John W Lounsbury

• Michigan State University Ph.D
• Professor (Full) at University of Tennessee at Knoxville

Based on a sample of 330 freshman students enrolled in a First-Year Studies Program, 32 of 38 extracurricular activities of students were found to be significantly related to sense of identity, including those pertaining to socializing, religious/spiritual activities, leisure pursuits, study groups, volunteering, sports, traveling, and passive ente...

Based on a sample of 1,834 undergraduates, the Big Five personality traits of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Openness were found to be significantly but differentially related to seven outcome variables: life satisfaction, college satisfaction, GPA, Sense of Identity, intention to withdraw from school, grad...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically compare managers with employees in other occupations on Big Five and narrow personality traits to identify a distinctive personality profile for managers. Design/methodology/approach – An archival data set representing employees in a wide range of business sectors and organizations was utiliz...

Despite the centrality of service-profit chain research in the services and hospitality literatures, the role of managers in the service chain remains under-researched. This paper examines the impact of customer service orientation, initiating structure, tenure potential, and managerial relational orientation on the job performance of managers in t...

While there is a fairly extensive literature on core competencies of librarians, there is a paucity of research on personality traits that distinguish them from those in other occupations. The present study compared the personality traits of 88 librarians with a general norm group using the 16 PF, a widely researched normal-personality inventory. W...

The person–job fit literature indicates that job satisfaction is contingent on the congruence between the individual and the job. We propose that interpersonal job context, the extent to which incumbents are exposed to social interaction on the job, magnifies the relationship between extraversion and job satisfaction. Using two large archival data...

As careers in training and development (T&D) continue to evolve, almost no human resource development (HRD) research has investigated personality traits in today's T&D occupations, despite evidence linking personality with work success. Toward filling this lacuna, we identified four Big Five personality traits and four narrow traits with content ma...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between personality traits and both job and career satisfaction among salespeople. The authors also wished to examine the extent to which biologically based personality traits provided insights into job and career satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used lat...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in personality and career satisfaction between quality managers and workers in other fields based on Person-Environment Fit theory. Design/methodology/approach – Field study: personality and career satisfaction data for 965 quality managers were compared with those for a sample of o...

Drawing on Holland’s (1985) vocational theory, Schneider’s (1987) ASA model, and the Big Five / narrow traits model of personality, the present study examined key Big Five and narrow traits that distinguish 12,695 IT professionals from 73,140 individuals in other occupations. IT professionals had significantly higher levels of agreeableness and tou...

Based on a sample of 2036 college students at a large Southeastern university, learner self-regulation was found to be significantly related to four of the big five traits: agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness—as well as five narrow personality traits: sense of identity, optimism, tough-mindedness, work drive, and maj...

The present study addresses the relationship between learner self-direction and other personality traits of college students when the traits represented by the five-factor model of personality are differentiated from narrow personality traits. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used with a sample of 2,102 college students to examine...

Background: Sales managers are crucial for producing positive sales outcomes for companies. However, there has been a relative dearth of scholarly investigations into the personal attributes of sales managers. Such information could prove important in the recruitment, selection, training needs identification, career planning, counseling, and devel...

Objective: Drawing on prior occupational choice research on entrepreneurs and self-employed business owners, we examined personality predictors of their occupational business success and work satisfaction. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURES: A sample of 147 small business owners completed a web-based assessment of 14 work-related personality traits--adap...

Purpose – The purpose of the present study is to identify key personality traits which distinguish customer service (CS) employees from other occupations and are related to their career satisfaction. As hypothesized, 2,610 CS employees were differentiated from other occupational groups by higher levels of conscientiousness, customer service orienta...

Drawing on Holland's vocational theory, Schneider's Attraction-Selection-Attrition model, and the Big Five/narrow traits model of personality, the present study identified key Big Five and narrow personality traits that both distinguish scientists from members of other occupations and related these to their career satisfaction. A sample of 2,015 sc...

In an attempt to further investigate collegiate athletes' quality of life a 15-item Athlete Life Quality Scale (ALQS) was developed and administered to 159 Division I collegiate athletes. Principal components factor analysis was used to initially identify factors relating to athletes' quality of life and then varimax orthogonal rotation was perform...

Using data from 120 undergraduate psychology majors and 1,916 non-psychology majors at a large Southeastern university and based on Holland's (1996) person-environment fit model, we examined whether the two groups differed on the Big Five model of personality and four narrow personality traits. For psychology majors, we investigated the relationshi...

