John J. Simpson

University of Guelph | UOGuelph · Department of Physics

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) has confirmed the standard solar model and neutrino oscillations through the observation of neutrinos from the solar core. In this paper we present a search for neutrinos associated with sources other than the solar core, such as gamma-ray bursters and solar flares. We present a new method for looking for temp...

We report results from a combined analysis of solar neutrino data from all phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. By exploiting particle identification information obtained from the proportional counters installed during the third phase, this analysis improved background rejection in that phase of the experiment. The combined analysis resulted...

This paper details the solar neutrino analysis of the 385.17-day Phase-III data set acquired by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). An array of $^3$He proportional counters was installed in the heavy-water target to measure precisely the rate of neutrino-deuteron neutral-current interactions. This technique to determine the total active $^8$B s...

Three levels in 44Ti at energies of 9215 ± 2, 9227 ± 2, and 9239 ± 2 keV have been studied in the 40Ca(α,γ) reaction. Gamma-ray branching ratios, angular distributions, and transition strengths have been measured for each level. Proton decay strengths have also been determined. Each level is assigned Jπ = 2+. The level at 9227 keV must be predomina...

The lifetime of the 3.85-Mev level in C13 has been measured by the Doppler shift attenuation method and has been found to be second. This lifetime together with the (9.3 ± 2.0) × 10−3 relative intensity of the E2 branch from this level implies a strength in Weisskopf units for this transition. It is also found that the primarily M2 transition to th...

The 1459-keV level of 19F was populated by the 19F(p,p′γ)19F reaction at a proton energy of 2.78 MeV. The E2/M1 mixing ratio for the 1459 → 110 keV transition was determined to be from a combination of the γ-ray angular distribution and linear polarization and the nuclear lifetime. The γ-ray angular distribution was measured with a coaxial Ge(Li) d...

Thirteen new resonances in the 15N(α,γ)19F reaction have been discovered in the region Eα = 600–3150 keV. γ-Decay schemes and radiative yields are reported for several of them. Spins and parities for 10 levels in 19F are also reported.

Results are reported on the measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced muon flux at a depth of 2 kilometers below the Earth’s surface from 1229 days of operation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). By measuring the flux of through-going muons as a function of zenith angle, the SNO experiment can distinguish between the oscillated and un...

Results are reported on the measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced muon flux at a depth of 2 kilometers below the Earth's surface from 1229 days of operation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). By measuring the flux of through-going muons as a function of zenith angle, the SNO experiment can distinguish between the oscillated and un...

Results are reported on the measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced muon flux at a depth of 2 kilometers below the Earth's surface from 1229 days of operation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). By measuring the flux of through-going muons as a function of zenith angle, the SNO experiment can distinguish between the oscillated and un...

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) used an array of 3He proportional counters to measure the rate of neutral-current interactions in heavy water and precisely determined the total active (nu_x) 8B solar neutrino flux. This technique is independent of previous methods employed by SNO. The total flux is found to be 5.54_-0.31;+0.33(stat)-0.34+0.3...

This article provides the complete description of results from the Phase I data set of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). The Phase I data set is based on a 0.65 kiloton-year exposure of 2H2O (in the following denoted as D2O) to the solar 8B neutrino flux. Included here are details of the SNO physics and detector model, evaluations of systemat...

Results are reported from the complete salt phase of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory experiment in which NaCl was dissolved in the 2H2O (“D2O”) target. The addition of salt enhanced the signal from neutron capture as compared to the pure D2O detector. By making a statistical separation of charged-current events from other types based on event-isot...

Results are reported from the complete salt phase of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory experiment in which NaCl was dissolved in the {sup 2}H{sub 2}O (''D{sub 2}O'') target. The addition of salt enhanced the signal from neutron capture as compared to the pure D{sub 2}O detector. By making a statistical separation of charged-current events from other...

Upper limits on the ν̅ e flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory have been set based on the ν̅ e charged-current reaction on deuterium. The reaction produces a positron and two neutrons in coincidence. This distinctive signature allows a search with very low background for ν̅ e’s from the Sun and other potential sources. Both differential and inte...

