John Scott

Queensland University of Technology | QUT · School of Justice

Around the world, male sex work is an increasingly online endeavour, which presents unique opportunities for research and advocacy. This chapter examines large datasets of male sex work profiles from six contents and spanning more than a decade, asking questions about the potentials and pitfalls for research. While profiles provide a large, diverse...

Ten per cent of the world's population lives on islands, but until now the place and space characteristics of islands in criminological theory have not been deeply considered. This book addresses issues of how, and by whom, crime is defined in island settings, informed by the distinctive social structures of their communities.

This chapter contains references to sexual abuse of minors that readers may find upsetting or disturbing. The reader must remember that all these people are the descendants of half a dozen men; that the first children intermarried together and bore grandchildren to the mutineers; that these grandchildren intermarried; after them, great and great-gr...

Ten per cent of the world's population lives on islands, but until now the place and space characteristics of islands in criminological theory have not been deeply considered. This book addresses issues of how, and by whom, crime is defined in island settings, informed by the distinctive social structures of their communities.

… we are all islands – in a common sea. (Anne Morrow Lindbergh, 1955) Although much has been written about rural policing, accounts of policing islands in the Global North are rare (see Souhami, 2020). One exception is a light-hearted account of policing the Isles of Scilly (population 2,200) off the south-west coast of England. The longest serving...

Island displacement not only physically freed up land for colonization, it also sustained the imperial project ideologically. (Roscoe, 2021, p 183) Although isolation can protect islands and island spaces, it can also render them vulnerable to invasion by outside forces. In this chapter, we explore the concept of islands as locations that have been...

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers should be advised that this chapter contains the names of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples who have passed away. Islands inspire mindscapes for imagining that reality may be experienced in its entirety. (Thomas, 2007, p 22) The isolation of island spaces has seen them celebrated...

Looking down on the islands and the expanse of water of the carceral archipelago, we wonder about the relationship between the parts and the whole, and the difficulty of distinguishing figure and ground. Are prisons islands – discrete yet connected or might it be more fruitful to think of water itself as the constraining phenomena? Land or water as...

While islands may be used for negative, hidden activities such as imprisonment, they are also sites utilized for development, investment, profit and ‘dream making’. (Mountz, 2015, p 642) In Chapter 3, we discussed the importance of island borders in defining who is in and out. As we noted there, however, and notwithstanding the concomitant rise of...

It is debatable whether criminology is a ‘discipline’. Historically it has drawn on many disciplines, most notably sociology. This sociological preoccupation has perhaps given it a temporal character. This noted, and as we have argued throughout this book, geography has always informed criminology. Most of this ‘geographic’ work, perhaps owing to t...

Academic prizes have three problems: they feed an individualist ethos, perpetuate the idea of the ‘marketplace of ideas’ as a fair and even playing field, and build a stereotype of white, Western men as the ultimate knowledge creators. However, prizes can also challenge stereotypes and help democratise knowledge creation by enlarging the visibility...

This final chapter presents a more comprehensive vision for island criminologies, drawing together several theoretical and conceptual threads that are woven through preceding sections of the book. Much of what we build on here is an extension of what has been called ‘rural criminology’. However, because of its cultural and ideological baggage, the...

This chapter explores how the isolation and remoteness of islands might influence and inflect criminological theorizing. As touched on in Chapter 2, islands have tended to be imagined through a Western lens as spaces that are both idealized and feared; their separateness and isolation prompt visions of paradise, but also dislocation and banishment....

Although much has been written about rural policing, accounts of policing islands are generally rare. Research in the Global North has presented policing in remote and small-scale societies as community focused, owing to low crime rates in such societies. But is there actually less crime or less reportage of crimes, such as domestic violence, which...

Chapter 2 develops a critical framework to examine islands and crime, and functions as something akin to a literature review. It situates island criminologies within these existing criminological lines of inquiry, while also taking an interdisciplinary, global, and critical approach to exploring how islandness might further inflect extant criminolo...

This chapter explores islands as locations that have been shaped, but also created, through processes of human invasion. It considers the role of (neo-)colonial forces in moulding the spaces and places of islands, broadening previous theorizing of island spaces to incorporate islands situated on terra firma and bounded by desert. In respect of the...

Although it is hardly a new insight that social integration as much produces crime as it prevents it, this chapter draws on the case of Pitcairn Island – Britain’s smallest colony and the last British territory in the Pacific – to more deeply explore how intensive social ‘bonding’ capital can be both crime protective as well as criminogenic. The ‘s...

