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Publications (140)
Organic petrology developed from coal petrology, and, in the 1960s, it began to be applied to the study of dispersed organic matter (DOM) in sedimentary rocks other than coal. Over the last few decades, the petrology of DOM has been used to characterize organic matter in sedimentary basins with an emphasis on fossil fuel resource exploration. Today...
The organic geochemistry and coal petrology of Palaeogene coals from northeast Greenland (Thyra Ø Island and Kronprins Christian Land) and central Spitsbergen (Longyearbyen and Grumantbyen) were studied using Rock–Eval and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, as well as microphotometry and maceral group analyses. Bulk data and biomarker distributi...
Second Miocene Seam Complex (2nd MFK; germ.: 2. Mioz¨aner Fl¨ozkomplex) holds many in-situ, not permineralised
fossil tree stumps and trunks with high-cellulose contents. The state of preservation of a set of in-situ fossil
trees (Taxodioxylon cryptomerioides, Sciadopityoxylon wettsteinii, and Quasisequoioxylon piskowitzense) collected
from three o...
Considering global market trends and concerns about climate change and sustainability, increased biomass use for energy is expected to continue. As more diverse materials are being utilized to manufacture solid biomass fuels, it is critical to implement quality assessment methods to analyze these fuels thoroughly. One such method is reflected light...
Zastosowanie naturalnych olejków eterycznych o różnorodnym działaniu terapeutycznym stanowi podstawę aromaterapii klinicznej będącej jednym z filarów współczesnej fitoterapii. Wśród udokumentowanej aktywności biologicznej i farmakologicznej naturalnych olejków eterycznych opisane jest również korzystne działanie przeciwbakteryjne i przeciwgrzybicze...
The increasing demand for high-tech trace elements supports the need for systematic investigations of their primary occurrences. Mineralogy and trace element characteristics of hydrothermal base-metal veins from the Ruhr Basin (Ruhrgebiet) and the Rhenish Massif (Bergisches Land) in Germany were studied by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence mappi...
This work investigates bituminite (amorphous sedimentary organic matter) in Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay source rock via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These petrographic tools were used to provide better understanding of the nature of bituminite, which has been historically difficult to identify and...
High volatile bituminous coal C and B is currently exploited at Spitsbergen-Svalbard, Norway. Several coal seams formed during the Palaeocene, of which some were reworked by mass wasting (MW), (glacial)-fluvial (GF) and coastal-marine wave-dominated (WM) processes under periglacial conditions during the Quaternary. This supergene alteration resulte...
Self-heating of coal waste is a major problem in the leading coal-producing and consuming countries, independent of the recent or past coal exploitation history. The phenomenon of self-heating is dependent on many factors such as the properties of organic matter (maceral composition and rank), moisture and pyrite content, climate effects, and stora...
Conventional studies of petroleum basins associate oil generation with the gradual burial of organic-rich sediments. These classical models rely on the interplay between pressure, temperature, and the time required for organic matter transformation to oil and gas. These processes usually occur over geological timescales, but may be accelerated by r...
An interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to test reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in six mudrock samples from United States unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems. Samples selected from the Marcellus, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, Barnett, Bakken and Woodford are representative of resource plays...
Along the western edge of the Bohemian Massif, SE Germany, graphitic carbon occurs in metabasic rocks plus calcsilicates, metabiolites, and paragneisses (graphite I), in pegmatites (graphite II) and in mineralized structure zones (semigraphite and impsonite) The current studies unveiled these graphitic carbon compounds are strikingly different with...
Anatomical analyses of fossil woods, supplemented by information from coal
petrographic investigations, provide data for reconstructing the Cretaceous–
Paleogene, mostly swampy woodland vegetation of the high latitudes. This paper is
focused on the taxonomic description of conifers that have been recovered from a
number of plant fossil Lagerstätten...
Anatomical analyses of fossil woods, supplemented by information from coal petrographic investigations, provide data for reconstructing the Cretaceous/Palaeogene mostly swampy woodland vegetation of the High Latitudes. The present paper is focused on the taxonomic description of conifers which have been recovered from a number of plants fossil Lage...