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory has precisely determined the total active (nu(x)) 8B solar neutrino flux without assumptions about the energy dependence of the nu(e) survival probability. The measurements were made with dissolved NaCl in heavy water to enhance the sensitivity and signature for neutral-current interactions. The flux is found to be...

Data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory have been used to constrain the lifetime for nucleon decay to ``invisible'' modes, such as n-->3nu. The analysis was based on a search for gammarays from the deexcitation of the residual nucleus that would result from the disappearance of either a proton or neutron from 16O. A limit of tauinv>2×1029 yr is...

Data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory have been used to constrain the lifetime for nucleon decay to "invisible" modes, such as n-->3nu. The analysis was based on a search for gamma rays from the deexcitation of the residual nucleus that would result from the disappearance of either a proton or neutron from 16O. A limit of tau(inv)>2 x 10(29) y...

The technique used at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) to measure the concentration of in water is described. Water from the SNO detector is passed through a vacuum degasser (in the light water system) or a membrane contact degasser (in the heavy water system) where dissolved gases, including radon, are liberated. The degasser is connected to...

We describe a method to measure the concentration of and in the heavy water target used to detect solar neutrinos at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory and in the surrounding light water shielding. A water volume of 50– from the detector is passed through columns which contain beads coated with a compound of manganese oxide onto which the Ra dissolve...

As photodisintegration of deuterons mimics the disintegration of deuterons by neutrinos, the accurate measurement of the radioactivity from thorium and uranium decay chains in the heavy water in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is essential for the determination of the total solar neutrino flux. A radium assay technique of the required sensit...

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a 1000 T D2O Cerenkov detector that is sensitive to 8B solar neutrinos. The energy, radius, and direction with respect to the sun is measured for each neutrino event; these distributions are used to separately determine the rates of the charged current, neutral current and electron scattering reactions of neutrin...

Not Available for the SNO collaboration

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is a 1,000 tonne heavy water Cerenkov-based neutrino detector situated 2,000 meters underground in INCO's Creighton Mine near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. For the neutrinos from 8B decay in the Sun SNO observes the Charged Current neutrino reaction sensitive only to electron neutrinos and others (Neutral Current...

A calibration source employing 8Li (t1/2=0.838 s) has been developed for use with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). This source creates a spectrum of β-particles with an energy range similar to that of the SNO 8B solar neutrino signal. The source is used to test the SNO detector's energy response, position reconstruction and data reduction al...

Observations of neutral-current nu interactions on deuterium in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are reported. Using the neutral current (NC), elastic scattering, and charged current reactions and assuming the standard 8B shape, the nu(e) component of the 8B solar flux is phis(e) = 1.76(+0.05)(-0.05)(stat)(+0.09)(-0.09)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1) f...

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) has measured day and night solar neutrino energy spectra and rates. For charged current events, assuming an undistorted 8B spectrum, the night minus day rate is 14.0%+/-6.3%(+1.5%)(-1.4%) of the average rate. If the total flux of active neutrinos is additionally constrained to have no asymmetry, the nu(e) asym...

We generalize the notion of democratic mixing matrices for neutrinos and propose a scheme in which the electron neutrino is a superposition of three different mass eigenstates with equal weights. This scheme accounts for the recent SNO results as well as atmospheric muon neutrino and electron neutrino data. The outcomes of reactor neutrino and acce...

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) has measured day and night solar neutrino energy spectra and rates. For charged current events, assuming an undistorted (sup 8)B spectrum, the night minus day rate is 14.0%[plus-or-minus]6.3%(sup +1.5)-1.4 % of the average rate. If the total flux of active neutrinos is additionally constrained to have no asymm...

Observations of neutral current neutrino interactions on deuterium in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are reported. Using the neutral current, elastic scattering, and charged current reactions and assuming the standard 8B shape, the electron-neutrino component of the 8B solar flux is 1.76 +/-0.05(stat.)+/-0.09(syst.) x10^6/(cm^2 s), for a kinetic...