Ten per cent of the world’s population lives on islands, but until now the place and space characteristics of islands in criminological theory have not been deeply considered. This book moves beyond the question of whether islands have more or less crime than other places, and instead addresses issues of how, and by whom, crime is defined in island...

Drawing on green criminology and its broadening of ‘crime’ to include harm to both people and environment, this chapter examines the extraction of natural and human resources as part of the economic ‘development’ of small islands, spurred by colonial and commercial interests. It focuses specifically upon the cases of Nauru and Bougainville islands...

The chapter argues that a critical review of the research conducted from the social sciences and epidemiology fields on STI have constructed categories of “risk”, as well as developed insights into preventing stigma and disease. The discussion includes how public health discourses, health service delivery, and research have forged partnerships with...

Clinical relevance Understanding the prevalence of vision conditions in a population is critical for determining the most appropriate strategies for detecting and correcting eye conditions in a community. This is particularly important in very remote regions where access to vision testing services is limited. Background Although recent studies hav...

Men comprise roughly ten percent of the overall population engaged in direct forms of sex work. Of this number roughly ten percent provide services to women, the majority of male sex workMale sex work involving a male clientele. For this reason, male sex work has often been conflated with ‘homosexuality’ and social control measures have reflected t...

Aydin Y, Koksal AR, Thevenot P, et al. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2020;15:1771–1786. The authors have advised due to an error that occurred inadvertently at the time of figure assembly, Figure 3 on page 1587 is incorrect. The high magnification images of Huh-7.5 and HLE should be interchanged. The correct Figure 3 is shown below. Figure 3 Characteri...

This paper problematises the dominance of the Northern gaze on sex work. Because the organisation of sex work takes place under different modes in Bangladesh, sex work premises have a unique structure which sets them apart from sex work in the Global Northern contexts. In particular, the dichotomy between private and public life, which has influenc...

Purpose Corruption and dishonesty in the political and bureaucratic realms have impeded the ability of local governments to provide services and social justice in Nepali society. In light of this, the purpose of this research is to answer the key research question: what are the possibilities and limitations of local government in implementing const...

Background and Aim HCC development in liver cirrhosis is associated with impaired autophagy leading to increased production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes and microvesicles. The goal of the study is to determine which of these particles is primarily involved in releasing of HCC-specific biomarker glypican-3 (GPC3) when autophagy...

Background and Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developing in the context of preexisting cirrhosis is characterized by impaired autophagy that results in increased exosome release. This study was conducted to determine whether circulating exosomes expressing glypican 3 (GPC3) could be utilized as a biomarker for HCC detection and treatment respo...

Pedophile hunting – abetted by digital technologies – has spread rapidly, resulting in detrimental outcomes, including suicides of hunters’ targets. The scant research on these groups adopts a functionalist argument that they have emerged to fill a security deficit – to undertake work that police are incapable of due to resource and skill deficits...

Plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA may represent a viable diagnostic alternative to respiratory RNA levels, which rapidly decline after infection. Quantitative PCR with reverse transcription (RT–qPCR) reference assays exhibit poor performance with plasma, probably reflecting the dilution and degradation of viral RNA released into the circulation, but these issu...

This article examines crime prevention practices in the Torres Strait Region (TSR), where relatively low crime rates challenge the association of discrete Indigenous communities with crime ‘problems’ and also test other criminological assumptions around crime. Drawing on 27 interviews with justice professionals and social workers in the TSR, we acc...

There is little research on how nationalism is adopted and deployed to foster but also to challenge sex-, gender- and HIV-related stigma in Thailand and other nation states across Southeast Asia. The available literature highlights how self-help groups for Thai people with HIV function as communities of practice, as sites of learning, and for gaini...

SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious, and the global spread has caused significant medical/socioeconomic impacts. Other than vaccination, effective public health measures, including contact tracing, isolation and quarantine, is critical for deterring viral transmission, preventing infection progression and resuming normal activities. Viral transmission...

As a palpable legacy of violent colonialism, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (‘Indigenous’) Australians are the most incarcerated peoples in the world. Community policing, which hinges on the development of trusting community–police partnerships, is frequently proposed as a means of reducing this over-representation, but approaches vary and p...

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI car...

While there has been much research into Indigenous crime and justice, previous research draws largely on Aboriginal peoples, who are culturally distinct from Torres Strait Islanders. The Torres Strait region offers a unique opportunity to observe how justice is practised in remote contexts. Through statistical analysis and qualitative fieldwork, th...