Since the appearance of trees in the Devonian, coal preservation in the geological rock record considerably increased and since then terrestrial coals are an extraordinary large sink for carbon in the geosphere. In Munindalen near Pyramiden (Dickson Land, Svalbard), low mature middle to upper Devonian strata (Mimerdalen Subgroup) crop out, which be...
The Middle Eocene lignites of the Zeitz-Weißenfels coal mining area in central Germany hosted one of the most economically successful lithotypes of lignite deposits utilised in the paraffin industry of the 19th century, i.e. the pyropissite deposits. However, due to their economic significance, these rare lithotypes were almost completely mined out...
Funginite from the Miocene Sand Bank coal from outcrops along the Middle Fork Eel River in Mendocino County, California, and coprolitic macrinite from the Lower Cretaceous Shengli Formation No. 6 coal, Inner Mongolia, were investigated using optical microscopy, confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispe...
Coal fires have received increasing attention due to their environmental, economic, and social impacts. Their significant influence on coal properties is widely documented by geophysical and geochemical methods.
The paper presents results of round robin exercises on photomicrograph-based identification of dispersed organic matter in source rocks that represent a range of marine and lacustrine deposits from worldwide localities and cover a range of thermal maturities. The round robin exercises were conducted by the Identification of Dispersed Organic Matter...
The Western Falkland Islands are characterized by landforms and sediments of Quaternary age originating from the interplay of periglacial and marine processes. These have left their imprints on siliciclastic sediments and subbituminous coal, peatland, and podzolic soil. Our depositional study focuses on interpreting a stratigraphic sequence which c...
The Wuda Coalfield located in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, North China is known as one of China's major source of prime coking coals and a site of well-researched and well-documented underground coal fires. The underground coal fire at the coal fire zone No. 3.2 is situated in the active coal mine of Suhai-Tu, located in the north westerly...
The liptinite maceral group has been revised by ICCP in accordance with the ICCP System 1994. After the revision of the classifications of vitrinite (ICCP, 1998), inertinite, (ICCP, 2001) and huminite (Sykorova et al., 2005) this liptinite classification completes the revised ICCP maceral group classifications. These classifications are collectivel...
Coal weathering and laboratory (artificial) oxidation have been topics of much discussion and extensive research since over a century ago, as they cause a profound effect on the chemistry of coal and its technological properties and as they induce distinct and irreversible changes to coal macromolecular structure.
This article focuses on the effect...
A reconnaissance study of potential hydrocarbon source rocks of Paleozoic to Cenozoic age from the highly remote New Siberian Islands Archipelago (Russian Arctic) was carried out. 101 samples were collected from outcrops representing the principal Paleozoic-Cenozoic units across the entire archipelago. Organic petrological and geochemical analyses...
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2016.07.015.
The Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Chia Gara Formation, a proven marine source rock characterised by predominance of amorphous organic matter (AOM) is known from few outcrops in NE Iraq and a number of exploration wells in the Zagros Fold Belt. This study presents comprehensive organic petrographic and...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the porosity of the Posidonia shale as a potential gas shale and to compare the results with data published on gas shales known to be productive. The characterization of the porosity of clays and shales still poses an analytical challenge, however. Different methods were investigated based on a compar...
On Svalbard coals from the Late Paleozoic, the Mesozoic, and Paleogene are known. However, their geochemistry is not well understood. During BGR-expeditions to Svalbard coals from the Lower Carboniferous (Billefjorden Group), Cretaceous (Helvetiafjellet Fm.), and Paleocene (Firkanten
Fm.) were sampled. Maceral and biomarker analyses demonstrated th...
Organic-rich shales of the Cretaceous Wealden Formation in the Lower Saxony Basin (LSB) of Germany are an important target for oil and gas exploration (e.g. Rippen et al., 2013). Initial studies on facies and thermal maturity on the well site Isterberg 1001, in the western part of the LSB, have shown that the Wealden sediments are oil prone and are...
Unconventional plays for oil and gas may be crucial energy resources for our immediate and long time future.
In the frame of the NiKo-project, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources
investigated the potential of shales in Germany for shale oil and gas production. Among other potential plays
(most notably the Posidonia (L...
