John Lattke

• PhD Entomology, U California, Davis, USA
• Professor (Full) at Federal University of Paraná

The genus Camponotus exhibits remarkable morphological diversity , having minor and major workers with wide allometric variation. This study focuses on the subgenus Myrmocladoecus, particularly Camponotus latangulus, characterised by significant morphological variation. Using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we explore whether this variation ind...

Neotropical ants of the genus Neoponera are best known for their diverse behavior and external morphology. Seven species-groups are currently recognized: aenescens, apicalis, crenata, emiliae, foetida, laevigata, and rostrata. The apicalis group was taxonomically treated by Wild in 2005, the foetida group was partially revised by Fernandes et al. i...

We provide updated diagnoses for the senex-, burtoni-and dimorphus-groups of Camponotus (Myrmobrachys). Dichotomous keys for the C. (Myrmobrachys) groups and species of the dimorphus-group, based on type-specimens are provided. Two new species of the dimorphus-group are described, Camponotus cameloides sp. nov. and Camponotus hyalus sp. nov. We cla...

We provide a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical species of Odontomachus, including description of gynes, their wing venation, and description of males. We examined 2633 workers, 156 gynes, and 142 males, resulting in four new species, which are described here: O. chicomendesi sp. nov., O. cupreus sp. nov., O. dubius sp. nov. and O. xeta sp. nov....

We review the taxonomy of the Neotropical species of the genus Pachycondyla. A new species (Pachycondyla beneditoi sp. n.) is described. Ponera pilosa new syn. is synonymized with P. crassinoda, based on a type male. Pachycondyla fuscoatra is redescribed and its distinctness from P. impressa is discussed. Pachycondyla harpax is still a taxonomic pr...

We provide an update on the famelica species group, redescribing Leptogenys famelica Emery, 1896 and describing a new species, Leptogenys pujoli n. sp., based on worker specimens. The new species is smaller than L. famelica and can be distinguished by the indistinct mesometanotal suture, and the petiolar node with an anterodorsal margin mostly stra...

A list of ant species collected in caves at different localities of Minas Gerais state, Brazil is presented, based on specimens deposited in the Entomological Collection Padre Jesus Santiago Moure (DZUP). Of the 51 species/morphospecies found, two are new records for the state. We encourage an increase in ant collection efforts in Brazilian caves u...

Background Ponerine ants are almost exclusively predatory and comprise many of the largest known ant species. Within this clade, the genus Neoponera is among the most conspicuous Neotropical predators. We describe the first fossil member of this lineage: a worker preserved in Miocene-age Dominican amber from Hispaniola. Results Neoponera vejestori...

Army ants are keystone predators in the tropics and subtropics. During reproduction, males fly between colonies to mate with unmated, wingless queens. The males of most species are attracted to lights, and thus their presence and the timing of reproduction can be monitored using light traps. Previous studies examined the seasonality of army ant mal...

Leptogenys elzasoaresnew species, is described from workers and a male collected near Manaus in the Brazilian Amazon. The worker is recognizable by the presence of 12 chaetae (stout setae) on the clypeal median lobe, the straight mandible, and its bicolored body; the head and mesosoma are black while the gaster is brightly ferruginous. For the firs...

Invertebrates constitute the majority of animal species and are critical for ecosystem functioning and services. Nonetheless, global invertebrate biodiversity patterns and their congruences with vertebrates remain largely unknown. We resolve the first high-resolution (~20-km) global diversity map for a major invertebrate clade, ants, using biodiver...

The Neotropical Neoponera laevigata species-group is revised. This group can be separated from others in the genus by means of a new key to Neoponera species–groups. We propose two new species, N. gojira sp. nov. , and N. mashpi sp. nov. , the latter being usually confused with its putative sister species, N. laevigata (Smith). This small, termite-...

The monotypic ant genus Igaponera gen. nov. is proposed to include its type species I. cu-riosa (Mackay & Mackay, 2010). Igaponera gen. nov. is described and phylogenetically compared with other ponerine genera based on external morphology. The type species is known from a single gyne originally described in the genus Pachycondyla Smith, 1858. Igap...

