Jonah Agunwamba

University of Nigeria | UNN · Department of Civil Engineering

The paper presents a new method for the determination of the dispersion number in a waste stabilization pond. Requiring only the data on bacteria variation along the pond as input, this method is simple, accurate and economical compared with the conventional tracer study method. Its application in pond design and evaluation is also discussed. 3.0 I...

Petroleum is vital to many industries and in the manufacture of a wide variety of materials. It also accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy needs and thus it is a critical concern for many nations. The study anchors on developing a mechanistic model for oil- water separation. Over the years, researchers have been working on how to i...

The study of soil stabilization has continued to attract improved research around and within the population. On this note, this study was improved upon and the objective of the study is to develop improved models without the limitation of the constant term (β0) and the random error (\(\epsilon\)) usually encountered with normal quadratic polynomial...

The low rates of biodegradation of organic pollutants in wastewater have been attributed to the daily fluctuation of temperatures, which affects microbial metabolism and activities in reactors. This work aimed to develop a method to degrade sewage pollutants using a synergistic effect of bacterial consortium and thermal energy, while a grey concret...

The determination of stresses developed in a pavement constitutes a basic prerequisite and is achieved mainly by implementation of various methods which is dependent on the number of distinct pavement layers. The need to predict the deformation of highway pavement with a precision that will aid optimal design cannot be oversized. Boussinesq's work...

Pulp and paper production process releases different types of wastes into the environment and pulp mill sludge is one of the major wastes from pulp and paper mill. The environmental awareness has led to more attention being given to the process of paper production and the raw materials and chemical usage. In this study, we analyzed the effect of ch...

This study improves on the conventional SODIS design to make it more effective and increase its acceptability. An improved SODIS was designed to allow polyethylene teraphalate (PET) bottles serving as reactors to be under approximately 97% sunrays’ cover, and with a provision for a heat absorber. The improved SODIS was tested for inactivation of mi...

Frugal innovation (FI) and circular economy (CE) are two concepts that are recently being deliberated among researchers, policymakers, businesses, governments, and international organizations. Being a nascent development, both still lack an extant body of theories and data. Undisputedly they both share commonalities in gathering tractions among sch...

Optimization of competitive adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater with elaies guineensis leaves-based activated carbon

Corn Cob ash was used in competitive adsorption of copper, zinc, and chromium from wastewater. The central composite design; a sub-set of response surface methodology was used to optimize the adsorption of the heavy metals. The result of the statistical parameters showed the coefficient of determination (R2) of 1.000, 0.999, and 1.000 for copper, z...

The circular economy (CE) is one of the most recent approaches being adopted around the world to tackle waste management issues. Recent research efforts have shown that developed locations of the world are at the forefront in adopting and implementing the circularity model, while it is entirely a new concept to most of the low and middle-income cou...

Abstract Provision of potable water for all Nigerians is a priority that is threatened severely. Yet, water is a fundamental human right and successful provision of clean water by 2030 is a global demand that is not negotiable. This chapter reviews the journey towards the provision of clean, potable water in Nigeria and highlights climate change a...

Co-production is a paradigm shift from the traditional model of public policymaking and service delivery that advocates for the involvement and participation of end-users of services as co-partaker in the process. In this paper, we examined the emerging models of co-production in solid waste management in Nigeria using a case study methodology. Fou...

The pulp and paper industry is considered as one of the major potential sources of pollution in the environment and a consumer of wood. Environmental effects have been attributed to chemicals introduced during the manufacturing process. This paper investigated the influence of cooking chemicals, concentration and time on the properties of effluent...

Specific models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes are presently non-existent. What exist are general design models irrespective of the shape and size of latrine which may not give the actual design parameters needed. This research was limited to the derivation of models that will aid the design of the capacity of...

There is limited information about the characteristics of faecal sludges in ordinary pit latrines. Knowledge of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge from different layers of the pit apart from providing an indication of the nature of pit contents endeavoured to provide information and decision support for managing pit l...