The Chia Gara Formation is one of the major source rocks in northern Iraq. Recent sedimentological and geochemical investigations of the Chia Gara Formation from the giant Kirkuk Oil Field in NE Iraq indicated the presence of alternating calcareous shale and argillaceous limestone, being considered as an important source rock for petroleum in the a...
The Chia Gara Formation is one of the major source rocks in northern Iraq. Recent
sedimentological and geochemical investigations of the Chia Gara Formation from the giant
Kirkuk Oil Field in NE Iraq indicated the presence of alternating calcareous shale and
argillaceous limestone, being considered as an important source rock for petroleum in the
a...
Gravel-sized chips of immature organic-rich Posidonia Shale (Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) core sample from the Wickensen well in the Hills Syncline, Federal State of Lower Saxony were artificially matured in hydrous pyrolysis experiments at 315°C and 120 bars pressure for time periods of up to 10 days to examine processes accompanying generation of ga...
In the today's Arctic, coals were repeatedly deposited during Earth's history. On Svalbard, coal seams are known from the Lower Carboniferous, Jurassic, Cretaceous and the Paleocene, and are still mined for export and the local energy supply. However, their geochemistry is not well understood (e.g. Abdullah et al., 1988; Van Koeverden et al., 2011)...
Vitrinite reflectance generally is considered the most robust thermal maturity parameter available for application to hydrocarbon exploration and petroleum system evaluation. However, until 2011 there was no standardized methodology available to provide guidelines for vitrinite reflectance measurements in shale. Efforts to correct this deficiency r...
We report here, for the first time, spectral properties of Tasmanites microfossils determined by confocal
laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (CLSM, using Ar 458 nm excitation). The Tasmanites occur in a
well-characterized natural maturation sequence (Ro 0.48–0.74%) of Devonian shale (n = 3 samples) from
the Appalachian Basin. Spectral property...
Organic matter occurring in the form of macerals and natural solid bitumens in peats, coals, and siliciclastic sediments of various stratigraphic ages and locations was studied by means of conventional incident light microscopy and CLSM. Classical optical microscopic investigations are restricted by conventional 2-D imaging and are often hindered b...
Among alginite macerals bituminite is one of most frequently occurring maceral types in oil shales. It can occur as irregularly-shaped layers, laminations, lenses, wisps or as shreds. The largely amorphous bituminite maceral may also form mineral-bituminous groundmass (ICCP, 1993). Within the framework of ongoing study on the Gas and Oil Potential...
Optical reflectance of vitrinite is one of the fundamental physical properties that have been used for the study of coal and carbonaceous materials. Organic matter in coals and carbonaceous matter consists mainly of aromatic lamellae, whose dimensions and spatial orientation define its internal structure. Various reflectance parameters describe wel...
This paper presents results of an interlaboratory exercise on organic matter optical maturity parameters using a natural maturation series comprised by three Devonian shale samples (Huron Member, Ohio Shale) from the Appalachian Basin, USA. This work was conducted by the Thermal Indices Working Group of the International Committee for Coal and Orga...
This paper presents results of an interlaboratory exercise on organic matter optical maturity parameters using a natural maturation series comprised by three Devonian shale samples (Huron Member, Ohio Shale) from the Appalachian Basin, USA. This work was conducted by the Thermal Indices Working Group of the International Committee for Coal and Orga...
Application of confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) to qualitative and quantitative examination of liptinite and solid bitumens in the Posidonia Shale (Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) of Northern Germany
J. Kus, Ch. Ostertag-Henning, M. Blumenberg
Sub-Department 1.5, “Resource Geochemistry”, BGR, Hannover
Abstract
The Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shal...
In context of further exploration of the Gorleben salt dome (March 2011 to November 2012) mineralogical and geochemical investigations have been conducted on hydrocarbon-bearing samples of the "Knauelsalz" (z2HS1), particularly the oldest part of the "Hauptsalz" (Stassfurt Series z2). Investigations focus on genesis, composition and macro-/micro-st...
Helmut Jacob, an internationally known coal and organic petrologist, geologist, and lecturer passed away a year ago on 18 January, 2014 suffering from long health complications in Celle, Lower Saxony, Germany. As a devoted brown coal specialist, he founded the Organic Petrography Research Unit at the Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung (BfB), (former...