The taxonomy of the giant ants of the genus Dinoponera is revised based on female and male morphology. Eight species are recognized. Dinoponera nicinha sp. nov., from Amazonas and Rondônia, Brazil, is described and D. grandis (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) is revived. The species D. australis Emery, 1901 and D. snellingi Lenhart, Dash & Mackay, 2013, plu...

Resumen: Se describe la morfología externa de la reina de Strumigenys abditivata (Bolton, 2000), no descrita hasta la fecha. Además de las diferencias habituales entre castas, la reina tiene una hinchazón cefálica más grande que la obrera. Esta especie, endémica del sur de Brasil, es raramente colectada. Se aporta un nuevo registro de la especie en...

The taxonomic boundaries of many Neotropical ant species of the genus Tapinoma are still unclear. Tap-inoma atriceps and T. atriceps breviscapum are two morphologically similar taxa which occur sympatrically in the southern Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Some characters such as the scape length and head shape suggest that these taxa may be different sp...

• Temporal segregation of species' activity periods may lessen interspecific competition. • e tested for temporal segregation among Neotropical army ants (Formicidae: Dorylinae). Co‐occurring species overlap on prey resources, and regular colony movements and long‐distance raiding increase interspecific interference. • We hypothesised interspecific...

The non-leaf-cutting fungus-growing ants deposited in two entomological collections in Colombia were curated and identified to assess their diversity in the country. We examined 680 specimens, identifying 41 species belonging to seven genera, bringing the total of fungus-growing ant species known from Colombia to 85. The following species are new r...

One of the largest species in its genus, Odontomachus davidsoni Hoenle, Lattke & Donoso, sp. nov. is described from workers and queens collected at lowland forests in the Chocó-Darién bioregion in coastal Ecuador. The workers are characterized by their uniform red coloration, their large size (16–18 mm body length), and their frontal head striation...

Genitalia include some of the most complex and morphologically diverse structures in insects, finding extensive use in taxonomy, but ant taxonomy is female biased and knowledge of the males is little explored, potentially depriving ant taxonomy of valuable information. We examine the male genital morphology of six species of Dinoponera and the vari...

Three new species and a new genus of “hell ants” (Haidomyrmecinae) are described from Cenomanian Burmese amber. Ceratomyrmex planus sp. nov. is the second species formally known for the genus and obliges a revision of the generic diagnosis. It can be recognized by its smaller size, the straight and shorter club-like cephalic horn, and flattened eye...

We describe, Gnamptogenys rugimala n. sp, a very distinct new species of the ectatommine genus Gnamptogenys, from specimens collected in forests of southeastern Brazil. We provide some data about G. rugimala n. sp occurrence and ecology as well as a species identification key for the mordax subgroup.

We report new records of Gnamptogenys caelata Kempf (1967) and Gnamptogenys minuta (Emery, 1896) from Brazil. We also describe Gnamptogenys piei n. sp. from Southeast Brazil. This distinctive new species is known only from a single worker found in leaf litter from montane forests of the Mantiqueira mountains in Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeir...

We report finding Strumigenys thaxteri Wheeler in the Amazonian foothills of southeastern Ecuador, over 2000 km to the west of previously known records for the species in Trinidad and Guyana. Field observations suggest it is a sit and wait ambush predator that captures insects that alight on the vegetation upon which they position themselves. Once...

The ants of the genus Protalaridris are revised based upon their morphology. Seven species are recognized; the type species (P. armata Brown, 1980) and six species described as new: P. aculeata Lattke & Alpert, sp. n., P. arhuaca Guerrero, Lattke & Alpert, sp. n., P. bordoni Lattke, sp. n., P. leponcei Delsinne & Lattke, sp. n., P. loxanensis Lattk...

Two new species of ants belonging to the genus Leptogenys are described: L. academica n. sp., and L. carioca n. sp., both belonging to the crudelis group. The former species is known from the city of Curitiba while the other species occurs in montane forests of the Itatiaia Plateau. We provide descriptions based on the worker caste, images, as well...

