John H. Connolly

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• MA MSc PhD LLCM
• Fellow at Loughborough University

The central issue addressed in this paper concerns the design of an appropriate contextual framework to support a dynamic implementation of FDG. The first part of the paper is concerned with the internal structure of the contextual framework. A particular hierarchical structure for the analysis and description of context, articulated in Connolly (2...

"Recontextualisation" is the process whereby content that has been given expression in one context (the "source" context) is subsequently reused in a different context (the "destination" context). It is often accompanied by "resemiotisation", the process whereby content is lifted from one text (the "antecedent" text, situated in the source context)...

Pragmatics 24:2 (June 2014) <http://ipra.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=*HOME&n=1480> SPECIAL ISSUE: The interaction between context and grammar in Functional Discourse Grammar . Edited by Núria Alturo, Evelien Keizer, and Lluís Payrató Núria ALTURO, Evelien KEIZER, and Lluís PAYRATÓ The interaction between context and grammar in Functional Discourse Gram...

An essential task for the morphosyntactic level within the grammatical component of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) is the handling of constituent ordering. This area of grammar, which is known as positional syntax, constitutes the subject of the present paper, in which the ordering of constituents is examined within the framework of a dynamic i...

It is common practice for clinicians to make use of information relating to the normal development of syntactic structure in children when planning programmes of remediation for grammatical disability. However, functional as well as structural considerations are relevant to this aspect of treatment planning, and the two together can provide more de...

The realizations of linguistic units that appear in disordered speech are frequently different from the corresponding ‘target’ forms which occur in normal speech. Moreover, the degree of difference between realization and target is a matter of some significance in relation to the success or failure of communication. The present paper is therefore d...

This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of computer software for the automatic analysis of clinical language data. It first sets out a number of widely accepted principles governing the production of high-quality computer software in general. It then discusses a series of issues relating specifically to the design of clinically o...

In Part I it was shown how the difference between an individual target segment and its deviant realisation can be quantified. In Part II the aim is to explain how the appropriate quantitative techniques can be applied also to the measurement of differences between sequences of speech sounds. The coverage will include both segmental and non-segmenta...

Introduction The Language Assessment, Remediation and Screening Procedure, known universally by its acronym LARSP, is now in widespread use among speech therapists and others concerned with teaching and research in relation to grammatical disability. Introduced in Crystal, Fletcher & Garman (1976), it has been further discussed in subsequent public...

A comprehensive framework is presented for the analysis or description of context in relation to human-computer communication, in a manner that is also consistent with the contextual analysis of interpersonal communication among humans. Following a discussion of the nature of context, a hierarchically structured framework is proposed, which disting...

An important and admirable characteristic of the FDG framework is that it takes very seriously the fact that utterances are produced and understood in context.Given this fact, the aim of the present paper is to articulate, in more detail than hitherto, how context may be treated and described within FDG, and to provide FDG with a more comprehensive...

Self-configuring computer networks are designed to offer services to users in response to their specific requirements on particular occasions. In order for such networks to obtain information about their users’ requirements and then to respond appropriately, processes of communication need to take place, not only between the user and the network, b...

This collection presents a number of studies in the lexico-grammar of English which focus on the one hand on close reading of language in context and on the other hand on current functional theoretical concerns. The various contributions represent distinct functionalist models of language, including Functional Grammar and Functional Discourse Gramm...

The term ‘dialogue’ has its origin in the study of human language, where it is regarded primarily as a form of discourse, and hence as a pragmatic-level phenomenon. However, ‘dialogue’ is nowadays also used to denote human-computer interaction; and in this field it tends to be described in syntactic rather than in pragmatic terms. But to treat dial...

This chapter is concerned with the application of the six-level framework of Organisational Semiotics to the analysis of the problems raised by international communication. Some of these problems involve whole semiotic systems, namely human languages. Other problems, such as speed and bandwidth of data transmission, pertain to the levels of empiric...

This paper presents a system, named CAPTOP, for authoring and checking operating procedures for plant operations. It consists of a knowledge base of plant unit operations that can be linked to a graphical front end for inputting operating instructions. The system then builds a formal model of the instruction set as an interlingua and then uses it t...

Le multimedia, la combinaison coherente de deux medias de communication differents dans la transmission d'un message, peut renvoyer a la parole avec gestes, a une figure avec legende, a la television... et ne se limite pas a son expression informatique. L'A. propose de theoriser le multimedia dans son ensemble dans un cadre d'analyse semiotique. En...

Natural language (NL), by virtue of its central role in human communication, plays a vital part in the functioning of organisations. Its importance in this regard is emphasised by, among others, Stamper (1996: 365), and it is therefore essential that the organisational semiotics (OS) framework, as presented in publications such as Stamper (1996: 35...

Networked multimedia systems are commonplace in the world of today. The most obvious example is the world-wide web, but other such systems exist besides this, for instance the intranets of commercial organisations, which may or may not have internet connections. Furthermore, there is no doubt that web-sites and intranets have the potential to reach...