SARS-CoV2 is highly contagious and the global spread has caused significant medical, social and economic impacts. Other than vaccination, effective public health measures, including contact tracing, isolation and quarantine, is critical for deterring viral transmission, preventing infection progression and resuming normal activities. Viral transmis...

A CRISPR-augmented RT-PCR assay that sensitively detects SARS-CoV-2 RNA was employed to analyze viral RNA kinetics in longitudinal plasma samples from nonhuman primates (NHP) after virus exposure; to evaluate the utility of blood SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection for COVID-19 diagnosis in adults cases confirmed by nasal/nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR results; a...

Background Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health inequities that disproportionately affect the sexual health and well-being of many populations, including people of color, ethnic minority groups, women, and sexual and gender minority populations. Although there have been several rev...

Background: Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health inequities that disproportionately affect the sexual health and well-being of many populations, including people of color, ethnic minority groups, women, and sexual and gender minority populations. Although there have been several re...

Background: Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health inequities that disproportionately affect the sexual health and well-being of many populations, including people of color, ethnic minority groups, women, and sexual and gender minority populations. Although there have been several re...

Background: Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health inequities that disproportionately affect the sexual health and well-being of many populations, including people of color, ethnic minority groups, women, and sexual and gender minority populations. Although there have been several re...

The Cape York Welfare Reform (CYWR) initiative aims to reduce ‘passive dependence’ on welfare and restore ‘positive social norms’ to revitalise cultural and social networks and support economic engagement in Indigenous communities in the Cape York Region of Australia. Critics of the initiative and, in particular, its income management (IM) policies...

This paper examines the perceptions of police who work in Queensland’s discrete Indigenous communities. Given the strong relationship between policing practices and the environments in which police work, we examine how ‘place’ and ‘space’ – particularly the environmental context of Queensland’s discrete Indigenous communities – can inform policing....

In this article, we seek to chart the place of islands in criminology with respect to both their place- and space-based attributes. We explore the possibilities of island criminology through the case of Pitcairn Island, which in 2004 formed the backdrop for a series of sensational sexual assault trials. The trials thrust the Island, its people, his...

Contemporary Australian drug policy is characterized by a tension between punitive law and order responses that invoke the myth of sovereign power and responsibilizing strategies that “(re)moralize” individuals, holding them responsible for their safety, security, and well-being. This article argues that this blending of neoliberal techniques of go...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection compromises the natural defense mechanisms of the liver leading to a progressive end stage disease such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatic stress response generated due to viral replication in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergoes a stepwise transition from adaptive to pro-survival sign...

The overrepresentation of Indigenous Australians in the criminal justice system has been thoroughly documented over a number of decades. However, studies tend to adopt homogenising discourses that fail to acknowledge or deeply examine the diversity of Indigenous Australian experiences of crime, including across geographic and cultural contexts. Thi...

Southern Criminology By Kerry Carrington, Russell Hogg, John Scott, Máximo Sozzo and Reece Walters, just published! (Routledge, London and New York) Criminology has focused mainly on problems of crime and violence in the large population centres of the Global North to the exclusion of the global countryside, peripheries and antipodes. Southern crim...

This book offers an overview of the metropolitan biases of criminological theory that have produced hegemony of knowledge in the field and makes the case for the global south-a largely overlooked field for knowledge production in criminology. A thought provoking book! Written by the leaders of Southern Criminology, it is a most important contributi...

Southern Criminology By Kerry Carrington, Russell Hogg, John Scott, Máximo Sozzo and Reece Walters, just published! (Routledge, London and New York) Criminology has focused mainly on problems of crime and violence in the large population centres of the Global North to the exclusion of the global countryside, peripheries and antipodes. Southern crim...

We have limited knowledge about the vulnerabilities faced by HIV-positive parents in families and the strategies they use to manage these circumstances in Bangladesh. A qualitative research design was used to analyse in-depth interviews with 19 HIV-positive parents who lived with their children in Khulna and Dhaka, Bangladesh. The findings indicate...

Background It is now commonly accepted that there exists a form of drug supply, that involves the non-commercial supply of drugs to friends and acquaintances for little or no profit, which is qualitatively different from profit motivated ‘drug dealing proper’. ‘Social supply’, as it has become known, has a strong conceptual footprint in the United...

Drawing on Raewyn Connell’s Southern Theory (2007), Carrington et al. (British Journal of Criminology, 56(1), 1–20, 2015) have called for a de-colonization and democratization of criminological knowledge, which, they argue, has privileged the epistemologies of the global North. Taking up the challenge of “southern criminology,” in this paper we exa...

