the anticlinal axis. The u...

The Late Cretaceous intraplate shortening event in central western Europe is associated with a number of marine basins of relatively high amplitude and short wavelength (2–3 km depth and 20–100 km width). In particular, the Harz Mountains, a basement uplift on a single, relatively steeply dipping basement thrust, have filled the adjacent Subhercyni...

We used recently published findings of temporal constraints for ocean floor alteration, to test if Paleozoic, oceanic basaltic rocks can be indirectly dated, by determining the age of that alteration process. Our target mineral was calcite, collected from a poorly dated volcanic arc complex in the North Pamir, Central Asia. We successfully linked m...

The Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic is known for its multiple inversion events, which affected Central Europe’s intracontinental sedimentary basins. Based on a 2D seismic profile network imaging the basin fill without gaps from the base Zechstein to the seafloor, we investigate the nature and impact of these inversion events on Zechstein salt structure...

A large part of Earth`s surface is built up by mafic oceanic crust. Recent studies have enhanced our knowledge of the geochemical processes affecting the upper most, basaltic portion, that is infiltrated by sea water. Coogan and Gillis [1] compiled radiometric age data of multiple alteration mineral phases from present day oceanic crust (recent to...

Central and western Europe were affected by a compressional tectonic event in the Late Cretaceous, caused by the convergence of Iberia and Europe. Basement uplifts, inverted graben structures, and newly formed marginal troughs are the main expressions of crustal shortening. Although the maximum activity occurred during a short period of time betwee...

Lens-shaped slivers of Permian (Zechstein) amid Triassic units appearing along the master fault of the Sontra Graben in central Germany on the southern margin of the Central European Basin System (CEBS) were studied by means of detailed map analysis, a semi-quantitative forward model, and two balanced cross sections. We show how partial reactivatio...

The ca. 35 km long, N-S-trending Altyn Darya valley in Kyrgyzstan exposes a nearly complete cross-section of the External Pamir thrust belt (EP), extending from the active Pamir Frontal Thrust in the north to the Main Pamir Thrust (MPT) and some distance into its hanging-wall. The EP comprises a northward imbricated stack of Carboniferous to Late N...

A lateral continuity between belts of mafic and ultramafic Paleozoic rocks found in the West Kunlun of Northern Tibet and comparable rocks, known from an outcrop in the Chinese North Pamir, has long been proposed. This led to the concept of an originally generally straight, E–W trending Oytag–Kudi suture zone. In turn, this paleogeographic model fo...

The Pamir forms the northwestern tail of the Tibetan plateau and is a first-order tectonic feature of the Cenozoic Indo-Eurasian collision. The nature of the topographic uplift and orogenic growth of the entire northwestern margin of the Pamir is poorly constrained; however, this history can provide important constraints that are required to test g...

We have created a new seismotectonic regionalization for Germany including a 200 km zone around its borders, based on a new concept which initially processes geological information separately from modern seismicity. The geological earthquake hazard of a region is estimated from past deformation, not the present one as represented by earthquakes. Th...

Large parts of central Europe experienced exhumation in Late Cretaceous to Paleogene time. Previous studies mainly focused on thrusted basement uplifts to unravel the magnitude, processes and timing of exhumation. This study provides, for the first time, a comprehensive thermochronological dataset from mostly Permo-Triassic strata exposed adjacent...

Thermochronology data is key for quantifying the exhumation history and dynamics of mountain belts. Here we present a new analytical solution for the steady-state exhumation of an orogenic wedge that undergoes transport along a basal detachment, uniform internal deformation, basal and frontal accretion. The solution predicts an increase in exhumati...

Session 19.1 Regional geology: a key for answering questions in geoscience At GEOKARLSRUHE 2021; Sustainable Earth – from processes to resources 19–23 September 2021 | Karlsruhe www.geokarlsruhe2021.de The extended deadline for Call for Abstracts is on 26 May 2021. Conveners: Guido Meinhold (Keele University, UK; g.meinhold@keele.ac.uk) Jan...

The Late Cretaceous, intraplate shortening event in Central Western Europe is associated with a number of marine basins of relatively high amplitude and short wavelength (2–3 km depth and 20–100 km width). In particular, the Harz Mountains, a basement uplift on a single, relatively steeply dipping, basement thrust, have filled the adjacent Subhercy...