Taxonomy is a scientific discipline that has provided the universal naming and classification system of biodiversity for centuries and continues effectively to accommodate new knowledge. A recent publication by Garnett and Christidis [1] expressed concerns regarding the difficulty that taxonomic changes represent for conservation efforts and propos...

Until now 50 ant species have been recorded from the Galapagos Archipelago. Yet, for more than half of them it is still unclear if they are native to the Galapagos or if they are alien introductions. This uncertainty is due to, amongst others, the fact that the ant fauna of mainland South America is far less studied, which renders it difficult to u...

The male of the endangered ant Dinoponera lucida Emery is described, providing morphometric measurements, high-resolution images, and a distribution map of the species. This ant inhabits the Brazilian Atlantic forest, an ecosystem strongly impacted by fragmentation. The males show clear morphological differences from the known males of other specie...

Leafcutter ants propagate co-evolving fungi for food. The nearly 50 species of leafcutter ants (Atta, Acromyrmex) range from Argentina to the USA, with the greatest species diversity in southern South America. We elucidate the biogeography of fungi cultivated by leafcutter ants using DNA-sequence and microsatellite-marker analyses of 474 cultivars...

What forces structure ecological assemblages? A key limitation to general insights about assemblage structure is the availability of data that are collected at a small spatial grain (local assemblages) and a large spatial extent (global coverage). Here, we present published and unpublished data from 51,388 ant abundance and occurrence records of mo...

Three new species of the genus Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863 are described from southern China: Gnamptogenys dentihumera Chen, Lattke & Zhou, sp. n., Gnamptogenys nanlingensis Chen, Lattke & Zhou, sp. n. and Gnamptogenys quadrutinodules Chen, Lattke & Zhou, sp. n. A distribution map and an identification key to workers for the known species of China are...

En Ecuador aun es necesario seguir estudiando la biodiversidad, especialmente en temas poco estudiados como los insectos. La finalidad de este estudio es conocer la riqueza, abundancia y grupos funcionales de las hormigas en los bosques nublados de la Reserva Arcoíris y El Madrigal. Mediante el Protocolo All se recolectaron 19 especies de hormigas...

The current political and economic crisis in Venezuela has created unprecedented shortages of food and medicine besides alarming levels of crime. Academia is suffering massive brain drain and severe resource restrictions that are destroying decades of progress (Fraser 2016; Requena 2016). Natural history collections are also in dire straits and par...

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009;...

This plot is not part of the published stance but derives from it. The plot shows the number of authors by geographic region (courtesy of Dr. Diego Astua).

Two dry forests of southwestern Ecuador separated 43 km from each other, one situated at 460 m above sea level and the other at 680 m, are surveyed for ants giving a total of 28 species collected manually and from pitfall traps. Eleven species are shared between the sites whilst four are exclusive to one site and 13 to other. Differences in humidit...

We provide metadata for 110 COI barcodes for a collection of 38 ant species from Alamala, Laipuna, El Chilco, and Reserva Ecológica Arenillas (REA) in the south of Ecuador, sampled as part of ecological and taxonomical research on ant communities of Ecuadorian drylands. This paper contributes to the International Barcode of Life (iBOL) project, and...

Recently a new species of bombyliid fly, Marleyimyia xylocopae, was described by Marshall & Evenhuis (2015) based on two photographs taken during fieldwork in the Republic of South Africa. This species has no preserved holotype. The paper generated some buzz, especially among dipterists, because in most cases photographs taken in the field provide...

Taxonomic clarifications and natural history data dealing with some species of the genus Gnamptogenys are offered: Gnamptogenys bufonis (MANN, 1926) is synonymized under G. simulans (EMERY, 1896); G. vriesi BRANDÃO & LATTKE, 1990 is redescribed and illustrated with SEM and montage images, the peculiar morphology of its compound eye is discussed. Al...

The first checklist of genera of Hymenoptera from Espírito Santo state, Brazil is presented. A total of 973 genera of Hymenoptera is listed, of which 555 (57%) are recorded for the first time from this state. Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea are the two superfamilies with the most genera, 241 and 203 respectively. Braconidae, with 141 genera, are th...