The present study investigated personality traits in relation to the career satisfaction of accountants. In a sample of 684 accounting professionals, all of the Big Five traits (Agreeableness/Teamwork, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Openness) and four narrow traits (Assertiveness, Customer-Service Orientation, Optimism, a...

Drawing on Holland’s (1985, 1996) vocational theory and based on a sample of 9,011 IT professionals, two research questions were investigated. On what personality traits do IT professionals differ from other occupations and which of these are also related to their career satisfaction? Five traits met both these criteria—Emotional Resilience, Openne...

To examine the Big Five personality traits and performance anxiety in relation to marching arts satisfaction. Participants: Data were collected from 278 instrumentalists (i.e., brass players and percussionists) and color guard performers (e.g., dancers) representing six world class drum and bugle corps. Participants completed three measures: the Ad...

Abstract: Turnover process models have been appearing in the organizational literature since the 1950s. A review of this conceptual literature was performed. Consensus analysis revealed a high level of cross-model agreement on the importance of three standard turnover-theory components (i.e., employee morale, labor-market mechanisms, intentions to...

200 Journal of Education for Business n the present study, we compared the Big Five model of personali-ty (agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, open-ness; De Raad, 2000) and narrow per-sonality traits of business majors with other students. In recent years, there has been a growing body of research on personality tra...

In a sample of 155 world-class drum and bugle corps performers, we studied marching music-related injuries in relation to the Big Five personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, and openness). Correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed concurrent relationships between the Big Five personality...

Based on Holland's theorizing that vocational satisfaction arises from a good match between one's personality and career choice, one purpose of the study was to examine broad and narrow personality traits that characterize health care workers in comparison with professionals from other occupations. Also investigated were ways in which characteristi...

The focus of this study was to determine whether aggression adds incremental validity above and beyond the Big Five personality factors in predicting grades. An archival data analysis was used in this study. The data consisted of a sample of eighth grade students. The students completed the Personal Style Inventory Adolescent (PSI-A), which is a 12...

Using data from 347 undergraduate business majors and 2,252 nonbusiness majors at a large Southeastern university, the authors drew on J. L. Holland's (1985) vocational theory and investigated whether the 2 groups differed on the Big Five model of personality (B. De Raad, 2000; agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, op...

Based on a sample of 237 university undergraduate students, we examined the 24 Values in Action (VIA) character strengths in relation to two indices of academic success--student satisfaction and grade point average (GPA). All 24 character strengths were positively and significantly related to General Life Satisfaction; 22 were significantly, positi...

Drawing on Holland's (1985, 1996) vocational theory and based on a sample of 9,011 IT professionals, two research questions were investigated. On what personality traits do IT professionals differ from other occupations and which of these are also related to their career satisfaction? Five traits met both these criteria-Emotional Resilience, Openne...

Occupational choice frameworks suggest that personality factors influence person-job fit. This paper focuses on personality factors and career satisfactions of human resources (HR) managers. ‘Big Five’ and narrow personality traits as well as managerial style variables were drawn from an archive of 1846 HR managers and 1375 non-managers. Results in...

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate whether academic reference librarians, archivists, catalogers, distance education librarians, public librarians, records managers, school librarians, special collections librarians, and systems librarians differ in personality traits measured by the Personal Style Inventory: i.e. adaptability, assertiveness,...

Based on a sample of 330 freshman students enrolled in a First-Year Studies Program, 32 of 38 extracurricular activities of students were found to be significantly related to sense of identity, including those pertaining to socializing, religious/spiritual activities, leisure pursuits, study groups, volunteering, sports, traveling, and passive ente...

Based on a sample of 2,092 college students, Sense of Identity was found to be significantly related to the Big Five traits (Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Openness) as well as four narrow personality traits (Aggression, Optimism, Tough-Mindedness, and Work Drive). Results of multiple regression analyses in...

Aggression has a long history in academic research as both a criterion and a predictor variable and it is well documented that aggression is related to a variety of poor academic outcomes such as: lowered academic performance, absenteeism and lower graduation rates. However, recent research has implicated physical aggression as being predictive of...

Personality traits were examined in relation to job satisfaction and career satisfaction for 1059 information technology (IT) professionals. As hypothesized, eight traits were significantly related to both job and career satisfaction: Assertiveness, Emotional Resilience, Extraversion, Openness, Teamwork Disposition, Customer Service Orientation, Op...

Based on 164 undergraduate business majors, we examined the relationship between satisfaction with major and Holland's vocational interests and with the Big Five and narrow personality traits. Contrary to our hypothesis, enterprising scores were unrelated to major satisfaction. As hypothesized, using ipsative and normative scores, investigative, ar...