Faecal sludge deposited into the pit latrine is subject to biodegradation. The aim of this research was to develop model for the filling rate of faeces in ordinary pit latrine together with the effect of shape factor on such fillings to prepare the minds of users on the filling characteristics of the pit based on contents, usage and environmental f...

Faecal sludge deposited into the pit latrine is subject to biodegradation. The aim of this research was to develop model for the filling rate of faeces in ordinary pit latrine together with the effect of shape factor on such fillings to prepare the minds of users on the filling characteristics of the pit based on contents, usage and environmental f...

There is limited information about the characteristics of faecal sludges in ordinary pit latrines. Knowledge of the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pit sludge from different layers of the pit apart from providing an indication of the nature of pit contents endeavoured to provide information and decision support for managing pit l...

Specific models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes are presently non-existent. What exist are general design models irrespective of the shape and size of latrine which may not give the actual design parameters needed. This research was limited to the derivation of models that will aid the design of the capacity of...

Waste containment facilities require liners and covers for safe waste disposal, which can be efficiently achieved using robust green technologies. In the present study, a systematic approach was adopted towards the development of reliable expansive soil geopolymers suitable for waste containment application. Various factors that influence geopolyme...

Geoenvironmental engineering facilities are required to be robust for effective long-term performance. In the present study, a robust experimental design approach was adopted for the development of expansive soil geopolymer binders for use as barriers in landfill systems. Palm oil fuel ash and quarry fines were used as precursor types (PT). The eff...

Global call for healthy and sustainable food production and consumption has been loud, and the majority of these calls center on ensuring food security through sustainable agriculture. The other parts of the food supply chain such as consumption, packaging, recycling, and food waste management seem to be overlooked especially by developing nations...

Solar disinfection (SODIS) involves exposing water stored in transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers to the sun for about 6 h of strong sunlight, after which the water is rendered safe for consumption. This study investigated the seasonal effect of reactor characteristics on the inactivation kinetics/constant of faecal coliforms by...

A study optimising maintenance cost of water borehole schemes in South Eastern states of Nigeria (Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo States) was carried out. Data was collected from 260 boreholes spread across all local government areas in the states. Optimisation results showed that for boreholes (submersible pumps) pumping once per day, the opt...

It is very essential to improve on the study of stabilization, as we investigate the potential of Processed Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PPKSA) as a Local stabilizer in stabilizing clay soil. The ever-increasing cost of construction materials in Nigeria and other developing countries has created the need for improved research into locally and readily ava...

It is very essential to improve on the study of stabilization, as we investigate the potential of Processed Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PPKSA) as a Local stabilizer in stabilizing clay soil. The ever-increasing cost of construction materials in Nigeria and other developing countries has created the need for improved research into locally and readily ava...

Proper understanding of the historical annual runoff characteristics with respect to climate impacts is essential for effective planning as well as the management of water resources in river basins. In this study, the climate-flood model which connects the runoff and climate was developed for Adada River Nigeria. Thirty years records of climatic an...

The model design was developed for the alignment and it was utilized to test for various geometrics and stream conditions searching for a low and incentive for RMSE and the response variable. Also, during the alignment half of the exploratory information was set to their coefficients, and the staying set of information was similarly be utilized for...

Aims: This study considered the optimal maintenance cost of water boreholes for a multiple pumping scenario in South-East Nigeria. The objective of the study was to determine the optimal maintenance cost of water boreholes for the Southeastern region of Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: The data used in this study is secondary data obtained fro...

This work reviewed the past and current status of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Nigeria towards offering a direction for the future. The past status shows that poor policy regimes, inadequate financing mechanisms, absence of waste data, and abysmal institutional arrangement negatively impacted the MSW management outcomes in the country....

Taguchi approach, which is an offline quality control optimization technique, was combined with grey relational analysis (GRA) in this study to evaluate its effectiveness to optimize additives for expansive soil subgrade improvement. Sawdust ash (SDA), quarry dust (QD) and Portland cement (PC), which were the controlled parameters, were the additiv...