Solar neutrinos from (8)B decay have been detected at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory via the charged current (CC) reaction on deuterium and the elastic scattering (ES) of electrons. The flux of nu(e)'s is measured by the CC reaction rate to be straight phi(CC)(nu(e)) = 1.75 +/- 0.07(stat)(+0.12)(-0.11)(syst) +/- 0.05(theor) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1)....

The first neutrino observations from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are presented from preliminary analyses. Based on energy, direction and location, the data in the region of interest appear to be dominated by 8B solar neutrinos, detected by the charged current reaction on deuterium and elastic scattering from electrons, with very little backgro...

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a second-generation water Cherenkov detector designed to determine whether the currently observed solar neutrino deficit is a result of neutrino oscillations. The detector is unique in its use of D2O as a detection medium, permitting it to make a solar model-independent test of the neutrino oscillation hypothesis...

We have carried out a comprehensive ESR and U-series dating study on the Lake Mungo 3 (LM3) human skeleton. The isotopic Th/U and Pa/U ratios indicate that some minor uranium mobilization may have occurred in the past. Taking such effects into account, the best age estimate for the human skeleton is obtained through the combination of U-series and...

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory contains 1000 t of ultra-pure heavy water and 7000 t of very pure light water. In order to achieve the goal of determining accurately the total number of neutrinos emitted by the sun regardless of type, the radioactivity in the water must be maintained with a radiopurity of less than 10−14 g/g of 232Th and 238U in s...

The Neanderthal hominid Tabun C1, found in Israel by Garrod & Bate, was attributed to either layer B or C of their stratigraphic sequence. We have used gamma-ray spectrometry to determine the 230Th/234U and 231Pa/235U ratios of two bones from this skeleton, the mandible and a femur. The ages calculated from these ratios depend on the uranium uptake...

Prehistoric hominid fossils are too valuable to be dated by destructive or even partially destructive methods. Non-destructive U-series dating by γ-ray counting can therefore be a valuable method if relatively large hominid fragments, such as skulls, containing measurable amounts of uranium are available. We present a description of the method as w...

Improvements in the detection limits of thorium and uranium in acrylics by neutron activation analysis are described. The average of results from 10 g samples was found to be higher than the results from 450 g samples taken from the same acrylic sheet. Using eighteen large (450 g) samples from a single sheet of acrylic gave an average value of 3.20...

Measurements have been made of the thorium, uranium and potassium concentrations in a variety of materials. The methods of direct γ-ray counting and neutron activation analysis have been employed, and cases of secular disequilibrium most notably in aluminum have been identified. Several comprehensive tables of results are provided.

A threshold associated with a small mixing of a heavy neutrino in beta decay cannot be interpreted as due to the production of a fictitious neutral scalar in conjunction with a light neutrino.

The intensity of the 1001 keV -ray occurring in the decay of234mPa in equilibrium with natural uranium sources is found to be (0.818±0.030)%. This value is in agreement with a recent measurement employing depleted uranium sources, but does not agree with earlier reports employing radiochemically pure sources.

The experimental evidence of a distortion in the β-spectra of 3H, 35S, 63Ni, 14C and IBEC-spectrum of 71Ge is reviewed. The distortions seen in the five nuclei are consistent with their interpretation as the signal of the emission of a neutrino of 17-keV mass and mixing angle of 0.1. Some of the implications of this discovery are reviewed.

It is suggested that the late neutrino events from supernova SN 1987 A detected by the Kamiokande and IMB detectors can be understood as arising from massive neutrinos decaying in flight. If the neutrino mass is 17 keV, the estimated mean life is (0.6–1.6) x 104s. The shorter prompt pulse then implies an upper limit to the mass of the lightest neut...

A. 4.25-kg sample of vanadium metal was counted with a high purity Ge detector for 135.5 d. Ninety-six peaks were observed in the gamma-ray spectrum between 220 and 2615 keV, all but one of which could be assigned to known contaminant radioactivities mostly contained in the V sample itself. After making a 4.0% calculated correction for the intensit...

Two measurements of the β spectrum of 35S have been made using a windowless Si(Li) detector. The data show a clear threshold anomaly at Q-17 keV which is consistent with the emission of a 16.9±0.4 keV neutrino with a mixing probability of (0.73±0.09±0.06)%. All values of mixing probability <0.26% are rejected at the 99% confidence level.