Peer evaluations show promise as valid, reliable measures of performance, but users' resistance to peer evaluations may limit their use. This study investigated employees' acceptance of the practice of peer ratings, and factors related to this acceptance. Subjects were 174 faculty of a university where faculty peer evaluations had been practiced fo...

The relationship between Internet usage and the Big Five as well as three narrow personality traits was examined using 117 undergraduates as study participants. Results indicated that total Internet usage was negatively related to three of the Big Five traits – Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion as well as two narrow traits – Optimi...

Scale development This chapter addresses the topic of scale development. Although much of what we present here can be applied to the topic of test development, our focus is not on measuring maximal performance assessed by tests of achievement, aptitude, and ability but on measuring typical performance assessed by personality instruments. Our emphas...

The main purpose of this study was to correlate a newly developed, simple, but comprehensive screening test for dementia called the Self Test (ST) with the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), and establish the reliability and validity of the ST. The ST was administered to 42 consecutive new referrals to the memory clinic at the Cole Neuroscience...

Based on a sample of 532 undergraduates at a Southeastern U.S. university, Big Five and narrow personality traits were examined in relation to a measure of satisfaction with specific domains of college experience (College Satisfaction) and a measure of General Life Satisfaction. Four of the Big Five traits—Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotiona...

Based on a sample of 532 undergraduates at a Southeastern U.S. university, Big Five and narrow personality traits were examined in relation to a measure of satisfaction with specific domains of college experience (College Satisfaction) and a measure of General Life Satisfaction. Four of the Big Five traits-Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotiona...

We examined personality traits important for the job performance of summer camp counselors, including several of the Big Five and narrow personality traits. Performance was based on two composite scales: social performance and task performance. The personality traits of work drive, extraversion, nurturance, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were...

This study examined the relationships between the (broad) Big Five traits and the narrow personality traits of Optimism and Work Drive in relation to cognitive ability in a US adolescent sample of 457 middle school and 375 high school students. All of the personality traits were significantly correlated with cognitive ability in both the middle and...

This study collected data on personality characteristics, job satisfaction, and career satisfaction from more than 1,300 information professionals. Respondents included academic reference librarians, archivists, catalogers, distance education librarians, public librarians, records managers, school media specialists, special librarians, systems libr...

s a discipline, records and information management (RIM) professionals are not much given to intro-spection. "Why do I like doing records-related work?" "What makes someone attracted to records management or archives management?" "What personal characteristics should one look for when interviewing appli-cants for a records management or archives po...

s a discipline, records and information management (RIM) professionals are not much given to intro-spection. "Why do I like doing records-related work?" "What makes someone attracted to records management or archives management?" "What personal characteristics should one look for when interviewing appli-cants for a records management or archives po...

A conceptual model proposing paths from personality traits to career satisfaction and life satisfaction and from career satisfaction to life satisfaction was evaluated in a field study by structural equations modeling using LISREL 8. Participants were a convenience sample of 1,352 information science professionals. An exploratory maximum likelihood...

We examined the Big Five personality traits of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Openness, as well as four narrower traits of Aggression, Optimism, Tough-Mindedness, and Work Drive in relation to absences from school for middle- and high-school students. Participants were 248 seventh grade students, 321 tenth...

We examined the Big Five (De Raad, 2000) personality traits of Agreeableness, Consci-entiousness, Emotional Stability, Extra-version, and Openness, plus the narrow personality traits of Aggression, Career-Decidedness, Optimism, Self-Directed Learning, Sense of Identity, Tough-Minded-ness, and Work Drive in relation to inten-tion to withdraw from co...

Using six studies based on 23,823 individuals in diverse settings, we developed and validated a personality measure of Work Drive—a disposition to work long hours and extend oneself for one's job. The factor structure was confirmed in four settings. Work Drive was related to job performance showing incremental validity beyond cognitive aptitude and...

A conceptual model proposing paths from personality traits to career satisfaction and life satisfaction as well as from career satisfaction to life satisfaction was evaluated in a field study by structural equations modeling using LISREL 8. A convenience sample of 1,352 information science professionals served as participants. An exploratory maximu...

Big Five personality traits were analyzed in relation to career decidedness among adolescents in middle and high school. Participants were 248 seventh-grade, 321 tenth-grade, and 282 twelfth-grade students. As hypothesized, Conscientiousness was positively and significantly correlated with career decidedness in all three grades. Openness and Agreea...

This study examined intelligence and personality in relation to career and job satisfaction. Using a sample of 36 managers and 100 hourly employees of a utility company, the correlation between career satisfaction and intelligence was not significant for the total sample, but was significantly negative for hourly employees (r=−0.30, p<0.01), and si...