Human languages and computer programming languages are very different from one another. Nevertheless, in spite of this, is it possible to accommodate both of them within a single overarching framework? In addressing this question, the various aspects of context are surveyed, in order to facilitate a comparison between context in relation to natural...

Many design principles relating to the interface between computer-based systems and their human users derive from human factors (HF) considerations. In the first part of this paper, it is shown how some of the most important HF-based principles may be fitted into the Organisational Semiotic framework proposed by Ronald Stamper. In the second part o...

Human languages and computer programming languages are very different from one another, Nevertheless, in spite of this, is it possible to accommodate both of them within a single overarching framework? In addressing this question, the various aspects of context are surveyed. in order to facilitate a comparison between context in relation to natural...

This paper looks specifically at the use of collocation as a source of linguistic knowledge. Collocation describes the statistical tendency of certain words to co-occur in a language, within a defined range

There are many different ways of looking at diagrams. Here, however, we consider them in relation to human communication. In particular, we draw upon some concepts taken from semiotics and linguistics, with a view to showing how a semiotically based approach can help to make more explicit the way in which diagrams contribute to the interpersonal co...

Functional Grammar (FG) as set out by Simon Dik is the ambitious combination of a functionalist approach to the study of language with a consistent formalization of the underlying structures which it recognizes as relevant. The present volume represents the attempts made within the FG framework to expand the theory so as to cover a wider empirical...

Cooperative activity of any kind (whether computers are involved or not) is an intrinsically interactive process. Hence, it can be accomplished successfully only if the participants engage in communication with one another as the activity proceeds. One of the principal means of communication available to human beings is natural language, which is t...

Cooperation is important in small-group problem solving. It is characterized by certain behavioral features: for example, it is a goal-directed act, involving a common goal or goals, and it exhibits underlying dynamic processes, chief of which is communication. An important medium of communication is language, and it has been proposed that there ma...

In Chapter 6 of this book (‘A Language of Cooperation?’ by Clarke, Connolly, Garner and Palmen), some of the linguistic characteristics of cooperative dialog are described, based on the analysis of linguistic data obtained as part of the ROCOCO Project, which was aimed at ‘establishing the communicational requirements of IT systems that support hum...

Linguistic Concepts and Methods in CSCW is the first book devoted to the innovative new area of research in CSCW. It concentrates on the use of language in context - the area most widely researched in conjunction with CSCW - but also examines grammatical construction, semantics and the significance of the spoken, written and graphic mediums. A vari...

Many opportunities exist or can be foreseen for Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) involving people working in different countries. This chapter is concerned with some of the problems that arise out of international CSCW and with the ways in which these may be tackled with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology.

Computing, despite the relative brevity of its history, has already evolved into a subject in which a fairly large number of subdisciplines can be identified. Moreover, there has been a noticeable tendency for the different branches of the subject each to develop its own intellectual culture, tradition and momentum. This is not, of course, to sugge...

This paper describes how a computer-based dictionary can be accessed in parallel. The application, which is written in Occam-2, uses up to five transputers and the dictionary is split over these. Words input to the system are preprocessed in order to find the relevant section of the dictionary, except in the case of high-frequency words, which are...

The concepts of speech intelligibility and unintelligibility are examined from a theoretical linguistic point of view, and it is argued that unintelligibility is a special case of a broader phenomenon which is here termed indeterminability. It is further contended that the identification of potential sources of unintelligibility and other kinds of...

This paper is concerned with the testing of grammatical rules by computer. The rules concerned are those which govern the order of nuclear elements in the English clause, formulated in accordance with the principles of functional grammar. The first part of the paper deals with the form and content of these rules. Next, a procedure is described for...

An approach to the problem of automatic speech recognition based on spectrogram reading is described. Firstly, the process of spectrogram reading by humans is discussed, and experimental findings presented which confirm that it is possible to learn to carry out such a process with some success. Secondly, a knowledge-engineering approach to the auto...

In their book on British English accents and dialects, Hughes & Trudgill (1979: 51–3) include a brief study of the South Wales variety of English, based on the speech of informants from Neath and Pontypridd. Although in the main their description rings true, it does leave some gaps and contain some inaccuracies, sufficient to prompt me to offer the...

A genuine comprehension of the process of human communication within organisations requires a detailed understanding of pragmatics. Accord- ingly, our aim here is to work towards a richer means of analysing and describing multimodal documents at the pragmatic level than is currently available within the framework of Organisational Semiotics. Our ba...

This paper considers the effect of contextual information and knowledge representation in devices and how manipulating these two factors could contribute to creating intelligent environments. A walk-through of a simple example is used to demonstrate this theory. The aim of this paper is to determine how this representation facilitates communication...

Human intentions are vague and, in most cases, unpredictable. To create a model adequate enough to create a uniform representation for human intentions, it will be necessary to incorporate semiotics (the study of communication) into already existing methods.

This is a conference paper. This paper describes current research at Loughborough University in the field of Computer Supported Co-operative Working (CSCW). The project, which is funded by the Information Engineering Directorate (IED) within the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC), is titled 'Establishing the Communicational Requirement...