John Mcneill

Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh

Two proposals to amend the Code in order to clarify the role of epitypes and to further nomenclatural stability with regard to epitypes and neotypes.

We propose to amend Art. 38.4 of the Code by allowing a request for a binding decision when it is doubtful whether a name was accepted by its author in the original publication.

We propose to amend Art. H.11.1 as follows: "“H.11.1. The name of a nothospecies of which the postulated or known parent species belong to different genera is either a combination of a nothogeneric name with a nothospecific epithet or a combination of a name of a hybridogenous genus with a nothospecific epithet.” A new Example is proposed. Some asp...

A formal proposal to correct the erroneous Echinocereus sanpedroensis example and to add explanations on cases of "types" represented by two-several gatherings.

A formal proposal to conserve the name Aria against Chamaemespilus and Torminalis (all formerly treated in Sorbus s.l., Rosaceae). If this proposal is accepted, the name Aria will be the correct name for a combined genus including Chamaemespilus and Torminalis, but it will not preclude the use of the two latter generic names for those who would pre...

Pandanus odorifer (Pandanaceae) is an economically important species distributed on coasts from India and Sri Lanka to South China through tropical Asian countries. Pandanus odoratissimus has been widely used as the accepted name for the species, but P. odoratissimus is in reality a superfluous and illegitimate name. No original material of P. odor...

General recommendations regarding proper type designation of names of taxa described by Turczaninow in his Animadversiones series of articles (as well as in some other publications) are provided. It is concluded that, as clearly indicated in the protologues, all (or almost all) taxa described in these publications are based on specimens from the pr...

Nomenclature of Abies densa was revised and found to be not validly published by Griffith in the protologue. Validation of Abies densa was clarified. Original material was located and this name was typified.

In 2014 Sukhorukov & Kushunina taxonomically restored the forgotten name Chenopodium pallidum applicable to a Himalayan taxon and designated its lectotype (a specimen in P) and also an epitype (in MW). However, in 2015 they published a correction to their article and demonstrated that the lectotype of C. pallidum in fact belongs to Atriplex and is...

These data base treats the Appendices I-VII of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). It is online at: < https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/botany/codes-proposals/>

The Special Committee on Publications Using a Largely Mechanical Method of Selection of Types (Art. 10.5(b)) (especially under the American Code) was established at the XVIII International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Melbourne in 2011, with the mandate to develop a list of works that are deemed to have followed the American Code and any similar cas...

Open-access online version - DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018

The Special Committee on Publications Using a Largely Mechanical Method of Selection of Types (Art.10.5(b))(especially under the American Code) was established at the XVIII International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Melbournein 2011, with the mandate to develop a list of works that are deemed to have followed the American Code and any similar cases...

The realization that a unified Code of nomenclature applicable to all organisms was ideal emerged during a meeting of the IUBS/IUMS International Committee on Bionomenclature (ICB) held in Egham (UK) in March 1994. Later that year, the IUBS General Assembly in Paris passed a resolution urging the ICB to "expedite work towards a unified system of bi...

A newly expanded digital resource exists for tracking decisions on all nomenclature proposals potentially contributing to Appendices II–VIII of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. This system owes its origins to the Smithsonian Institution’s “Proposals and Disposals” website created by Dan H. Nicolson to track conse...

The lycophyte Northern Quillwort (Isoetes septentrionalis D. F. Brunton, sp. nov.) is the northern component of the riverbank Quillwort (I. riparia) complex. it is locally abundant in southeastern Ontario and southwestern Quebec and is also widely distributed in the northeastern united States. in Canada, it is largely confined to river and lake sho...

Introduction The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (the Melbourne Code, McNeill & al., in prep.) and its pre-decessor, the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (the Vienna Code, McNeill & al. in Regnum Veg. 146. 2006), provide for requests to be made for rulings on the application of two provisions of the Code....

PrefaceThis is the official Report on the deliberations and decisions of the ten sessions of the Nomenclature Section of the XVII International Botanical Congress held in Vienna, Austria, from 12–16 July 2005. The meetings of the Section took place on these five consecutive days prior to the Congress proper. The Section meetings were hosted by the...

As specification of a holotype has only been necessary for valid publication of a name of a species or infraspecific taxon since 1 January 1990, for names published before that date it is often uncertain if a holotype exists, and, if it does, where it is located. The rules governing holotype recognition are outlined and suggestions for best practic...