In the contemporary world of high-speed communication technologies and porous national borders, empire building has shifted from colonizing territories to colonizing knowledge. Hence the question of whose voices, experiences and theories are reflected in discourse is more important now than ever before. Yet the global production of knowledge in the...

Much has been written about Aboriginal night patrols in recent decades; this has typically been ethnographic or evaluative. However, little work has been done to situate night patrols against wider historic trends in criminal justice and theorize their contribution in relation to neoliberal regimes of justice. Drawing on data collected as part of a...

Questions of race and crime in Australia largely revolve around indigenous peoples. Australian criminologists cannot escape racial terminology which divides the population into groupings and largely ignores the complex ways in which Indigenous justice is experienced and practiced in diverse contexts. While there has been much research into Aborigin...

The first comprehensive collection of its kind, this handbook addresses the problem of knowledge production in criminology, redressing the global imbalance with an original focus on the Global South. Issues of vital criminological research and policy significance abound in the Global South, with important implications for South/North relations as w...

While male sex work (MSW) is a highly gendered practice involving the commodification of the male body, masculinity has rarely been examined to understand this new occupational environment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty male independent internet-based escorts in Brisbane, Australia. Masculinity was used as a conceptual tool...

We use Weick’s sense-making and Lipsky’s street-level bureaucracy to tease out understandings and perspectives about youth night patrol services in New South Wales, Australia. We examine synergies, tensions, and contradictions in the different ways participants make sense of the purpose of youth night patrols and their role in service delivery. Alt...

Knowledge is a commodity and knowledge production does not occur in a geo-political vacuum. With respect to this, it has to be argued that neo-imperialism involves economic and knowledge flows across continuous space, which is transnational and distinct from the old forms of colonialism which were based on country-to-country occupation. In the cont...

The distribution of cannabis in Australia is examined with reference to motivations for supplying drugs. We argue that the distribution of cannabis in Australia is best understood with reference to the concept of social supply, where a supplier, not considered to be a ‘drug dealer proper’, brokers, facilitates or sells drugs, for little or no finan...

Sadly, in the 21st century we can still encounter nations supporting discourses and legal systems that criminalize two aspects of human sexual behaviour: same-sex relations and paid sex. However, a progressive agenda is emerging to reverse centuries of persecutions, stigmatization, and hate crime committed against groups considered to be ‘the other...

p>The last edition of the journal for 2016 is truly global, with authors from Norway, United States, England, Australia, Mexico and Canada. Articles deal with issues in these countries as well as in Africa, China, Europe, South America and South Korea; many articles also have global relevance. This trend is consistent with the increasing internatio...

This paper details a preliminary dataset of global male escort sites in order to give insight into the scale of the online market. We conducted a content analysis of 499 websites and also measured traffic to these sites. Our analysis examined the structural characteristics of escort services, geographical and regulatory contexts along with resilien...

This article presents a typology of different approaches to social crime prevention adopted by Australian Indigenous youth night patrols. Research that informed this typology occurred in a specific context, but generic observations about youth crime prevention policy are transferable to community youth crime prevention in other settings. The typolo...

In Australia, as elsewhere, retail markets for most illicit drugs including cannabis are often based upon friendships and occur in closed networks. Yet there is debate about whether ‘social supply’ should be limited to non-profit making by ‘friends’, and whether ‘minimally commercial supply’ is a more apt descriptor as many ‘social supply’ transact...

The representation of HIV/AIDS as a sexual and self-inflicted disease has drawn popular and scholarly attention to stigmatized populations. Little is known about the experiences of children with HIV-positive parents. This study reports on children’s experiences of living with HIV-positive parents within the family context of Bangladesh. A qualitati...

Drawing on Foucault’s conceptualisation of power, this paper examines public health as a distinctly modern regime of governance. An account of the historical regulation of drug use is traced in order to examine socio-historical shifts and lines of continuity in contemporary technologies of harm reduction. Using qualitative interview data, we examin...

Cannabis is the most prolifically used illicit drug in Australia, however, there is a gap in our understanding concerning the social interactions and friendships formed around its supply and use. The authors recruited cannabis users aged between 18 and 30 years throughout Australia, to explore the impact of supply routes on young users and their pe...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain neoplasm. Treatment options for this cancer are limited, and the five-year survival rate is less than 5%. Cannabinoid compounds have the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and selectively kill tumor cells while maintaining a favorable safety profile, making them attra...