The Maastrichtian Mamu and Nsukka Formations in the Anambra Basin (SE Nigeria) consists of a cyclic succession of coals, carbonaceous shales, silty shales and siltstones interpreted as deltaic deposits. Sub-bituminous coals within these formations are distributed in a north-south trending belt from Enugu-Onyeama to Okaba in the north of the basin....
Application of confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) to qualitative and quantitative examination of bituminite in Jurassic oil shales
J. Kus1, Ch. Ostertag-Henning1
1 Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover
Corresponding author:
Jolanta Kus
e-mail: J.Kus@bgr.de;
Phone: 0049 (0) 511 6432629
Oi...
Joint investigations of smelting residues, using mineralogical, chemical, and coal petrographic methods as well as radio-carbon dating, are a clue to unravel the history of ancient mining and smelting districts. The data can also contribute to the history of colonization and industrialization of a particular region as well as to constrain and depic...
Fossil fuels are finite: this may be a platitude but it is also a source of controversial points of view. Shrinking supplies or depletion in the near future would have dramatic consequences for the German economy. In addition to the commitment to climate protection, this is one of the key factors in many arguments in the discussion concerning the r...
Die Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) legt seit 1980 in jährlicher Folge den
Rohstoffsituationsbericht für Deutschland vor. Diese traditionelle und erfolgreiche Publikation wird im
Fachbereich „Geologie der mineralischen Rohstoffe“ in Zusammenarbeit mit den Fachbereichen „Deutsche
Rohstoffagentur“ und „Geologie der Energierohs...
Seit März 2011 werden im Rahmen der Weitererkundung des Salzstocks Gorleben mineralogisch-geochemische Untersuchungen an KW-führenden Proben aus dem Hauptsalz – insbesondere dem Knäuelsalz (z2HS1) – durchgeführt. Dabei stehen Untersuchungen der Genese, Zusammensetzung und der makro-/ bzw. mikrostrukturellen Verteilung der im Salzstock Gorleben ange...
Novel technological innovations of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) applied in geoscientific research permit emphasis of topics relevant to the field of organic petrology, such as 2D and 3D imaging of pores and fractures in organic material at micro-and nano-scale in siliciclastic rocks. The earliest CLSM studies in petroleum geosciences w...
Evaluation of petroleum systems onshore and offshore Greenland are known since the end of the 1980s (Christiansen 1989, Bojesen-Koefoed et al. 1999, Gregersen et al. 2007). A detailed geological mapping and sampling of organic-rich mudstone, marlstone, as well as limestone of Silurian age were carried out by the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften...
The Abu Ruweis Formation, NW Jordan, was studied with regard to its chemical (major, minor elements, REE, S-, O-, C isotopes, organic chemistry), mineralogical compositions (rock-forming minerals), coal petrography (maceral analyses) and palynology (age determination and palaecosystem) for the evaporite–coal facies transition which is very rarely f...
Fossil fuels are fi nite: this may be a platitude but it is also a source of controversial points of view.
Shrinking supplies or depletion in the near future would have dramatic consequences for the German
economy. In addition to the commitment to climate protection, this is one of the key factors in
many arguments in the discussion concerning the...
Application of fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to coal and organic petrology - qualitative approach
Kus, J.1, Lévai, O.2
1 Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Germany; J.Kus@bgr.de
2 Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH, Mannheim, Germany; Olga.Levai@leica-microsystems.com
Technological innovations...
Regional variations in maturity trends around deep geothermal well Groß-Buchholz Gt-1, Hannover, Lower Saxony Basin
STILLER, Eva, JÄHNE, Fabian, BERNER, Ulrich, KUS, Jolanta, PLETSCH, Thomas,
SCHEEDER, Georg, and CRAMER, Bernhard,
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany,
Geothermal...
Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1276A, at the toe of the SE facing Newfoundland Margin, provided access to more than 600 m of mid-Cretaceous, deep-marine, organic-rich mudstones with two intercalated volcanic sills near the base of the hole. A 10 m basaltic sill, dated as 105 Ma, was recovered at 1612 m below seafloor. Another sill, at least 17 m thick...