The use of different raw materials and chemicals by pulp and paper industries during pulp and paper production has contributed immensely to the pollution load on the environment. This research used TCF (KOH) and Hypochlorite (CaCIO) 2 to bleach pulped agricultural residue (kenaf stem) to determine one with better environmental parameters. The dewat...

Zinc is a toxic metal ion and is of importance in water and wastewater because it causes dizziness as well as lethargy when ingested by man. In the current study, the groundnut husk ash was investigated as a potential adsorbent for adsorption of zinc(II) ions from industrial wastewater. Groundnut husk ash was characterized by Fourier transform infr...

Metal ion contamination in wastewater is an issue of global concern. The conventional methods of heavy metal removal from wastewater have some drawbacks, ranging from generation of sludge to high cost of removal. Adsorption technique for copper(II), zinc(II), and chromium(VI) using activated carbon has been found efficient. However, it is not econo...

Solar enhanced waste stabilization pond (SEWSP) was modeled in this research. In the analysis, SEWSPs of varying sizes made of metallic tank with inlet and outlet valves, and solar reflectors were constructed to increase the incident solar intensity. Wastewater samples collected from the inlet and outlet of the SEWSPs were examined for physico-chem...

The pothole is a major menace in our society, which has become a major safety hazard in road transportation. This made it necessary for researches into the causes of potholes and the establishment of models that quantifies the rate of development of potholes in relation to its causal mechanisms. The development of cracks and the formation of pothol...

In this paper a Decision Support System named W8st colSoft is developed by employing dynamic programming and swarm intelligence model encoded in Visual Basic Studio 10.0. Solved solutions from literature were used to validate the developed decision support system. The results obtained from these validation presented an average error margin of 2.58%...

A design model was developed for the prediction of CBR values of lateritic soil treated with metakaolin. The laboratory test carried out on the lateritic soil showed that the soil was classified as A-7-5(4) or CL according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials classification system (AASHTO) and Unified Soil Class...

Solar water disinfection (SODIS) harnesses energy from the sun to kill pathogenic microorganism in drinking water, thus making it safe for consumption. The effects of local conditions and materials on the efficiency of SODIS were investigated in this study for a period of five months. Waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles with varying opti...

The rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship is widely used for adequate estimation of rainfall intensity over a particular catchment. A 25 year daily rainfall data were collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) Abuja for Akure station. Twenty five year annual maximum rainfall amounts with durations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30,...

Water samples were obtained from 63 boreholes around Kuto, Abeokuta, Nigeria, and analysed for some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals. The mean concentrations of TDS, Alka, F⁻, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ca²⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, SO4²⁻, SiO2, HCO3⁻, Cl⁻, and CO3²⁻ were 1136, 27.45, 1.232, 0.521, 0.035, 0.013, 0.286, 78.48, 5.796, 89.91, 193.5, 298.3, 3.6...

The design of water resources engineering control structures is best achieved with adequate estimation of rainfall intensity over a particular catchment. To develop the rainfall intensity, duration and frequency (IDF) models, 25 year daily rainfall data were collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) Abuja for Abeokuta. The annual maximu...

Vehicular emissions have been found to constitute the major source of environmental pollution. Unfortunately, it has been observed that in most developing countries like Nigeria, the contribution of vehicular emission to soil pollution and its implication on the environment is yet to be understood. This study focused on estimating the extent of soi...

Efficiencies of sedimentation tanks with horizontal and vertical baffle mixers were studied, compared, and also to determine the optima values of factors of clarification in the sedimentation tanks. These are the discharge, basin baffle spacing and dosing factors, thereby comprises three factors at five levels for a 5k factorial design model. 2.0 m...

This study focused on verifying the Time of concentration Equation for a more reliable design of drains. Tracer studies were carried out in 1000m long rectangular drains at the University of Nigeria Nsukka. Sodium Chloride which was used as the tracer was introduced at station 1 and samples were collected after 20secs simultaneously at the 9 collec...

The regulatory effluent oil limit which is the allowable quantity of hydrocarbons in industrial and stormwater effluents varies from one country to another. Several authors have suggested the need to improve the design methods of conventional oil–water separators because current design methods do not address the quality of effluents produced despit...