Background: Ecuador has a great diversity of habitat, rough topography, and high species richness. Unfortunately, its ant fauna is poorly understood. Some taxa are morphologically difficult to identify (caste polymorphism, overlap between intraspecific variation and interspecific differentiation, uniform worker morphology, lack of recent taxonomic...

Two new species from the myrmicine ant genus Strumigenys found in cloud forests above 2000 m in southern Ecuador are described and illustrated. S. lojanensis n. sp. is a member of the gundlachi complex described from 8 workers and 2 queens. S. madrigalae n. sp. is a member of the schulzi group describe from 1 worker and 1 queen. Characters that per...

Many studies have focused on the impacts of climate change on biological assemblages, yet little is known about how climate interacts with other major anthropogenic influences on biodiversity, such as habitat disturbance. Using a unique global database of 1128 local ant assemblages, we examined whether climate mediates the effects of habitat distur...

Two new species from the myrmicine ant genus Strumigenys found in cloud forests above 2000 m in southern Ecuador are described and illustrated. S. lojanensis n. sp.is a member of the gundlachi complex described from 8 workers and 2 queens. S. madrigalae n. sp.is a member of the schulzi group described from 1 worker and 1 queen. Characters that...

Estas hormigas principalmente habitan bosques húmedos y anidan en materia orgánica, especialmente madera en descomposición; excepciones las constituye sulcata (F. Smith), que generalmente habita bosques secos, y anmophila n. sp., la cual fue hallada anidando en arena en sabanas de la Gran Sabana. Son hormigas depredadoras, que cazan artrópodos con...

ABSTRACT.-Management of invasive species is considered one of the great challenges deriving from Global Change that our societies currently face, besides deforestation and the warming of the atmosphere. Little is known about the invasive ants in continental Ecuador, despite the world-wide demonstrated aggressiveness, negative ecological impact, and...

There are incomplete data about ant taxonomy and diversity in the Caribbean islands of Venezuela. In order to broaden myrmecological information in the Peri-Caribbean arid belt, ground-dwelling ant assemblage of the Macanao semi-arid peninsula (Margarita Island) was sampled with a Rapid Assessment Program (RAP). Two study sites on the northern slop...

The new genus Kempfidris is described based on workers of a single species, K. inusualis (n. comb.), from Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Kempfidris inusualis was originally described by Fernández in 2007 and provisionally placed in Monomorium awaiting a better understanding of the internal relationships in Myrmicinae. Kempfidris has a series of di...

In xeric ecosystems, ant diversity response to aridity varies with rainfall magnitude and gradient extension. At a local scale and with low precipitation regimes, increased aridity leads to a reduction of species richness and an increased relative abundance for some ant species. In order to test this pattern in tropical environments, ant richness a...

The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils global biodiversity more than any other contemporary phenomenon. With deforestation advancing quickly, protected areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to hu...

Several ecological features make ants important elements in the functioning of arid and semi-arid ecosystems. However, knowledge about these insects in semiarid environments of Venezuela is poor. Hence, ant diversity was evaluated in three semiarid vegetation formations in the northern Paraguaná peninsula: thorn woodland, cactus scrub and desert. S...

Several ecological features make ants important elements in the functioning of arid and semi-arid ecosystems. However, knowledge about these insects in semiarid environments of Venezuela is poor. Hence, ant diversity was evaluated in three semiarid vegetation formations in the northen Paraguaná peninsula: thorn woodland, cactus scrub and desert. Si...

Autor Correspondencia: miguel.riera@estud.agr.ucv.ve Diversidad de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en la hojarasca y suelo de selvas nubladas de la Cordillera de la Costa, Venezuela. en 1225 m y 1450 m en dos bosques nublados de la Cordillera de la Costa, Venezuela, se exploró mediante tamizado de hojarasca y procesamiento con extractores mini W...

The New World species of the genus Leptogenys are revised based upon their external morphology. The genus is present from southern U.S.A. to northern Argentina, including the Caribbean and Galapagos Islands. Eighty-one species are recognized, 13 are synonymized, and 49 are described as new. The New World fauna can be divided into 12 informal specie...

Geographic and elevational variation in the local abundance of swarm-raiding army ants has implications for the population dynamics of their prey, as well as affecting the profitability of army-ant-following behavior for birds. Here, we analyze systematically collected data on E. burchellii and L. praedator raid rates from geographically and elevat...