General intelligence, Big Five personality constructs, and a measure of work drive were studied in relation to course grade in an undergraduate psychology course taught by the same professor for 175 students over a 5-year period. Using a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, general intelligence accounted significantly for 16% of the variance...

In this study we examine the relationship between psychological sense of community (PSC) and Big Five personality traits as well as absences from school. Based on samples of 646 high school students and 355 undergraduate college students, PSC was significantly related to Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism in both sample...

PLEASE REDUCE ABSTRACT TO 150 WORDS OR LESS This field study examined personality traits in relation to career satisfaction and job satisfaction for a sample of 5,932 individuals in career transition. Results indicated a consistent significant relationship between personality and career satisfaction as well as job satisfaction, both in the total sa...

Using data from 3,752 middle and high school students, a series of eight studies developed and validated a measure of the Big Five personality traits tailored to adolescents, the Adolescent Personal Style Inventory (APSI). Study 1 tested the internal consistency reliability of the first version of the APSI. Study 2 validated the APSI against teache...

Using data from 3752 middle and high school students, a series of eight studies developed and validated a measure of the Big Five personality traits tailored to adolescents, the Adolescent Personal Style Inventory (APSI). Study 1 tested the internal consistency reliability of the first version of the APSI. Study 2 validated the APSI against teacher...

An empirical test of Munson and Rubenstein's (1992) assertion that 'school is work' compared a sample of students in a high school with a sample of workers in a manufacturing plant in the same metropolitan area. Data from both samples included scores on six personality traits—Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness, Emotional Stability, Optimism...

Aggression, Optimism, Tough-Mindedness, and Work Drive. All traits correlated significantly (p<.01) with GPA among both seventh- and tenth-graders. The Big Five traits together accounted for 15% and 10%, respectively, of variance in GPA among 7th and 10th graders. Consistent with prior research, narrow traits accounted for 8% and 12%, respectively,...

An empirical test of Munson and Rubenstein's (1992) assertion that 'school is work' compared a sample of students in a high school with a sample of workers in a manufacturing plant in the same metropolitan area. Data from both samples included scores on six personality traits—Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness, Emotional Stability, Optimism...

The current study examined one possible explanation for the lack of stability found to date in the relationship between Openness to Experience, a second-order Big Five personality factor, and job performance. An organizational setting and geographic locale were chosen, a priori, to reflect a condition that would increase the potential for openness...

The current study examined one possible explanation for the lack of stability found to date in the relationship between Openness to Experience, a second-order Big Five personality factor, and job performance. An organizational setting and geographic locale were chosen, a priori, to reflect a condition that would increase the potential for openness...

A 50-item questionnaire measuring athletes' attitudes toward seeking a sport psychology consultant (SPC) was initially developed and then administered to 48 African American and 177 Caucasian 17–23 yr old student-athletes at a NCAA Division I university. Principal components factor analyses were conducted to extract initial factors and then varimax...

A scale to measure psychological sense of community (PSC) for colleges and universities was developed. Based on responses of 198 undergraduate students, factor-analysis was used to derive a 14-item scale (coefficient alpha = .88), which was given to another student sample of 98 undergraduates (alpha = .90). This collegiate PSC scale was administere...

A scale to measure psychological sense of community (PSC) for colleges and universities was developed. Based on responses of 198 undergraduate students, factor‐analysis was used to derive a 14‐item scale (coefficient alpha = .88), which was given to another student sample of 98 undergraduates (alpha = .90). This collegiate PSC scale was administere...

Statistically significant differences on the basis of race and gender were found for stigma tolerance, one of three dimensions of athlete attitude variance toward seeking sport psychology consultation.

Examined the psychological sense of community (PSC) on the college campus, in relation to membership in a fraternity or sorority, private vs public school enrollment, living on vs off campus, in-state vs out-of-state status, type of major, class level, and gender. 1121 undergraduate students, from 23 colleges in 14 states, completed a 14 item scale...

Following a classical approach to the conceptualization of human needs, we adapted Beard and Ragheb's (1983) Leisure Motivation Scale to measure expressed needs prior to a vacation and met needs following a vacation in four domains: social, intellectual, competence mastery, and stimulus avoidance. All four met‐needs measures were significantly rela...

This study commented on Utecht and Aldag's (1989) vacation-discrepancy study. We adapted Beard and Ragheb's 1983 leisure motivation scale to the study of vacations. Using a person's vacation as a frame of reference, prevacation expectations and postvacation satisfactions were studied in a convenience sample of 40 working adults and 146 college stud...