A number of new taxa were recently described from the tribe Ornithogaleae of the subfamily Scilloideae in the Asparagaceae, with names following the generic classification by Martínez-Azorín et al. (2011). Manning & Goldblatt (2013) subsequently provided new combinations to enable a transfer of these taxa to an alternative generic classification sy...

The abolition of the separate naming of different morphs of the same fungal species in 2011 will inevitably result in many name changes in some genera. The working practices commended here are intended to minimize one category of these changes, that which can arise as a consequence of an author using the epithet of an asexual morph when describing...

Online edition available at http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are made every six years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met from 18–22 July 2011. Several important changes were made to the Code at this meeting that will affect pu...

A set of terms recommended for use in facilitating communication in biological nomenclature is presented as a table showing broadly equivalent terms used in the traditional Codes of nomenclature. These terms are intended to help those engaged in naming across organism groups, and are the result of the work of the International Committee on Bionomen...

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

A peer-reviewed open-access journal

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Résumé Les changements au Code International de Nomenclature Botanique sont décidés tous les 6 ans aux Sections de Nomenclature associées aux Congrès Internationaux de Botanique (CIB). Le XVIIIe CIB se tenait à Melbourne, Australie; la Section de Nomenclature s’est réunie les 18-22 juillet 2011 et ses décisions ont été acceptées par le Congrès en s...

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every six years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met from 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 J...

Abstract— Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every six years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18‐22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session...

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every six years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met from 18 to 22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 3...

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18–22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July....

The taxonomic status of Euphrasia borealis, E. nemorosa, and E. stricta in eastern North America has been the subject of considerable controversy. A sample of 184 operational taxonomic units were scored for 58 morphological characters, and the resulting data matrix was subjected to cluster and principal component analyses. Two groups were recognize...

A reexamination of the phenetic relationships among the previously recognized infraspecific taxa of Euphrasia randii using principal component analyses and four clustering methods indicates that the recognition of these infraspecific taxa is unwarranted. This complex exists as one morphologically variable taxon, E. randii.

The Polygonum lapathifolium complex consists of populations that are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and that have been classified at different taxonomic levels. Allozyme data were used to test the current North American taxonomic status of members of the complex (including P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium, P. lapathifolium var. sa...

The Stachys palustris L. complex in North America is composed of diploids, tetraploids, and hexaploids with the base number x = 17. Hexaploids are identical to S. palustris L. of Europe and are weedy plants introduced from that continent. Diploid and tetraploid plants of this complex are native to North America and should be referred to other speci...

As part of a systematic investigation of the genus Gymnocarpium in North America, a survey of chromatographic profiles in species and hybrids of the genus was initiated. It was established through cluster analysis and ordination of the phenolic data that morphologically distinguishable taxa of Gymnocarpium can be recognized by their chromatographic...

Seedlings of 31 taxa of Phaseolus and Vigna were grown in light (cool-white fluorescent, 600 lx) at 20 °C under a 16-h photoperiod. Anthocyanin pigmentation was present in all 9 taxa (6 species) of Phaseolus and in 22 taxa (12 species) of Vigna. Pigmentation appeared in less than 1 week and was usually intense in Phaseolus seedlings. Most Vigna see...

A total of 183 chromosome counts on plants representing nine species of Polygonum section Polygonum in eastern Canada and the United States is presented. Documented counts are published here for the first time for P. franktonii (2n = 60) and P. neglectum (2n = 40 and 60). In addition, previously unreported counts for P. achoreum (2n = 60), P. avicu...

Evidence is presented from numerical studies of herbarium and cultivated specimens and from observations on time of flowering that North American weed populations of white cockle are referable to the European Silene alba (≡ Lychnis alba ≡ Melandrium album) and are not, as has been suggested, the products of hybridization between that species and S....

Pollen size, type and number of apertures, and exine thickness are reported for 25 species representative of all four subgenera of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae) and of the related genera Honkenya and Wilhelmsia. The pollen of the species of Minuartia subgenus Rhodalsine is trizonocolpate with a relatively thin exine and it differs from that of all ot...

Using a variety of clustering and ordination techniques on data from 37 species or species complexes recognized within the Portulacaceae tribe Montieae, a classification is proposed in which two genera, Claytonia and Montia, are recognized. Claytonia is distinguished from Montia by the possession of a basal leaf rosette, a scape-like stem with a pa...

Preamble 1. Biology requires a precise, coherent and simple system for the naming of organisms used internationally, dealing both with the nomenclatural terms and with the scientific names that are applied to the individual taxonomic groups of organisms ( taxa , singular taxon ).