Aim To use a fine-grained global model of ant diversity to identify the limits of our knowledge of diversity in the context of climate change. Location Global. Methods We applied generalized linear modelling to a global database of local ant assemblages to predict the species density of ants globally. Predictors evaluated included simple climate va...

1. Swarm-raiding army ants have long been considered as episodic, catastrophic agents of disturbance in the tropical litter, but few quantitative data exist on their diets, preferences, and, critically, their ability to deplete prey. 2. Here, we provide such data for two common species of swarm raiders broadly sympatric throughout the Neotropics: t...

Resumen Lattke JE, Kaspari M, O'Donnell S, Powell S. 2007. Las hormigas ecitoninas de Venezuela (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ecitoninae): elenco preliminar. Entomotropica 22(3): 153-170. Se presenta un elenco preliminar de especies de hormigas cazadoras de la subfamilia Ecitoninae para Venezuela con sus localidades de recolecta, mapas de distribución...

Abstract 1. Along with large wingless queens and group foraging raids, periodic colony movements or emigrations are a defining feature of army ant behaviour. Emigrations are important because they regulate spacing among colonies, and provide access to new foraging sites. 2. Raid and emigration activity of army ant communities was measured at four N...

The Neotropical minuta group of Gnamptogenys Roger is revised. A group synopsis for the workers is given, as well as a comparative table of characters that separate the group from the rest of Gnamptogenys. The possible evolutionary history of the nine species of the group is discussed. An identification key is included, and information for each spe...

The year 2007 saw the publication of what is one of the most inadequate papers that has ever been produced in ant taxonomy. The paper, by Makhan (2007), claims to describe six new species of the ant genus Pyramica Roger, from Suriname.

1. The New World army ants are top predators in the litter of tropical forest, but no comprehensive studies exist on variation in assemblage-wide activity and species composition. We used standardized protocols to estimate foraging raid rates and species composition of army ant communities in four Neotropical forests. The study sites spanned approx...

The army ant Eciton burchellii is one of the most conspicuous ant species in New World tropical forests, but studies of colony life histories have been hampered by the nomadic lifestyle of these ants, which alternate between a nomadic phase when the colony relocates frequently, and a statary phase when the colony remains at a fixed site. Here we re...

A dichotomous key is presented for identifying workers of recent species of the genus Gnamptogenys in the Americas. Included are 81 species with their known distribution. G. wilsoni Lattke, n. sp., is described.

Subfamilia Ponerinae s.str. CAPÍTULO 6 Fernández F. Grupo de hormigas cosmopolita y abundante especialmente en tierras bajas. Bolton (2003) restringe Ponerinae a las tribus Ponerini, Thaumatomyrmecini y Platythyreini. Las ponerinas en sentido amplio (los poneromorfos de Bolton 2003) poseen fusión tergosternal del tercer segmento abdominal (postpecí...

Se describen tres especies del género Platythyrea de piezas de ámbar de la República Dominicana: P. dentata sp. n., P. procera sp. n., y P. scalprum sp. n. Los datos presentados corroboran la disminución observada en el número de especies para otros géneros de hormigas al comparar la fauna fosilizada con la fauna actual de La Española.

A preliminary list of the army ants, Subfamily Ecitoninae, known for Venezuela is presented along with their locality records, distribution maps and some natural history data. There is a total of 30 species: one of Cheliomyrmex, six of Eciton, two of Labidus, 19 of Neivamyrmex, and two of Nomamyrmex. Eighteen species are recorded for the country fo...

Pogonomyrmex stefani sp.n. is described from gallery forests of the Orinoco Watershed in southern Venezuela. In contrast with other species of Pogonomyrmex MAYR, 1868 from northern South America that usually occur in more open, semiarid environments or occasionally in cloud forests, it nests in humid soil in the dense shade of gallery forest canopy...

Workers of the genus Cheliomyrmex are unique among the New world army ants (subfamily Ecitoninae) in that their mandibles are armed with elongate, spine-like teeth. We present the first prey records for this genus. Cheliomyrmex andicola prey on large-bodied ground dwelling invertebrates and, possibly, on vertebrates. Unlike other army ants, C. andi...