A measurement of the spectrum of tritium implanted into a hyperpure germanium detector is reported. A distortion is observed 17 keV below the end point which is in agreement with an earlier measurement involving a tritium-implanted Si(Li) detector. The excess of counts observed in the low-energy region of the tritium spectrum is best described by t...

Two measurements of the ..beta.. spectrum of /sup 35/S have been made using a windowless Si(Li) detector. The data show a clear threshold anomaly at Q-17 keV which is consistent with the emission of a 16.9 +- 0.4 keV neutrino with a mixing probability of (0.73 +- 0.09 +- 0.06)%. All values of mixing probability <0.26% are rejected at the 99% confid...

A measurement of the ..beta.. spectrum of tritium implanted into a hyperpure germanium detector is reported. A distortion is observed 17 keV below the end point which is in agreement with an earlier measurement involving a tritium-implanted Si(Li) detector. The excess of counts observed in the low-energy region of the tritium spectrum is best descr...

A gamma-ray spectrometer with three large HpGe crystals totalling 560 cm3 in one cryostat was fabricated with a view to achieving ultralow background count rates in the energy region below 4 MeV. At 2 MeV, the continuum background is 1.7 × 10-3 counts per keV per 1000 h per cm3, making this one of the lowest background, large systems at the present...

The observation of the following three reactions: νed→ppe; νxe→νxe; and νxd→νxpn (where νx is any left- handed neutrino) in a heavy water Čerenkov detector which is being designed, allows the solar 8B ve flux, spectrum and direction to be measured. In addition, the total solar neutrino flux, direction and integral spectrum, independent of neutrino...

The techniques employed to measure Th concentrations in acrylic (PMMA) samples at a level of a few tens of ppt are described. Measurements on eleven different acrylic samples yielded a mean Th concentration of 40±20 ppt.

It is shown that there is a threshold 17 keV below the end point of the β spectrum of 35S in the published work of Ohio et al. The distortion of the Kurie plot is consistent with that seen in the 3H β spectrum, strengthening the earlier suggestion that the distortion is due to the emission of a neutrino of mass 17 keV.

The proposal to build a heavy-water Čerenkov detector deep underground is discussed. The main physics objectives are to measure the8B solar neutrino flux, to identify neutrino oscillations and to watch for gravitational collapse. The measurements of the sources of background and the optical properties of heavy water, which are necessary to prove th...

A detailed study of the events recorded with a 208 cm3 intrinsic germanium γ-ray detector produced by interactions of natural environmental radiation was undertaken. In the first part of this work, the data on events from characteristic radioactivity are analysed to optimise the shielding requirements for reducing the γ-ray background as seen by th...

The extrapolated end-point of the tritium beta spectrum has been measured in a tritium-implanted Si(Li) detector for which the radiation damage has been kept small. The result is 18577±7 eV. Adding the maximum recoil energy, the 3-3He atomic mass difference is taken to be 18580±7 eV.

The observation of a distortion of the β spectrum of tritium is reported. This distortion is consistent with the emission of a neutrino of mass about 17.1 keV and a mixing probability of 3%.

The extrapolated end-point of the tritium beta spectrum has been measured in a tritium-implanted Si(Li) detector for which the radiation damage has been kept small. The result is 18577 +- 7 eV. Adding the maximum recoil energy, the /sup 3/H-/sup 3/He atomic mass difference is taken to be 18580 +- 7 eV.

A gamma-ray peak attributed to the deexcitation of the first excited state of 50Ti has been detected from vanadium metal by a large, low background intrinsic Ge detector operating in a salt mine. The partial half-life for the electron capture decay of 50V to the first excited state of 50Ti has been estimated to be 1.2+0.8-0.4×1017 yr. A limit on th...

A ..gamma..-ray peak attributed to the deexcitation of the first excited state of /sup 50/Ti has been detected from vanadium metal by a large, low background intrinsic Ge detector operating in a salt mine. The partial half-life for the electron capture decay of /sup 50/V to the first excited state of /sup 50/Ti has been estimated to be 1.2/sub -0.4...