We identified one global evaluative measure that did not vary by sex, age, education, or occupation subgroup. More positive attitudes were associated with the participants' being told how the tests related to job performance and being given feedback on test performance. According to a "known-groups" validation, persons failing tests and not receivi...

The relationship of a vacation to global and domain-specific life satisfaction was examined. Comparison of pre-and postvacation measures indicated an increase in global life satisfaction and a slight increase in satisfaction within the domain of money, but no significant change in the domains of marriagel/family, work, leisure, community, or outdoo...

As a departure from previous approaches to the study of work/leisure definitions, perceptions of work and leisure were studied with respect to an activity relatively consistent in terms of task characteristics (high school and college/university basketball). Task attributes which distinguished perceptions of involvement as work, leisure or both wer...

This study investigated four factors predicted to influence executive decision making concerning geographic transfers when married employees are involved. One hundred and fifty-one executives completed a series of "inbasket" decision-making tasks which described geographic transfer situations. Their ratings of geographic transfers were found to be...

Examined the 5-yr stability of leisure participation and motivation factors among 139 community residents. As measured by a list of 113 leisure activities based on the Leisure Activities Blank, 5 participation factors comprising sports/recreation, easy living, domestic, organizational, and intellectual activities showed 5-yr stability coefficients...

Compared pre- and postvacation measures in 6 areas: job satisfaction, job involvement (measured as central life interest [JIC] and as importance of performance to self-esteem), organizational commitment, turnover intention, and life satisfaction. Responses obtained from 92 female and 36 male employees (mean age 39 yrs) in technical, administrative,...

Three expectancy-value models were applied to attitudes toward a nuclear power plant in a sample of residents that twice completed a survey at 5-year intervals. Attitudes were predominantly favorable at the first survey but became predominantly negative over time. A basic expectancy-value model and two extensions of the model based on factor scores...

Examined vacation satisfaction in relation to demographic, work-related, and vacation-related variables. Data were obtained from 129 respondents (mean age 39 yrs) to both pre- and post-vacation questionnaires. Five vacation satisfaction factors were revealed. Overall vacation satisfaction was most strongly related to satisfaction with relaxation an...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the three determinants of consumer satisfaction, i.e. Predictive Expectations, Normative Expectations and Comparative Expectations. This study applied the confirmation of expectations paradigm to each of the types of expectations. The efficacy of the paradigm in the prediction of consumer satisfaction is exam...

Initial and 5-year follow-up interviews were conducted with 213 residents of the host community for a nuclear power plant. The purpose was to determine possible changes in attitudes toward the plant and expectations about potential outcomes associated with construction. Large negative changes in attitudes toward the plant were noted and were accomp...

This study focused on job satisfaction and nonwork satisfaction in relation to intention to turnover. Based on findings of a “spillover” relationship between work and leisure and on previous research on job satisfaction, three hypotheses were formulated and tested: 1) Job satisfaction is significantly related to intention to turnover; 2) nonwork sa...

The present study examined the community mental health ideology presented in high school health textbooks. A content analysis of texts in national use revealed that a hygiene model of mental health predominated. Further, substantial attention was devoted to drugs and alcohol as central issues for high school students, with particular emphasis on pr...

The expectations of individuals involved in a relationship have long been regarded as important to the initiation and continuance of that relationship. This study examined the expectations regarding the benefits, time and money spent, and duration of the relationship between the volunteer and the single parent family involved in a Big Brother—Big S...

A content analysis was conducted on all 478 empirical articles published from 1973 through 1978 in the American Journal of Community Psychology and the Journal of Community Psychology. Results indicate a substantial emphasis on policy analysis/research and program evaluation. The delivery of mental health services was extensively researched; howeve...

The present investigation examined the applicability of Fishbein and Ajzen's attitudes-subjective norms model to the study of drug use for four substances. Participants in the study were 349 male and female undergraduates at a large Southeastern university in the United States in 1977. Results strongly supported the model, with multiple R's of .69,...

Surveying 288 residents (median age 46 yrs) of a small community where a nuclear power plant is under construction, this study examined the relationship of residents' knowledge about the installation and (a) acceptance of the nuclear plant and (b) perceived likelihood of potential effects of the plant. Results of standardized home interviews by loc...

As part of a longitudinal study of the social and psychological effects of a nuclear plant in Hartsville, Tennessee, this study examined the relationship between avowed life satisfaction and acceptance of a nuclear plant and perceptions about the likelihood of its potential effects. Subjects were 288 residents of the Hartsville area who were privat...