Central Europe was affected by a compressional tectonic event in the Late Cretaceous, caused by the convergence of Iberia and Europe. Basement uplifts, inverted graben structures and newly formed marginal troughs are the main expressions of crustal shortening. Although the maximum activity occurred in a short period between 90 and 75 Ma, the exact...

Large parts of Central Europe have experienced exhumation in Late Cretaceous to Paleogene time. Previous studies mainly focused on thrusted basement uplifts to unravel magnitude, processes and timing of exhumation. This study provides, for the first time, a comprehensive thermochronological dataset from mostly Permo-Triassic strata exposed adjacent...

The Pamir orogen as a part of the Himalayan-Tibetan mountain belt, witnessed a long-lasting history of terrane accretion. Two Paleozoic to Mesozoic units were described from the North Pamir: (1) the volcano-sedimentary North Pamir-Kunlun domain and (2) the metamorphic Karakul-Mazar domain south of (1), representing a Permo-Triassic accretionary pri...

Lens-shaped slivers of Permian (Zechstein) amid Triassic units, appearing along the main boundary fault of the Sontra Graben in central Germany on the southern edge of the Central European Basin System (CEBS) were studied by means of detailed map analysis, a semi-quantitative forward model and two balanced cross-sections. We show how partial reacti...

The origin and intricate history of the River Nile are still widely disputed. Some studies have claimed that the present course of the Nile has formed at ~7-5 Ma, while others have suggested a much longer evolution. We proposed earlier that the southern and central segments of the River Nile in Egypt have originally evolved along a NW trending shor...

Seismotectonic regions are a basic input in seismic hazard assessment. Several seismotectonic regionalizations for Germany were proposed in the past. We are presently developing a new regionalization based on the definition in the Safety Standard of the Nuclear Safety Standards Commission KTA 2201.1 (2011-11): “A seismotectonic unit is a region for...

Rutile is frequently found in metamorphic and less commonly in igneous rocks, as well as sediments derived from the former rock types. It may contain enough U (typically up to ~100ppm) to be dated by U/Pb geochronology. In detrital studies, rutile U/Pb ages supplement zircon U/Pb data, as zircon age peaks often reflect magmatic activity, while ruti...

Seismotectonic regions are a basic input in seismic hazard assessment. Several seismotectonic regionalizations for Germany were proposed in the past. We are presently developing a new regionalization based on the definition in the Safety Standard of the Nuclear Safety Standards Commission KTA 2201.1 (2011-11): "A seismotectonic unit is a region for...

The Mesozoic to Cenozoic tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Southern Permian Basin (SPB, Central Europe) is strongly affected by the redistribution of Upper Permian salt. In particular, in the central part of the SPB highly elongated salt walls and adjacent syn-kinematic minibasins developed along three Mesozoic rift structures, namely the Cent...

The Eger Graben in the northwestern Czech Republic is considered part of the European Cenozoic Rift System and is therefore usually called Eger Rift. It exhibits a strongly uplifted NW shoulder, known as the Erzgebirge, and is associated with earthquake swarms, voluminous CO 2 outgassing and Quaternary mantle-derived volcanism. The main graben is d...

The (Cenozoic) River Nile is one of the major fluvial systems in the world. Since decades (the early 20th Century), the Egyptian Nile has been one of the well-known and studied parts of the River. It has attracted the attention of several interdisciplinary studies. Some workers have interpreted it as an erosional feature, while others believed in i...

The (Cenozoic) River Nile is one of the major fluvial systems in the world. Since decades (the early 20th Century), the Egyptian Nile has been one of the well-known and studied parts of the River. It has attracted the attention of several interdisciplinary studies. Some workers have interpreted it as an erosional feature, while others believed in i...

The (Cenozoic) River Nile is one of the major fluvial systems in the world. Since decades (the early 20th Century), the Egyptian Nile has been one of the well-known and studied parts of the River. It has attracted the attention of several interdisciplinary studies. Some workers have interpreted it as an erosional feature, while others believed in i...