A new lower limit of 3.2×1022 yr has been obtained for the half-life of neutrinoless double β decay of 76Ge to the ground state of 76Se, by use of a Ge detector of 208 cm3 active volume running in a salt mine for 2363 h. This is the largest detector used to date in such an experiment. A limit for decay to the first excited state has also been obtai...

Each component of background activity observed by Ge spectrometers from environmental and cosmic sources and from materials contamination is analysed and methods of reduction evaluated. Background reductions, achieved by materials selection and shielding geometry improvements for a coaxial and a planar spectrometer are presented. For example, the 1...

The status of the development of the Guelph 76-Ge double beta decay experiment is given. (AIP)

The branching ratio for pair emission for the ground-state transition from the J/sup ..pi../ = 1/2⁻, 2789-keV level of ²¹Ne has been measured relative to the branching ratio for the transition from the J/sup ..pi../ = 1/2/sup +/, 2796-keV level. The result indicates that the former transition is predominantly E1 in multipolarity (delta(M2/E1)

A high-precision β energy spectrum of 3H has been examined for the emission of a heavy neutrino (between 100 eV and 10 keV). No evidence has been found for it, and limits are given as a function of the mixing angle of the heavy neutrino with the usual light neutrino.

It is pointed out that present lower bounds on the lifetime for neutrinoless double β-decay put stringent upper limits on the mixing of a heavy Majorana neutrino (< a few MeV) with the dominantly coupled light neutrino of β-decay.

The available evidence on the spin-parity assignments for the 3176 and 3646 keV levels of 44Ti is reviewed. The results of new studies of the decay gamma-rays of the 4.22 MeV resonance in the 40Ca(alpha, gamma)44Ti reaction are presented. Angular distribution fits and strength arguments are used to establish J(3176) = 3 and J(3646) = 4, with the tw...

An experiment to measure the -energy spectrum of tritium implanted at high energy into a Si(Li) x-ray detector has been carried out primarily with the aim of determining the mass of the electron antineutrino, but also the extrapolated end-point energy of the spectrum. The measurement implies a mass <65 eV with 95% confidence and a best value of 20...

The 12C(12C,t)21Na reaction has been studied at theta=0° over an energy range from 37 to 50 MeV. Rapid fluctuations in the cross sections to individual final states were observed, but no conclusive evidence for pronounced resonant structure was observed, either at the 19.3 MeV (c.m.) anomaly or elsewhere. NUCLEAR REACTIONS 12C(12C,t); E=37-50 MeV,...

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.19.2077

A formalism is presented for extracting isospin mixing in the compound nucleus from a comparison of Ericson fluctuations in the cross section of mirror reactions. Some experimental aspects of the comparison are also discussed. NUCLEAR REACTIONS Isospin mixing in compound nucleus mirror reactions.

A reported splitting of the lowest T=2 strength in 44Ti has been confirmed by examining resonances in the 40Ca(α, γ) 44Ti reaction at excitation energies in the region of 9.28-9.36 MeV. A level at 9298 ± 2 keV in 44Ti is found to have γ-decays to the 1+, T=1 level at 7216 keV and to a T=0 level at 3756 keV. The former transition is attributed to a...

A reported splitting of the lowest T = 2 strength in /sup 44/Ti has been confirmed by examining resonances in the /sup 40/Ca(..cap alpha.., ..gamma..) /sup 44/Ti reaction at excitation energies in the region of 9.28--9.36 MeV. A level at 9298 +- 2 keV in /sup 44/Ti is found to have ..gamma..-decays to the 1/sup +/, T = 1 level at 7216 keV and to a...

Ericson fluctuations of the triton and helium-3 decays of the compound nucleus 26Al formed in the 14N + 12C reaction have been studied for excitation energies between 33 and 38 MeV. These mirror channels are only weakly correlated which is partly attributed to an isospin-nonconserving width of about 20 keV.

Evidence on the lifetimes and spins of the bound levels of /sup 44/Ti as obtained from the /sup 40/Ca(..cap alpha..,..gamma..)/sup 44/Ti reaction is presented. Lifetimes were obtained by the Doppler shift attenuation method, and spins from angular distribution and transition strength arguments. Weak ..gamma..-ray branches have been established in ....