A new species of the ant genus Gnamptogenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with comments on the Colombian and Ecuatorian species. The species of the predatory ant genus Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863 from Colombia (42 species) and Ecuador (25 species) are diagnosed and presented, including their known geographical distribution. Gnamptogenys enodis, new specie...

The species of the predatory ant genus Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863 from Colombia (42 species) and Ecuador (25 species) are diagnosed and presented, including their known geographical distribution. Gnamptogenys enodis, new species from Colombia is described. Gnamptogenys stellae Lattke, 1995 is new record for Colombia.

341-349, 30 de dezembro de 2004 Una nueva especie de Gnamptogenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) y comentarios sobre las especies... Una nueva especie de Gnamptogenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) y comentarios sobre las especies del género en Colombia y Ecuador ABSTRACT. A new species of the ant genus Gnamptogenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with comments on...

Caracterización Clípeo generalmente amplio; inserciones antenales, con pocas excepciones tapadas por lóbulos frontales; ojos compuestos usualmente presentes, ocasionalmente atrofiados o ausentes; sutura promesonotal usualmente pre-sente y flexible, a veces presente e inmóvil o ausente; abertura de glándula metapleural dirigida lateral o poste-riorm...

entomológica general, pero con muchos detalles adaptados a las necesida-des de estudios mirmecológicos. Sin embargo dejo en claro que el lector debe tener conocimientos básicos sobre la conservación de colecciones entomológicas y para ese fin recomiendo cualquiera de los siguientes textos: Almeida (1998), Uys y Urban (1996), Upton (1991) o Martin (...

The distribution range of ants of the genus Gnamptogenys is analysed, with special reference to the Old World species, and two closely related genera: Rhytidoponera and Ectatomma. The study is based upon a cladistic biogeographic analysis, recognizing the following areas of endemism: Central America, South America, Philippine Islands, New Guinea, A...

Lattke JE. 2002. New species of Gnamtogenys Roger, 1863 from America (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Entomotropica 17(2):135-144. Seven new species (five recent, two fossil) of Gnamptogenys from the Caribbean, Central and South America are described: G. biquetra sp.n., G. brunoi sp.n., G. casca sp.n., G. falcaria sp.n. , G. insularis sp.n., G...

Apterostigma megacephala, a new species of attine ant, is described from Peru and Colombia. It is diagnosed by the following combination of worker characters: flattened compound eyes partially wrapped around conical tubercles, mesonotal denticles and erect rigid pilosity on the head, mesosoma and gaster. It is thought to be a basal species in relat...

Se revisa y se redefine el género Apterostigma en base a las obreras, reconociéndose 45 especies, de las cuales 18 son nuevas. De las especies previamente conocidas se redescriben 18; 7 son sinonimizadas y 1 es revalidada. Nueve especies nominales se agrupan en el complejo pilosum. Se resume toda la información disponible sobre el género, las espec...

The phylogenetic relationships between the genera of ants considered until now as ectatommines are investigated using cladistic methods. They are found polyphyletic and a new arrangement is proposed. Paraponerini is reinstated for Paraponera; Proceratiini is reinstated for Proceratium and Discothyrea. The tribe Ectatommini is reduced to the followi...

Trichoscapa inusitata n. sp. is described from southern Venezuela. It is unlike any other Neotropical member of short-mandibulate Dacetini, bearing closer resemblance to some species from SE Asia. Its relationship with other dacetines can not be determined until a generic revision of these ants is carried out.

Chemical analyses of three species in the Neotropical ant genusMegalomyrmex have identified this taxon as the third myrmicine genus to produce alkaloids as major venom products. Workers ofM. leoninus and workers and ergatoids ofM. goeldii produce one or more of fourtrans-2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines previously identified in other myrmicine genera.M. mod...

Based upon a single alate female the ant genus Bariamyrma from southern Venezuela is described as new. Recognized as a member of the lower Myrmicinae, its closest affinities with other myrmicines appear to be in the group of genera related to Lordomyrma.