The North Pamir is located between the Main Pamir thrust (MPT) in the north and the Tanymas suture zone in the south. It is traditionally subdivided into two paleogeographic domains: The North Pamir-Kunlun domain, dominated by non- to very low grade metamorphic clastic sediments and intercalated volcanic series and the Karakul Mazar domain, charact...

A detailed analysis of the Late Miocene Mandach Thrust, a key tectonic structure of the easternmost Jura Mountains (northern Alpine foreland), is presented providing insights into the modes of along-strike structural cover–basement interactions in a classical foreland setting. Our study builds on the construction, restoration and forward modelling...

The Eger Rift in the northwestern Czech Republic, bordering Germany, is considered part of the European Cenozoic Rift System. It exhibits a strongly uplifted NW shoulder (Erzgebirge, see below) and is associated with earthquake swarms, voluminous CO2 outgassing and Quaternary mantle-derived volcanism. The main graben is delineated by two faults: (1...

3D and 2D seismic data reveal the base-reflection of the Quaternary in the northwestern German North Sea locally at depths of more than 1000 m. This indicates extremely fast subsidence, with a rate of up to 480 m/Ma during the Quaternary, resulting in a NNW-SSE oriented sedimentary depocentre. Distinct iceberg scour marks, identified in 3D seismic...

The central German platform is an open laboratory for understanding the evolution of paleostress fields across a variety of reactivated pre-existing structures under different tectonic regimes, which change from subsidence in Jurassic to inversion in Late Cretaceous, and from rifting in Cenozoic to the present-day states of stress. Here, we address...

Fault systems in the Thuringian Basin and the Flechtingen-Calvörde Block of the central German platform show similarities in terms of fault orientation and kinematic mechanisms, that are mostly the result of thrust faulting during Late Cretaceous-Early Cenozoic inversion. Though fault and fracture patterns and their corresponding structural evoluti...

Salt flow induced by subsalt normal faulting is mainly controlled by tilting of the salt layer, the amount of differential loading due to syn-kinematic deposition, and tectonic shearing at the top or the base of the salt layer. Our study addresses the first two mechanisms and aims to examine salt flow patterns above a continuously moving subsalt no...

The tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Mesozoic to Cenozoic cover of the Southern Permian Basin (SPB) is strongly affected by the redistribution of Upper Permian salt and resulting formation of salt structures, such as diapirs and pillows, as well as rim synclines filled with syn-kinematic sediments. The timing of salt structure growth provides...

The study area is located in the central German platform a prominent structure of which is the Lichtenau Graben. The graben has a strike of c. N030 and continues towards the north into the similarly oriented Leinetal Graben. At their junction, both grabens interfere with the NW‑SE‑striking Eichenberg‑Gotha‑Saalfeld fault zone of the Thuringian Basi...

The Cenozoic kinematics of the Pamir orogen is a matter of ongoing debate. There are two end-member models: (1) The intracontinental subduction model, that requires a total amount of about 300 km shortening during Cenozoic times to explain the Asian slab imaged by geophysical methods (e.g. Burtman & Molnar, 1993; Li et al., 2018). (2) The delaminat...

Mesozoic extensional basins of the Southern Permian Basin (SPB) System became inverted from Late Cretaceous time onwards. Following a first Cretaceous 'Subhercynian' pulse of contractional deformation and basin uplift, several distinct inversion events of Cenozoic age were often described. The oldest of these is the 'Laramide' event of Paleocene ag...

Content Mineralized fractures in sedimentary rocks not only preserve valuable information on paleo-fluid composition, formation pressures, or temperatures and thus give insight into ore forming processes. They also provide information on paleo-stress fields that were responsible for fracture formation during basin evolution. In combination, these d...

The Eger Rift and Cheb basin in northwestern Bohemia are part of the European Cenozoic Rift System. They are associated with earthquake swarms, voluminous CO 2 outgassing and Quaternary mantle-derived volcanism. The Eger Graben, of which the Cheb basin is traditionally considered a subbasin, contains a Cenozoic volcano-sedimentary record no thicker...