Evidence on the lifetimes and spins of the bound levels of 44Ti as obtained from the 40Ca(α, γ)44Ti reaction is presented. Lifetimes were obtained by the Doppler shift attenuation method, and spins from angular distribution and transition strength arguments. Weak γ-ray branches have been established in γ-γ coincidences between Ge(Li) and NaI(Tl) de...

An upper limit of 0.16% (one standard deviation) is placed on the γ-ray branching ratio for the ΔT=2 transition from the T=2, 0+ level at 9338 ± 2 keV in 44Ti to the first excited 2+ level at 1083 keV. A new determination of ΓαΓγ/Γ for the T=2 level gives 0.24 eV. The upper limit for the ΔT=2 transition is shown to be consistent with shell-model es...

An upper limit of 0.16% (one standard deviation) is placed on the $gamma$-ray branching ratio for the $delta$T=2 transition from the T=2 0$sup +$ level at 9338 +- 2 keV in $sup 44$Ti to the first excited 2$sup +$ level at 1083 keV. A new determination of GAMMA/sub alpha/GAMMA/sub gamma//GAMMA for the T=2 level gives 0.24 eV. The upper limit for...

The reaction 32S(14N, pnγ)44Ti has been studied with a view to populating high spin states in 44Ti. In singles and γ-γ coincidence experiments γ-ray transitions in the ground state band and a negative parity band are seen and three levels connected to the ground state band, at 6508, 7671, and 8040 keV, are inferred. Angular distributions are consis...

The reaction 28Si(14N, pngamma)40Ca has been used to populate high-spin states in 40Ca, and levels at 6930 and 8098 keV are identified as the 6+ and 8+ yrast states. The results suggest the termination at spin 8 of the band based on the 3.35-MeV state. The previously identified level at 6930 keV is found to be a doublet.

The positive parity levels in 44Ti below 4.2 MeV and many of the E2 transitions between them are fairly successfully explained using a soft asymmetric rotor model. A brief discussion of suggested negative parity states is also given. NUCLEAR STRUCTURE 44Ti; calculated levels, B(E2)'s. Asymmetric rotor model with vibrations.

The results of measurements of gamma -ray angular distributions, gamma ; - gamma coincidences, and attenuated Doppler shifts for the reaction ⁴°Ca( ; alpha , gamma )⁴⁴Ti are presented, providing strong evidence that twel ve ; of the fourteen excited states below 4.1 MeV can be grouped into four rotational-; like bands. (auth);

Lifetimes in 44Ti have been measured by the attenuated Doppler shift following α-capture in 40Ca. targets. Mean lifetimes for the 1083 keV (2+1), the 2454 keV (4+1), the 2531 keV (2+2), the 2886 keV (2+3) and the 3415 keV states of 44Ti are respectively 4.5 ± 1.1, 0.60 ± 0.11, 1.42 ± 0.20, 0.42 ± 0.14 and 0.70 ± 0.11 ps. The lifetimes of the 1904 k...

The 3.9 h decay of the 44Sc ground state has been investigated with a 44Ti source. In a singles experiment with a Ge(Li) detector and a gamma-gamma coincidence experiment with a NaI(Tl)-Ge(Li) detector arrangement a (0.010 +/- 0.002)% EC branch to the 3.30 MeV level of 44Ca has been found. The gamma-decay branching ratio of the 3.30 MeV level has b...

The lowest T=2 state in 44Ti has been found in the reaction 40Ca(alpha,gamma)44Ti at an excitation energy of 9338 +/- 2 keV in 44Ti. The radiative yield has been measured and the gamma decay has been studied.

Measurements have been made of the yield of gamma-rays following the Coulomb excitation of 70Ge with 35Cl ions at energies from 60 to 83 MeV and with 32S ions at 75.7 MeV. A gamma-ray of 175.9 +/- 0.3 keV has been observed and has been associated with the decay of the excited 02 + state in 70Ge. A comparison of the yield of this gamma-ray with the...