Jon A Graystone

Paint Research Association · Technical

Adhesive coating failure arises when various internal or external forces overcome the resistance provided by work of adhesion and other energy dissipation mechanisms. Typical examples include blistering and slow or fast delamination (eg flaking and impact damage). Furthermore a loss of adhesion under wet conditions can be the precursor to corrosion...

Publisher Summary To achieve good repeatability and reproducibility, test methods must be standardized. This chapter gives a general overview of the most common test methods relevant to wood coating with reference to some existing standards wherever possible. It also outlines the objectives of testing, which include coatings development (RD this co...

This chapter discusses the steps involved in the classification and formulation of wood coatings. All wood coatings have something in common to distinguish them from other categories of coating, for example, for metal or masonry. It is important to recognize that formulating a wood coating imposes certain constraints on the selection of ingredients...

This chapter describes the main properties of the raw materials used for coating other than the binder. Many coatings are not transparent and thus require coloring and opacifying agents in the form of pigments, which in turn require stabilizing and wetting additives. Classic solvents are low molecular weight organic substances belonging to two diff...

This chapter discusses the operational aspects of drying and curing and some of the basic concepts related to them. Film formation requires at least one phase change, which may be brought about by loss of volatiles, or in the case of powder solidification by “freezing.” In either case, there may be further chemical reaction to bring about curing. F...

This chapter enables readers to fully understand the coating materials by discussing the chemistry of synthesis or modification, technology of delivery, physical film formation, and chemistry of curing or cross-linking. A coating material is a product, in liquid, paste, or powder form that, when applied to a substrate, forms a film possessing prote...

This chapter deals with the uses of wood coatings in different sectors and their markets. Timber is an important strategic resource and has in recent years attracted interest from the perspective of the carbon content in relation to climate change. About half of the production of wood is used for building purposes and the other half is still used a...

Successful wood coating involves several stages, including preparation of surfaces followed by the application and drying of coatings. Collectively, these activities may be described as “operational aspects.” “Application” refers to a process in which coating material is transformed from the bulk state in containers to a more or less even and smoot...

This chapter deals with industrial coatings that are assumed to be applied under factory conditions; subsequently (e.g., for joinery), there may be a need for maintenance and redecoration. The term “joinery” denotes fabricated wood in buildings. Coatings for interior components are often formulated differently from exterior ones. However, in the ca...

This chapter gives a short presentation of wood materials used for structural and decorative purposes with special emphasis on the consequences for coating. Some materials not requiring a coating treatment have also been included to give a complete survey of this subject. The coating potential of wood can be known by exploring its generic character...

This chapter describes the market needs and end uses of wood coatings as well as differentiates between them on the basis of technology, maintenance or new work, interior or exterior, furniture sector, and flooring sector. Architectural coatings are manually applied, and must dry and cure under ambient conditions. Industrial wood coatings have a wi...

"Wood Coatings" addresses the factors responsible for the performance of wood coatings in both domestic and industrial situations. The term 'wood coatings' covers a broad range of products including stains, varnishes, paints and supporting ancillary products that may be used indoors or outdoors. Techniques for coating wood go back many centuries bu...

Attempting to quantify and predict the exterior service life performance of a coating is an essential and frequently undertaken activity in the technical sections of the paint and surface coating industry. Such work, usually termed weathering or durability studies, is carried out in an attempt to underpin new product development, or to provide a me...

Wood Coatings addresses the factors responsible for the performance of wood coatings in both domestic and industrial situations. The term 'wood coatings' covers a broad range of products including stains, varnishes, paints and supporting ancillary products that may be used indoors or outdoors. Techniques for coating wood go back many centuries but...

Additives in Water-borne Coatings covers both current technology and the future prognosis for the key additives used in water-borne coatings today. It brings together international experts to provide a comprehensive, practical overview of the field, its direction, and selection of key additives currently employed for in-depth treatment of their use...

The importance of quality assurance for exterior wood coatings through British and European standards is discussed. The British standards for exterior wood coatings represent a 'product standard' approach in which individual coatings are considered separately and where the required performance criteria can vary according to product type. New Europe...

Adequate adhesion is the sine qua non for good practical performance in surface coatings systems such as paint. By far the majority of tests used in the coatings industry are destructive and difficult to correlate with performance. Moreover, destructive tests are incompatible with best practice in inspection and quality control. A range of non-dest...

Summaries Adequate adhesion is thesine qua non for good practical performance in surface coatings systems such as paint. By far the majority of tests used in the coatings industry are destructive and difficult to correlate with performance. Moreover, destructive tests are incompatible with best practice in inspection and quality control. A range of...

Modern cosmology underlines the complexity of space time whose full description requires multidimensions and relativity. The objective-subjective world of colour space may seem equally complex, and the continued development of colour order systems is a testimony to this. Navigation in colour or physical space requires answers to such questions as w...

Wood coatings research has a long documented history spanning most of the last century. Is there anything left to discover? Current research, and other investigative activities, suggest the answer be yes! But how does the research translate into user benefits? In many cases the benefit is an environmental one. The challenge is to show that new more...

Summaries Wood coatings research has a long documented history spanning most of the last century. Is there anything left to discover? Current research, and other investigative activities, suggest the answer be yes! But how does the research translate into user benefits? In many cases the benefit is an environmental one. The challenge is to show tha...

Over the past 75 years there has been substantial development and evolution of all types of coating from the perspectives both of chemical and physical form. Yet it does not follow that the new will completely displace the old, and many different technologies continue to co-exist. A main reason for this is that there is no single absolute set of cr...

Over the past 75 years there has been substantial development and evolution of all types of coating from the perspectives both of chemical and physical form. Yet it does not follow that the new will completely displace the old, and many different technologies continue to co-exist. A main reason for this is that there is no single absolute set of cr...

Paint formulations rely heavily upon additives. Jon Graystone guides us through the rules that dictate our choice of additive.

For years there has been debate about the optimal permeability characteristics for the many types of wood coating now available. Some coatings stand accused of 'trapping' moisture; others make claims of allowing 'breathing' but may not control movement. The question therefore stands, 'is there an optimal band for moisture transport, for a given set...

Summaries For years there has been debate about the optimal permeability characteristics for the many types of wood coating now available. Some coatings stand accused of ‘trapping’ moisture; others make claims of allowing ‘breathing’ but may not control movement. The question therefore stands, ‘is there an optimal band for moisture transport, for a...

Successful Colour Delivery depends on tight quality control of pigmented intermediates, such as tinters and basic colours. This cannot be achieved without quantified test and process capability. New developments in processing equipment such as high energy recirculatory mills offer opportunities for better control but the effect of rate and energy i...

The development of European standards for wood coverings is carried out under the auspices of WG2-Coating Systems for wood. WG2 is working on three main areas: classification of exterior coatings; development of test methods; performance specification. A 'Round Robin' weathering test to finalize the test methodology and lay the foundations for perf...