The Eger Rift and Cheb basin in northwestern Bohemia are part of the European Cenozoic Rift System. They are associated with earthquake swarms, voluminous CO2 outgassing and Quaternary mantle-derived volcanism. The Eger Graben, of which the Cheb basin is traditionally considered a subbasin, contains a Cenozoic volcano-sedimentary record no thicker...

Even though Central Europe has been located within a plate interior since the end of the Variscan orogeny, its intracontinental basins and highs recorded a succession of different tectonic regimes throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which were coeval with events at distant plate margins. A long Triassic–Cretaceous period of weak subsidence with i...

Even though Central Europe has been located within a plate interior since the end of the Variscan orogeny, its intracontinental basins and highs recorded a succession of different tectonic regimes throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which were coeval with events at distant plate margins. A long Triassic–Cretaceous period of weak subsidence with i...

In extensional sedimentary basins, the movement of ductile salt is mainly controlled by the vertical displacement of the salt layer, differential loading due to syn-kinematic deposition, and tectonic shearing at the top and the base of the salt layer. During basement normal faulting, salt either tends to flow downward to the basin centre driven by...

The deformation of viscous salt is mainly controlled by tilting of the salt layer imposing an elevation-head gradient (EHG) and supra-salt differential sediment loading imposing a pressure-head gradient (PHG) in the salt layer. In this study, we address the dynamics of salt deformation in an extensional basin, i.e. sub-salt normal faulting and syn-...

The structural evolution of Central Europe reflects contrasting tectonic regimes after the Variscan orogeny during Mesozoic – Cenozoic time. The brittle deformation related to each tectonic regime is localized mainly along major fault zones, creating complex fracture patterns and kinematics through time with diverging interpretations on the number...

Deformation of the earth's lithosphere is strongly localized along plate margins in which the fracture kinematic indicators of each brittle tectonic event are often obliterated by younger events through strong deformation and large rotations that make directional information ambiguous. By contrast, more stable plate interiors are potentially better...

Structural restoration and balancing of basins influenced by halotectonics, multiphase rifting and structural inversion is not an easy task. The Central European Basin System (CEBS) comprises a number of such complexly structured basins, including the Broad Fourteens Basin, Mid-Polish Trough and Lower Saxony Basin (LSB). The LSB (Fig. 1) is a good...

The Midcontinent Rift has characteristics of a large igneous province, causing geologists to rethink some long-standing assumptions about how this giant feature formed.

A crucial constraint on the evolution of the ca. 1100 Ma Midcontinent Rift (MCR) in North America comes from the Jacobsville Sandstone, Bayfield Group, and other equivalent sedimentary rocks (JBE) that overlie the volcanics and sediments deposited in the MCR basin near Lake Superior. The MCR began extending ca. 1120 Ma and failed—ceased extending—a...

The formation of salt structures exerted a major influence on the evolution of subsidence and sedimentation patterns in the Glückstadt Graben, which is part of the Central European Basin System and comprises a post-Permian sediment thickness of up to 11 km. Driven by regional tectonics and differential loading, large salt diapirs, salt walls and sa...

Triangle zones represent typical structural elements of thin-skinned foreland fold-and-thrust belts. Here, we report the results of an in-depth structural analysis of a rather unusual triangle zone at the front of the easternmost Jura fold-and-thrust belt in the otherwise only very mildly deformed Alpine foreland of Northern Switzerland. The invest...

The structural geologic interpretation of reflection seismic data is affected by conceptual uncertainty, par- ticularly in challenging onshore settings. This uncertainty can be significantly reduced by the integration of cross- section restoration and balancing techniques into the seismic interpretation workflow. Moreover, these tech- niques define...

Germany has widespread intraplate structures of Mesozoic age. A network of extensional fault zones created in Triassic to Early Cretaceous time was contracted and partially inverted in the Late Cretaceous. The basic structural pattern of narrow grabens shortened by different degrees is in some cases complicated by peculiar structural elements: (1)...

NE Hesse is characterised by a variety of ESE-SE striking inverted narrow grabens and basement uplifts crossed by NNE striking complex grabens (e.g. Leinetal Graben) with kinematics still not well understood. Enigmatic features are i.e. allochthonous Middle Triassic blocks of a few tens to hundreds metres in diameter which are surrounded by Zechste...