This study is aimed at developing a rational model to monitor the spread of crude oil in aquatic environment and thus facilitate more accurate contingency plans for prevention, recovery, mitigation, containment operations and design of functional oil clean-up equipment. The dispersion model of crude oil in water surface environment was generated fr...

Maintenance is key to meeting sustainability and productivity expectations of repairable industrial systems. The upsurge of growth in complexity of processing equipment has since raised the maintenance function beyond the comprehension of human neural networks, thereby necessitating recourse to artificial intelligence techniques. The nexus between...

Paper as a consumer product offers a undisputed benefits to human society, and it has been proven to be critical in driving most sensitive needs of mankind—principally in areas of security, education, sanitation, and communication—and thus has been produced and consumed worldwide. Its sustainable production and usage is one topic that has featured...

Oil spillage is a major environmental threat in south south of Nigeria where most of oil exploration and exploitation activities takes place. If this goes on unchecked or poorly managed, it would lead to total annihilation of the ecosystem. The objective of this study is to develop a model for the prediction of potassium depletion in the crude oil...

Oil spillage is a major environmental threat in south south of Nigeria where most of oil exploration and exploitation activities takes place. If this goes on unchecked or poorly managed, it would lead to total annihilation of the ecosystem. The objective of this study is to develop a model for the prediction of potassium depletion in the crude oil...

Environmental degradation issues are of topical concern to communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Over the years, there has been strong agitation over polluted farm lands in the Niger Delta region by oil companies operating in the area. This is as a result of oil exploration and exploitation in the region. The people in the region can no...

This study was carried using finite element software (Plaxis) in studying the Engineering behavior of erodible soil-quarry dust composite at a proportion of 50% quarry dust and 10% cement. It discusses the effects of decorative street light through numerical analysis using the Finite Elements Method. Plaxis program v8.2 was applied to model the soi...

This study "Development of Empirical Soil Loss Regression Model" presented an empirical model to estimate soil loss in gullies and steep terrains in a watershed. The properties of soil used for the experiment were determined. Soil loss experiments were conducted in the laboratory and field, using rain simulator on thirty two soil samples. Soil loss...

Soil erosion remains a major threat to Urualla and it’s environ.The time required for data collection and high cost of research, is the difficulty in identification of area sensitive to water induced soil erosion by conventional methods. However, these problems can be solved by the use of GIS based predictive models both at local and regional scale...

Environmental degradation issues are of topical concern to communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Over the years, there has been strong agitation over polluted farm lands in the Niger Delta region by oil companies operating in the area. This is as a result of oil exploration and exploitation in the region. The people in the region can no...

The study investigated the use of moringa extract and powder on coliform and BOD variation with time. Jar test analysis revealed optimum dosages that were used in the experimentation. Raw and waste water samples were treated separately with the extract and powder at detention periods of 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Coliform and BOD values o...

Unsaturated soil dispersion experiment was done using three different soil samples which includes sand, clay and silt soil. The objective of the study is to determine experimentally dispersion coefficient in soil. Each sample was gradually introduced into a fabricated iron column, having a length of horizontal column 30cm and vertical part 60.96cm....

Population explosion in urban settings usually exerts enormous pressure on existing water supply systems. The result is that overall water demand is usually not satisfied. This study evaluated the performance of Wadata sub-zone water distribution system with respect to pressure, velocity, hydraulic head loss and nodal demands using WaterCAD and Epa...

In this paper, the refined plate theory (RPT) is examined for the bending analysis of clamped-simply supported (CCSS) isotropic rectangular thick plate. The axial displacement field uses parabolic function in terms of thickness coordinate to include the effect of transverse shear deformation. The transverse displacement consists of bending and shea...

Poor soil conditions are encountered in some of civil, structural, and geotechnical engineering projects. If such cannot be removed, then its engineering properties and behavior can often be enhanced by some method of soil stabilization. In the case of the white clay, classified according to AASHTO as A-7-5(23) used in this research, cement and qua...